SCO2PE Operating Experience and Validation and Verification of KAIST_TMD

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jekyoung Lee ◽  
Jeong Ik Lee ◽  
Yoonhan Ahn ◽  
Seong Gu Kim ◽  
Jae Eun Cha
Keyword(s):  
Research Team ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Validation And Verification ◽  
Pump Design ◽  
Turbomachinery Design

Supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle has gaining attention due to its compactness and high efficiency at intermediate temperature range of turbine inlet temperature. Thus, many research groups have been trying to develop their own S-CO2 Brayton cycle technology or component design technology. KAIST research team has been trying to develop a S-CO2 turbomachinery design methodology. As a part of this effort, In-House code KAIST_TMD (KAIST Turbomachinery Design) was developed based on open literatures. KAIST_TMD can reflect real gas effect since it uses precise equations and property database rather than ideal gas assumptions. Most special characteristic of KAIST_TMD is that KAIST_TMD can design both of radial type and axial type turbomachineries so it can compare performance of both radial and axial turbomachineries under the same operating conditions. KAIST_TMD provides geometry of turbomachinery and off design performance map also. This research team built a S-CO2 Pump Experiment facility (SCO2PE) to experience the S-CO2 loop operation and to perform validation and verification of KAIST_TMD in near future. Canned motor pump and shell and tube type heat exchanger were installed as the main components of SCO2PE. Main objectives of this paper are to present preliminary experimental data and share the operating experience and troubleshooting of the facility. Data analysis and detailed discussions about an experimental procedure and major issues when pump operates near the critical point will be presented in the paper. As a result, preliminary data were obtained that can be used for improving the facility to increase accuracy of the data for future validation and verification of KAIST_TMD for radial compressor/pump design.

Design Methodology of Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle Turbomachineries

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jekyoung Lee ◽  
Jeong Ik Lee ◽  
Yoonhan Ahn ◽  
Hojoon Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Validation And Verification ◽  
Property Variation ◽  
Linear Property

The supercritical CO2(S-CO2) Brayton Cycle is gaining attention due to its high thermal efficiency at relatively low turbine inlet temperature and compactness of turbomachineries. For designing turbomachineries of the S-CO2 Cycle, however, most of existing codes based on ideal gas assumption are not proven yet to be accurate near the supercritical condition. Furthermore, many of existing design computer programs usually focuses on a specific type of turbomachinery, e.g. axial or radial, which makes hard to compare performance of both types at the same design condition. Since both axial and radial types of turbomachineries were pointed out as an equally possible candidate for the S-CO2 Brayton cycle, in order to compare and determine the best effective type of turbomachinery requires considering both types under the same design conditions. Taking into consideration of these facts, some modifications to the conventional design methodology of gas cycle turbomachinery are necessary to design a turbomachinery for the S-CO2 cycle. Especially, a modified design method should consider non-linear property variation of CO2 near the critical point to obtain an accurate result. Thus, the modified design method for the S-CO2 Brayton cycle turbomachineries is suggested in this paper and the method was implemented in the in-house code. In addition, some preliminary results will be discussed with the plan for validation and verification of the code.

Mechanical Design and Testing of a 2.5 MW sCO2 Compressor Loop

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan D. Cich ◽  
J. Jeffrey Moore ◽  
Chris Kulhanek ◽  
Meera Day Towler ◽  
Jason Mortzheim
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inlet Guide Vane ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inlet Conditions ◽  
Design And Testing

Abstract An enabling technology for a successful deployment of the sCO2 close-loop recompression Brayton cycle is the development of a compressor that can maintain high efficiency for a wide range of inlet conditions due to large variation in properties of CO2 operating near its dome. One solution is to develop an internal actuated variable Inlet Guide Vane (IGV) system that can maintain high efficiency in the main and re-compressor with varying inlet temperature. A compressor for this system has recently been manufactured and tested at various operating conditions to determine its compression efficiency. This compressor was developed with funding from the US DOE Apollo program and industry partners. This paper will focus on the design and testing of the main compressor operating near the CO2 dome. It will look at design challenges that went into some of the decisions for rotor and case construction and how that can affect the mechanical and aerodynamic performance of the compressor. This paper will also go into results from testing at the various operating conditions and how the change in density of CO2 affected rotordynamics and overall performance of the machine. Results will be compared to expected performance and how design changes were implanted to properly counter challenges during testing.

