Numerical Analysis of a Microturbine Combustion Chamber Modified for Biomass Derived Syngas

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Laranci ◽  
Edoardo Bursi ◽  
Francesco Fantozzi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine

A CFD analysis was carried out to study the performance of a modified combustion chamber of a micro gas turbine with the objective to change its fuelling from natural gas to biomass pyrolysis gas. The micro gas turbine is a component of a pilot IPRP (Integrated Regenerated Pyrolysis Plant), a distributed energy system, based on a rotary kiln reactor for the pyrolysis of biomass. This paper describes the combustion process occurring inside the combustion chamber of the micro gas turbine. In particular, a new, revised kinetic scheme was implemented in the RANS analysis to better reproduce CO oxidation and flue gases temperature, for both methane and pyrolysis gas combustion; further investigation was undertaken on NOx formation mechanisms, which are now modeled through a non-adiabatic PPDF approach, also taking into account the effects of turbulence interaction. CFD simulations for natural gas and pyrolysis gas combustion were performed for two different annular rich-quench-lean combustion chamber configurations, one with the original design for natural gas and one with a modified design optimized for syngas, in order to quantify the advantage of using a dedicated design. Furthermore, through the numerical analysis, the hot spots of the combustor have been identified and monitored the to study the possible effects of material corrosion due to high temperatures.

scholarly journals A swirler stabilized combustion chamber for a micro-gas turbine fuelled with natural gas

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenther C. Krieger ◽  
André P. V. de Campos ◽  
Fernando L. Sacomano Filho ◽  
Rafael C. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine

Analysis of a Micro Gas Turbine Fed by Natural Gas and Synthesis Gas: MGT Test Bench and Combustor CFD Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cadorin ◽  
M. Pinelli ◽  
A. Vaccari ◽  
R. Calabria ◽  
F. Chiariello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Gaseous Fuels

In recent years, the interest in the research on energy production systems fed by biofuels has increased. Gaseous fuels obtained through biomass conversion processes such as gasification, pyrolysis and pyrogasification are generally defined as synthesis gas (syngas). The use of synthesis gas in small-size energy systems, such as those used for distributed micro-cogeneration, has not yet reached a level of technological maturity that could allow a large market diffusion. For this reason, further analyses (both experimental and numerical) have to be carried out to allow these technologies to achieve performance and reliability typical of established technologies based on traditional fuels. In this paper, a numerical analysis of a combustor of a 100-kW micro gas turbine fed by natural gas and biomass-derived synthesis gas is presented. The work has been developed in the framework of a collaboration between the Engineering Department of the University of Ferrara, the Istituto Motori - CNR (Napoli), and Turbec S.p A. of Corporeno di Cento (FE). The main features of the micro gas turbine Turbec T100, located at the Istituto Motori - CNR, are firstly described. A decompression and distribution system allows the feeding of the micro gas turbine with gaseous fuels characterized by different compositions. Moreover, a system of remote monitoring and control together with a data transfer system has been developed in order to set the operative parameters of the machine. The results of the tests performed under different operating conditions are then presented. Subsequently, the paper presents the numerical analysis of a model of the micro gas turbine combustor. The combustor model is validated against manufacturer performance data and experimental data with respect to steady state performance, i.e., average outlet temperature and emission levels. A sensitivity analysis on the model capability to simulate different operating conditions is then performed. The combustor model is used to simulate the combustion of a syngas, composed of different ratios of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide and water. The results in terms of flame displacement, temperature and emission distribution and values are analyzed and compared to the natural gas simulations. Finally, some simple modifications to the combustion chamber are proposed and simulated both with natural gas and syngas feeding.

CFD Analysis of an Annular Micro Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber Fuelled With Liquid Biofuels: Preliminary Results With Bioethanol

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Laranci ◽  
Gianni Bidini ◽  
Umberto Desideri ◽  
Francesco Fantozzi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Oxidation Mechanism ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Preliminary Results

Liquid biofuels, such as bioethanol, biodiesel and vegetal oils, can effectively be used in internal combustion engines blended with liquid fuels of fossil origin or in their substitution, allowing a reduction of CO2 and pollutant emissions in the atmosphere. This work is supported by a CFD analysis to study the feasibility of using these fuels derived from biomass in a 80 kWel micro gas turbine, originally designed for operation with natural gas. In this paper preliminary results about the behavior of bioethanol in the MGT combustion chamber are presented. The complete investigation however includes biodiesel and also glycerin, a byproduct of biodiesel production. To carry out the computational simulations, combustion models included in a commercial software and oxidation mechanism of ethanol taken from the literature were used. The geometry of the NG injector was modified to optimize the liquid inlet into the combustor. Simulation results in terms of temperatures, pressures, and emissions were compared with data available for natural gas combustion in the original combustion chamber.

