Automated Combustor Preliminary Design Using Tools of Different Fidelity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Angersbach ◽  
Dieter Bestle ◽  
Ruud Eggels
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Geometry Model ◽  
3D Geometry

The design of a modern aero-engine combustor is a highly complex and multi-disciplinary task. The combustor design is strongly driven by severe emission regulations and ACARE 2020/2050 goals. Furthermore, new designs have to be developed within short turn-around times. This paper describes a novel approach of an automated preliminary aero-thermal design process of a rich-burn combustor combining 1D, 2D and 3D design tools in order to speed up the design loop and provide improved combustor designs in an early design stage. The automated design process includes a knowledge-based preliminary design tool, an 1D network solver, a parametric 3D geometry model, a meshing tool, and 3D-CFD analysis. At first, a preliminary combustor design is created based on industrial in-house design rules. The preliminary design tool provides a 2D geometry model and cooling layout. It is coupled with an 1D network solver to calculate the air distribution inside the combustor. The design process includes two state-of-the-art combustor cooling schemes, effusion cooling and impingement effusion cooling. An air flow model for both cooling schemes is created within the network, respectively. The computed air distribution is subsequently used to generate boundary conditions for a 3D-CFD analysis. To perform the CFD calculations, a parametric 3D geometry model of a combustor sector has been developed based on a 2D preliminary design which takes into account mixing port properties, fuel injector, and combustor wall cooling. After an automated meshing 3D-CFD computations are performed. As a result, quick automatic estimation of combustor emissions, size and efficiency can be obtained within the design process. A CFD parameter study of a mixing port variation and their effect on the emissions of NOx and soot is performed using the described layout process.

scholarly journals FEM Based Preliminary Design Optimization in Case of Large Power Transformers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Orosz ◽  
David Pánek ◽  
Pavel Karban
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Transformer Design

Since large power transformers are custom-made, and their design process is a labor-intensive task, their design process is split into different parts. In tendering, the price calculation is based on the preliminary design of the transformer. Due to the complexity of this task, it belongs to the most general branch of discrete, non-linear mathematical optimization problems. Most of the published algorithms are using a copper filling factor based winding model to calculate the main dimensions of the transformer during this first, preliminary design step. Therefore, these cost optimization methods are not considering the detailed winding layout and the conductor dimensions. However, the knowledge of the exact conductor dimensions is essential to calculate the thermal behaviour of the windings and make a more accurate stray loss calculation. The paper presents a novel, evolutionary algorithm-based transformer optimization method which can determine the optimal conductor shape for the windings during this examined preliminary design stage. The accuracy of the presented FEM method was tested on an existing transformer design. Then the results of the proposed optimization method have been compared with a validated transformer design optimization algorithm.

scholarly journals A zonal safety analysis methodology for preliminary aircraft systems and structural design

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (1255) ◽  
pp. 1330-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chen ◽  
J. P. Fielding
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Fault Tree Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Safety Analysis ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Preliminary Design

ABSTRACTZonal Safety Analysis (ZSA) is a major part of the civil aircraft safety assessment process described in Aerospace Recommended Practice 4761 (ARP4761). It considers safety effects that systems/items installed in the same zone (i.e. a defined area within the aircraft body) may have on each other. Although the ZSA may be conducted at any design stage, it would be most cost-effective to do it during preliminary design, due to the greater opportunity for influence on system and structural designs and architecture. The existing ZSA methodology of ARP4761 was analysed, but it was found to be more suitable for detail design rather than preliminary design. The authors therefore developed a methodology that would be more suitable for preliminary design and named it the Preliminary Zonal Safety Analysis (PZSA). This new methodology was verified by means of the use of a case study, based on the NASA N3-X project. Several lessons were learnt from the case study, leading to refinement of the proposed method. These lessons included focusing on the positional layout of major components for the zonal safety inspection, and using the Functional Hazard Analysis (FHA)/Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) to identify system external failure modes. The resulting PZSA needs further refinement, but should prove to be a useful design tool for the preliminary design process.

scholarly journals Geometric modeling and development of custom libraries in the design of engineering facilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Elena Sergeevna Reshetnikova ◽  
Irina Aleksandrovna Savelyeva ◽  
Ekaterina Anatolyevna Svistunova
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Geometric Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Design Documentation