scholarly journals Thermal Performance Analysis of a Direct-Heated Recompression Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle Using Solar Concentrators

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinping Wang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Peter D. Lund ◽  
Hongxia Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Solar Concentrators ◽  
Cooling Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

In this study, a direct recompression supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle, using parabolic trough solar concentrators (PTC), is developed and analyzed employing a new simulation model. The effects of variations in operating conditions and parameters on the performance of the s-CO2 Brayton cycle are investigated, also under varying weather conditions. The results indicate that the efficiency of the s-CO2 Brayton cycle is mainly affected by the compressor outlet pressure, turbine inlet temperature and cooling temperature: Increasing the turbine inlet pressure reduces the efficiency of the cycle and also requires changing the split fraction, where increasing the turbine inlet temperature increases the efficiency, but has a very small effect on the split fraction. At the critical cooling temperature point (31.25 °C), the cycle efficiency reaches a maximum value of 0.4, but drops after this point. In optimal conditions, a cycle efficiency well above 0.4 is possible. The maximum system efficiency with the PTCs remains slightly below this value as the performance of the whole system is also affected by the solar tracking method used, the season and the incidence angle of the solar beam radiation which directly affects the efficiency of the concentrator. The choice of the tracking mode causes major temporal variations in the output of the cycle, which emphasis the role of an integrated TES with the s-CO2 Brayton cycle to provide dispatchable power.

Large Electro-Magnetic Pump Design for Application in the ASTRID Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rie Aizawa ◽  
Tetsu Suzuki ◽  
Guy Laffont ◽  
Frédéric Rey
Keyword(s):  
Fast Reactor ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
Pump Design ◽  
Sodium Fast Reactor ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Collaboration Agreement

Within the framework of the French Sodium Fast Reactor (SFR) prototype called ASTRID (Advance Sodium Technological Reactor for Industrial Demonstration), an application of Large capacity Electro-Magnetic Pumps (LEMP) is considered as a main concept of the circulating pump on intermediate sodium circuits. The use of LEMP has several merits in the design of reactor, operation, and maintenance. Furthermore, high efficiency is acquired when heat-resistant coil insulation is used for this LEMP. Nevertheless, some theoretical and technological developments have to be carried out in order to validate the design tools by taking into account Magneto Hydro Dynamic (MHD) phenomena and the applicability of the LEMP to ASTRID steady state and transient operating conditions. In this aim, a collaboration agreement between the CEA and TOSHIBA Corporation came into force in April 2012 to carry out a joint work program on the ASTRID EMP design and development. This paper describes the dedicated design studies and experimental activities for the LEMP development within the framework of the CEA-TOSHIBA collaboration.

scholarly journals Experimental Assessment of a Sliding-Blade Inside-Out Ceramic Turbine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Thibault ◽  
Patrick K. Dubois ◽  
Benoit Picard ◽  
Alexandre Landry-Blais ◽  
Jean-Sébastien Plante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Blade Loading ◽  
Rotor Design ◽  
Inside Out ◽  
Acceptable Reliability

Abstract In order to reach 40% efficiency, sub-MW turbines must operate in a recuperated gas Brayton cycle at a turbine inlet temperature (TIT) above 1300°C. Current sub-MW turbines have material-related operating temperature limits. Still to this day, there is no cost-effective rotor design which operates at such high temperatures. This paper introduces a novel, sliding-blade, inside-out ceramic turbine (ICT) wheel configuration, which could enable high-efficiency sub-MW recuperated engines to be achieved with cheap monolithic ceramic blades. The inside-out configuration uses a rotating structural hoop, or shroud, to convert centrifugal forces into compressive blade loading. The sliding-blade architecture uses a hub with angled planes on which ceramic blades slide up and down, allowing to match the radial expansion of the structural shroud. This configuration generates low stress values in both ceramic and metallic components and can achieve high tip speeds. A prototype is designed and its reliability is calculated using CARES software. The result is a design which has a single blade probability of failure (Pf) of 0.1% for 1000 h of steady operation. Analyses also demonstrate that reliability is greatly dependent on friction at ceramic-to-metal interfaces. Low friction could lead to acceptable reliability levels for engine applications. The prototype was successfully tested in a laboratory turbine environment at a tip speed of 350 m/s and a TIT of 1100 °C without any damage.