Numerical Analysis of Biomass-Derived Gaseous Fuels Fired in a RQL Micro Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber: Preliminary Results

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Laranci ◽  
Edoardo Bursi ◽  
Francesco Fantozzi
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide

The economically sustainable availability of biomass residuals and the growing need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from power generation facilities has driven the development of a series of processes that lead to the production of a variety of biomass-derived fuels gaseous fuels, such as syngas, pyrolysis gas, landfill gas and digester gas. These technologies can find an ideal coupling when used for fuelling micro gas turbines, especially for distributed power generation applications, in a range between 50 and 500 kWE. This paper features a report on numerical activity carried out at the University of Perugia on a 80 kWE micro gas turbine annular combustion chamber, featuring RQL technology, that has been numerically modeled in order to verify combustion requirements, principally in terms of air/fuel ratio and lower heating value, simulating mixtures with varying chemical composition. The use of CFD turbulence and combustion modeling, via both Eddy Break-up and non-adiabatic PPDF methods, allows us to evaluate flame temperatures and stability, NOx and unburnt hydrocarbons emissions, under various load conditions, for the different fuel mixtures taken into account.

CFD Simulation of Biomass Pyrolysis Syngas vs. Natural Gas in a Microturbine Annular Combustor

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fantozzi ◽  
Paolo Laranci ◽  
Gianni Bidini
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Combustion Mechanism ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Annular Combustor

Biomass to energy conversion is particularly attractive on the microscale were internal combustion engines such as microturbines may be utilized coupled to an indirect gasification system. The authors have developed the IPRP technology based on rotary kiln pyrolisys and a pilot plant was built in Italy powered by an 80 kWEl microturbine fired by pyrolysis biomass syngas. This paper describes CFD numerical investigations carried out to study the combustion process occurring inside the annular rich-quick-lean combustion chamber of the given microturbine. A RANS analysis has been performed in order to simulate both natural gas and syngas combustion. A mechanisms based on two reduced and detailed chemical kinetic were taken into account and applied to carry out the CFD simulations. The numerical results obtained for NG are presented and compared with the experimental data on emission to validate the numerical assumptions. The combustion mechanism are used also in pyrolysis gas combustion case to investigate the operation of the microturbine fuelled with this biomass derived fuel.

SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT FUEL USE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GAS COMBUSTION IN STOVE PLATES. PART 1. MODERN STATE-OF-THE-ART AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT THE GAS BURNING IN DOMESTIC GAS COOKERS

2017 ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Soroka ◽  
V.V. Horupa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Gas Stoves

Natural gas NG consumption in industry and energy of Ukraine, in recent years falls down as a result of the crisis in the country’s economy, to a certain extent due to the introduction of renewable energy sources along with alternative technologies, while in the utility sector the consumption of fuel gas flow rate enhancing because of an increase the number of consumers. The natural gas is mostly using by domestic purpose for heating of premises and for cooking. These items of the gas utilization in Ukraine are already exceeding the NG consumption in industry. Cooking is proceeding directly in the living quarters, those usually do not meet the requirements of the Ukrainian norms DBN for the ventilation procedures. NG use in household gas stoves is of great importance from the standpoint of controlling the emissions of harmful components of combustion products along with maintenance the satisfactory energy efficiency characteristics of NG using. The main environment pollutants when burning the natural gas in gas stoves are including the nitrogen oxides NOx (to a greater extent — highly toxic NO2 component), carbon oxide CO, formaldehyde CH2O as well as hydrocarbons (unburned UHC and polyaromatic PAH). An overview of environmental documents to control CO and NOx emissions in comparison with the proper norms by USA, EU, Russian Federation, Australia and China, has been completed. The modern designs of the burners for gas stoves are considered along with defining the main characteristics: heat power, the natural gas flow rate, diameter of gas orifice, diameter and spacing the firing openings and other parameters. The modern physical and chemical principles of gas combustion by means of atmospheric ejection burners of gas cookers have been analyzed from the standpoints of combustion process stabilization and of ensuring the stability of flares. Among the factors of the firing process destabilization within the framework of analysis above mentioned, the following forms of unstable combustion/flame unstabilities have been considered: flashback, blow out or flame lifting, and the appearance of flame yellow tips. Bibl. 37, Fig. 11, Tab. 7.

