An Analytical Approach for Gas Turbine Parameter Corrections
Turbomachinery component behavior depends on dimensionless parameters, such as inlet and circumferential Mach numbers and the ratio of specific heats. Regarding mass flow and speed, their dimensionless scaling parameters are usually used instead based on Mach number similarity. A given dimensionless aerodynamic operating point is defined by certain values of axial and circumferential Mach numbers. To such a point and for a certain value of isentropic exponent, a given dimensionless enthalpy variation corresponds as the work parameter. When turbo-machinery performance sizes, such as the work parameter and efficiency, are plotted against mass flow and speed to form a characteristic, the absence of the isentropic exponent as an additional dimension causes inaccuracies. The extent of the inaccuracies firstly depends on the scaling groups used for mass low, speed and work, that is whether they include the gas property parameters, such as the isentropic exponent and the gas constant. The aforementioned shows that for rigorous calculations correction factors have to be applied, especially when quasi-dimensionless groups are used and/or pressure ratio is used as the work parameter. Typically, the corrections for mass flow and speed may take the form of multipliers, which consist of ratios of the isentropic exponent and/or the gas constant between the examined condition and the reference one. Alternatively, for the case of mass flow the exponents of temperature and pressure can deviate from their theoretical values of 0.5 and 1.0 respectively. Scope of the current work is the mathematical formulation of such exponents for a variety of scaling groups regarding mass flow, speed and work. The correction factors are a strong function of the operating condition, temperature and gas composition, which fully define gas properties. Among the findings of the current study, evidence is provided that the practically one-to-one relationship considered between dimensionless mass flow and inlet Mach number holds for low Mach number values. This is particularly true, since its sensitivity to variations of the isentropic exponent gets increasingly larger with Mach number. Additionally, for a given dimensionless enthalpy change, the exchange rate of pressure ratio against variations of the isentropic exponent is much more increased for an expansion rather than a compression. The latter justifies the use of dimensionless enthalpy drop in turbine characteristics.