scholarly journals Thermo-economic optimization of supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle on the design point for application in solar power tower system

2021 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Tianye Liu ◽  
Jingze Yang ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Yuanyuan Duan
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Compressor Inlet ◽  
Solar Power Tower ◽  
Tower System

The supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle integrated with a solar power tower system has the advantages of high efficiency, compact cycle structure, strong scalability, and great power generation potential, which can positively deal with the energy crisis and global warming. The selection and optimization of design points are very important for actual operating situations. In this paper, the thermodynamic and economic models of the 10 MWe supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle for application in solar power tower system are established. Multi-objective optimizations of the simple recuperative cycle, reheating cycle, and recompression cycle at different compressor inlet temperature are completed. The thermal efficiency and the levelized energy cost are selected as the fitness functions. The ranges of the optimal compressor inlet pressure and reheating pressure on the Pareto frontier are analyzed. Finally, multiobjective optimizations and analysis of the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle at different ambient temperature are carried out. This paper investigates the influence of the compressor inlet temperature and ambient temperature on the thermal efficiency and economic performance of the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle.

A Review of the Prospect and Challenges for Developing and Marketing a Brayton-Cycle Based Power Genset Gas-Turbine Using Supercritical CO2: Part I — The General System Challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbo Chen ◽  
Abraham Engeda
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
General System ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Materials Selection ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Exchange Operation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Turbomachinery Design

Abstract Around the 1960s, the proposal of the supercritical dioxide (s-CCO2) power-cycle was first introduced; however, because of various obstacles, the development was slow at that time. With current worldwide emission and power problems, the s-CO2 power cycle has regained more attention because of its unique properties as a working fluid for power-cycle, and zero-emission potential. Each s-CO2 power cycle requires various components for compression, expansion, and heat exchange operation. Among various working fluid, s-CO2 has four significant advantages favorable for developers: 1. Relatively low and achievable critical conditions (∼7.3Mpa, ∼31°C). 2. The high density (∼400kg/m3) results in a very compact turbomachinery design. 3. The low dynamic-viscosity of s-CO2 can reduce the overall flow friction loss. 4. Low compressibility value which can reduce the overall system compression works. All these advantages make the s-CO2 the perfect working fluid for next-generation high-efficiency power-cycle design. This paper in two parts reviews the s-CO2 cycle technologies for power generation and critically assesses the recent challenges and development status. This paper, Part I, focuses on the general cycle concepts, thermodynamic properties, materials selection, and other components considerations.

Sensitivity Study of S-CO2 Compressor Design for Different Real Gas Approximations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jekyoung Lee ◽  
Seong Kuk Cho ◽  
Jae Eun Cha ◽  
Jeong Ik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Property ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Real Gas ◽  
Compressor Design ◽  
Turbomachinery Design