Multiflame Patterns in Swirl-Driven Partially Premixed Natural Gas Combustion

2002 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Vanoverberghe ◽  
E. V. Van den Bulck ◽  
M. J. Tummers ◽  
W. A. Hu¨bner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Bifurcation Phenomena ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Partially Premixed ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion ◽  
Low Nox Emission

Five different flame states are identified in a compact combustion chamber that is fired by a 30 kW swirl-stabilized partially premixed natural gas burner working at atmospheric pressure. These flame states include a nozzle-attached tulip shaped flame, a nonattached torroidal-ring shaped flame (SSF) suitable for very low NOx emission in a gas turbine combustor and a Coanda flame (CSF) that clings to the bottom wall of the combustion chamber. Flame state transition is generated by changing the swirl number and by premixing the combustion air with 70% of the natural gas flow. The flame state transition pathways reveal strong hysteresis and bifurcation phenomena. The paper also presents major species concentrations, temperature and velocity profiles of the lifted flame state and the Coanda flame and discusses the mechanisms of flame transition and stabilization.

Design Analysis of a Micro Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber Burning Natural Gas

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Perpignan V. de Campos ◽  
Fernando L. Sacomano Filho ◽  
Guenther C. Krieger Filho
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mixture Fraction ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Micro Turbine

Gas turbines are reliable energy conversion systems since they are able to operate with variable fuels and independently from seasonal natural changes. Within that reality, micro gas turbines have been increasing the importance of its usage on the onsite generation. Comparatively, less research has been done, leaving more room for improvements in this class of gas turbines. Focusing on the study of a flexible micro turbine set, this work is part of the development of a low cost electric generation micro turbine, which is capable of burning natural gas, LPG and ethanol. It is composed of an originally automotive turbocompressor, a combustion chamber specifically designed for this application, as well as a single stage axial power turbine. The combustion chamber is a reversed flow type and has a swirl stabilized combustor. This paper is dedicated to the diagnosis of the natural gas combustion in this chamber using computational fluid dynamics techniques compared to measured experimental data of temperature inside the combustion chamber. The study emphasizes the near inner wall temperature, turbine inlet temperature and dilution holes effectiveness. The calculation was conducted with the Reynolds Stress turbulence model coupled with the conventional β-PDF equilibrium along with mixture fraction transport combustion model. Thermal radiation was also considered. Reasonable agreement between experimental data and computational simulations was achieved, providing confidence on the phenomena observed on the simulations, which enabled the design improvement suggestions and analysis included in this work.

Prediction of Pressure Rise in a Gas Turbine Exhaust Duct Under Flameout Scenarios While Operating On Hydrogen and Natural Gas Blends

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Ugarte ◽  
Suresh Menon ◽  
Wayne Rattigan ◽  
Paul Winstanley ◽  
Priyank Saxena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Exhaust Duct ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

Abstract In recent years, there is a growing interest in blending hydrogen with natural gas fuels to produce low carbon electricity. It is important to evaluate the safety of gas turbine packages under these conditions, such as late-light off and flameout scenarios. However, the assessment of the safety risks by performing experiments in full-scale exhaust ducts is a very expensive and, potentially, risky endeavor. Computational simulations using a high fidelity CFD model provide a cost-effective way of assessing the safety risk. In this study, a computational model is implemented to perform three dimensional, compressible and unsteady simulations of reacting flows in a gas turbine exhaust duct. Computational results were validated against data obtained at the simulated conditions in a representative geometry. Due to the enormous size of the geometry, special attention was given to the discretization of the computational domain and the combustion model. Results show that CFD model predicts main features of the pressure rise driven by the combustion process. The peak pressures obtained computationally and experimentally differed in 20%. This difference increased up to 45% by reducing the preheated inflow conditions. The effects of rig geometry and flow conditions on the accuracy of the CFD model are discussed.

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