The subject of research is the process of designing a conveyor belt. The authors consider parameterization in geometric modeling of parts and components of equipment and the creation of custom libraries in Compass 3D as a means of reducing the complexity and improving the quality of the design process. The preliminary design is the design stage of the development of design documentation and aims to determine the fundamental design solutions for a general idea of the device, operating principles and dimensions of the product. It is advisable to develop a preliminary design before the stage of developing a technical project and creating design documentation. Today, at all stages of work on the project, modern computer-aided design (CAD) systems are used, which not only accelerate the design process, but also make it possible to demonstrate to the customer the finished project at the stage of making technical decisions. This allows making timely changes in accordance with the requirements of the customer and to carry out high-quality preparation of the project for its implementation. The volume and time for further stages of work depend on the timing of the presentation of the preliminary design, therefore, the use of three-dimensional modeling parametrization in CAD is an effective way for designing engineering objects. Parameterization when working with 3D models allows you to get a set of typical product designs based on a once-created model by changing the set values of the variables, which significantly reduces the time spent on the project.

Turbine Blade Thermal Design Process Enhancements for Increased Firing Temperatures and Reduced Coolant Flow

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kru¨ckels ◽  
T. Arzel ◽  
T. R. Kingston ◽  
M. Schnieder
Keyword(s):  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Design Process ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Turbine Blade Cooling

A successful implementation of a cooled turbine blade design for a heavy duty gas turbine engine is a technology challenge that requires a stringent engineering approach. The increased spread of hot gas versus metal temperature, the flatter temperature profiles for reduced emissions and the aerodynamic 3D-profile shape requirement and all at a reduced cooling air consumption place the specification of a new turbine blade, that is put forward to the aerothermal engineers, as a technical challenge. It is also desired to reduce the available development time to be able to introduce new technology features faster into the market. The paper aims to demonstrate turbine blade cooling and heat transfer design process enhancements that allow: increased thermal predictability, increased capturing of three dimensional effects and reduced engineering development cycle time from initial design to full engine validation. Selected items will be shown for demonstration. One example is the use of symmetry and parameterization to move CFD from an analysis tool into an available design tool to capture effects as rotation or three-dimensionality. Another example is the use of heat sinks within a finite element model to represent individual cooling holes instead of hole geometry.

scholarly journals FEM Based Preliminary Design Optimization in Case of Large Power Transformers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1361
Author(s):  
Tamás Orosz ◽  
David Pánek ◽  
Pavel Karban
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Transformer Design

Since large power transformers are custom-made, and their design process is a labor-intensive task, their design process is split into different parts. In tendering, the price calculation is based on the preliminary design of the transformer. Due to the complexity of this task, it belongs to the most general branch of discrete, non-linear mathematical optimization problems. Most of the published algorithms are using a copper filling factor based winding model to calculate the main dimensions of the transformer during this first, preliminary design step. Therefore, these cost optimization methods are not considering the detailed winding layout and the conductor dimensions. However, the knowledge of the exact conductor dimensions is essential to calculate the thermal behaviour of the windings and make a more accurate stray loss calculation. The paper presents a novel, evolutionary algorithm-based transformer optimization method which can determine the optimal conductor shape for the windings during this examined preliminary design stage. The accuracy of the presented FEM method was tested on an existing transformer design. Then the results of the proposed optimization method have been compared with a validated transformer design optimization algorithm.

A Knowledge-Based Approach to Preliminary Design of Structures

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fleming ◽  
E. Elghadamsi ◽  
M. Tanik
Keyword(s):  
Design Tool ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Preliminary Design Stage ◽  
Design Loads ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Optimum Solution ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

Computers have been used extensively for the analysis, detailed design and drawing production of structures. However, they have not been utilized effectively in the preliminary design stage. During this stage, the structural framing schemes that are likely to offer an optimum solution for the given design constraints are identified. Once an appropriate framing scheme is selected, an analytical model which requires initial member sizes is developed to investigate the behavior and performance of the structure under the design loads. An engineer may have to perform an approximate analysis to select the preliminary member sizes; however, experienced engineers may be able to make a reasonable estimate of the required sizes using their past experience with similar structures. A prototype computer-based design tool that utilizes past engineering experience for selecting initial member sizes of structures has been developed and is described in this paper. This tool is applicable to the design of various types of structures through the use of knowledge base techniques.