With the efforts of many researchers and engineers on the Supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) Brayton cycle technology development, the S-CO2 Brayton cycle is now considered as one of the key power technologies for the future. Since S-CO2 Brayton cycle has advantages in economics due to high efficiency and compactness of system, various industries have been trying to develop technologies on the design and analysis of S-CO2 Brayton cycle components. Among various technical issues on the S-CO2 Brayton cycle technology development, treatment of thermodynamic property near the critical point of S-CO2 is very important since the property shows non-linear variation which causes large error on design and analysis results for ideal gas based methodologies. Due to the special behavior of thermodynamic property of CO2 near the critical point, KAIST research team has been trying to develop a S-CO2 compressor design and analysis tool to reflect real gas effect accurately for better design and performance prediction results. The main motivation for developing an in-house code is to establish turbomachinery design methodology based on general equations to improve accuracy of design and analysis results for various working fluids including S-CO2. One of the key improvements of KAIST_TMD which is an in-house tool for S-CO2 turbomachinery design and analysis is the conversion process between stagnation condition and static condition. Since fluid is moving with high flow velocity in a compressor, the conversion process between stagnation and static condition is important and it can have an impact on the design and analysis results significantly. A common process for the conversion is based on the specific heat ratio which is typically a constant from ideal gas assumption. However, specific heat ratio cannot be assumed as a constant for the case of S-CO2 compressor design and analysis because it varies dramatically near the critical point. Thus, in this paper, sensitivity study results on the state condition conversion between stagnation and static conditions with different approaches will be presented and further analysis on impact of the selected approaches on the final impeller design results will be discussed.

A Supercritical CO2 Gas Turbine Power Cycle for Next-Generation Nuclear Reactors

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaclav Dostal ◽  
Michael J. Driscoll ◽  
Pavel Hejzlar ◽  
Neil E. Todreas
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Pinch Point ◽  
Good Efficiency

Although proposed more than 35 years ago, the use of supercritical CO2 as the working fluid in a closed circuit Brayton cycle has so far not been implemented in practice. Industrial experience in several other relevant applications has improved prospects, and its good efficiency at modest temperatures (e.g., ∼45% at 550°C) make this cycle attractive for a variety of advanced nuclear reactor concepts. The version described here is for a gas-cooled, modular fast reactor. In the proposed gas-cooled fast breeder reactor design of present interest, CO2 is also especially attractive because it allows the use of metal fuel and core structures. The principal advantage of a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle is its reduced compression work compared to an ideal gas such as helium: about 15% of gross power turbine output vs. 40% or so. This also permits the simplification of use of a single compressor stage without intercooling. The requisite high pressure (∼20 MPa) also has the benefit of more compact heat exchangers and turbines. Finally, CO2 requires significantly fewer turbine stages than He, its principal competitor for nuclear gas turbine service. One disadvantage of CO2 in a direct cycle application is the production of N-16, which will require turbine plant shielding (albeit much less than in a BWR). The cycle efficiency is also very sensitive to recuperator effectiveness and compressor inlet temperature. It was found necessary to split the recuperator into separate high- and low-temperature components, and to employ intermediate recompression, to avoid having a pinch-point in the cold end of the recuperator. Over the past several decades developments have taken place that make the acceptance of supercritical CO2 systems more likely: supercritical CO2 pipelines are in use in the western US in oil-recovery operations; 14 advanced gas-cooled reactors (AGR) are employed in the UK at CO2 temperatures up to 650°C; and utilities now have experience with Rankine cycle power plants at pressures as high as 25 MPa. Furthermore, CO2 is the subject of R&D as the working fluid in schemes to sequester CO2 from fossil fuel combustion and for refrigeration service as a replacement for CFCs.

Preliminary Experimental Study of Precooler in Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungjoon Baik ◽  
Seong Gu Kim ◽  
Seong Jun Bae ◽  
Yoonhan Ahn ◽  
Jekyoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Compressor Inlet ◽  
House Design

The supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton power conversion cycle has been receiving worldwide attention because of high thermal efficiency due to relatively low compression work near the critical point (30.98°C, 7.38MPa) of CO2. The S-CO2 Brayton cycle can achieve high efficiency with simple cycle configuration at moderate turbine inlet temperature (450∼650°C) and relatively high density of S-CO2 makes possible to design compact power conversion cycle. In order to achieve compact cycle layout, a highly compact heat exchanger such as printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) is widely used. Since, the cycle thermal efficiency is a strong function of the compressor inlet temperature in the S-CO2 power cycle, the research team at KAIST is focusing on the thermal hydraulic performance of the PCHE as a precooler. The investigation was performed by first developing a PCHE in-house design code named KAIST-HXD. This was followed by constructing the designed PCHE and testing it in the KAIST experimental facility, S-CO2PE. The test results of the PCHE were compared to the test results of a shell and tube type heat exchanger as well.

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