Adaptive Preliminary-Design Workflow for Aero Engine Secondary Air System Cavities With an Application Case of Windage and Heat Transfer in a Rotor-Stator Cavity With Axial Through Flow

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Wildow ◽  
Hubert Dengg ◽  
Klaus Höschler ◽  
Jonathan Sommerfeld
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Geometry Model ◽  
Through Flow ◽  
Air System ◽  
Secondary Air ◽  
The Impact

At the preliminary design stage of the engine design process, the behaviour and efficiency of different engine designs are investigated and evaluated in order to find a best matching design for a set of engine objectives and requirements. The prediction of critical part temperatures as well as the reduction of the uncertainty of these predictions is decisive to bid a competitive technology in aerospace technology. Automated workflows and Design of Experiments (DOE) are widely used to investigate large number of designs and to find an optimized solution. Nowadays, technological progress in computational power as well as new strategies for data handling and management enables the implementation of large DOEs and multi-objective optimizations in less time, which also allows the consideration of more detailed investigations in early design stages. This paper describes an approach for a preliminary-design workflow that implements adaptive modelling and evaluation methods for cavities in the secondary air system (SAS). The starting point for the workflow is a parametric geometry model defining the rotating and static components. The flow network within the SAS is automatically recognized and CFD and Thermal-FE models are automatically generated using a library of generic models. Adaptive evaluation algorithms are developed and used to predict values for structural, air system and thermal behaviour. Furthermore, these models and evaluation techniques can be implemented in a DOE to investigate the impact of design parameters on the predicted values. The findings from the automated studies can be used to enhance the boundary conditions of actual design models in later design stages. A design investigation on a rotor-stator cavity with axial through flow has been undertaken using the proposed workflow to extract windage, flow field and heat transfer information from adiabatic CFD calculations for use in thermal modelling. A DOE has been set up to conduct a sensitivity analysis of the flow field properties and to identify the impact of the design parameters. Additionally, impacts on the distribution of the flow field parameters along the rotating surface are recognized, which offers a better prediction for local effects in the thermal FE model.

scholarly journals Generating minimal Pareto sets in multi-objective topology optimisation: an application to the wing box structural layout

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Crescenti ◽  
Timoleon Kipouros ◽  
David J. Munk ◽  
Mark A. Savill
Keyword(s):  
Computational Cost ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Topology Optimisation ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Pareto Sets ◽  
Wing Box

Abstract Multi-objective topology optimisation problems are often tackled by compromising the cost functions according to the designer’s knowledge. Such an approach however has clear limitations and usually requires information which especially at the preliminary design stage could be unavailable. This paper proposes an alternative multi-objective approach for the generation of minimal Pareto sets in combination with density-based topology optimisation. Optimised solutions are generated integrating a recently revised method for a posteriori articulation of preferences with the Method of Moving Asymptotes. The methodology is first tested on an academic two-dimensional structure and eventually employed to optimise a full-scale aerospace structure with the support of the commercial software Altair OptiStructⓇ. For the academic benchmark, the optimised layouts with respect to static and dynamic objectives are visualised on the Pareto frontier and reported with the corresponding density distribution. Results show a progressive and consistent transition between the two extreme single-objective layouts and confirm that the minimum number of evaluations was required to fill the smart Pareto front. The multi-objective strategy is then coupled with Altair OptiStruct and used to optimise a full-scale wing box, with the clear purpose to fill a gap in multi-objective topology optimisation applied to the wing primary structure. The proposed methodology proved that it can generate efficiently non-dominated optimised configurations, at a computational cost that is mainly driven by the model complexity. This strategy is particularly indicated for the preliminary design phase, as it releases the designer from the burden to assign preferences. Furthermore, the ease of integration into a commercial design tool makes it available for industrial applications.

CFD Analysis of Gas-Insulated Transformers

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Lee ◽  
S. S. Seol ◽  
I. S. Park ◽  
J. H. Kim ◽  
S. B. Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Loss Of Coolant ◽  
Good Agreement

A thermal design of transformers has been performed using an empirical formula. In order to reduce the developing cost and time, CFD analysis is used in thermal design process for gas-insulated transformers. We calculated the pressure loss of coolant and the temperature rise of winding with empirical formulas and CFD analysis. Also, we constructed some real machines and compared the analytic results with the experimental data. The comparison shows a good agreement between the CFD calculations and experimental results.

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