An Experimental and Computational Analysis of Water Condensation Separator Within a Charge Air Cooler

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongyong Choi ◽  
Sridev Satpathy ◽  
John Hoard ◽  
Daniel Styles ◽  
Chih-Kuang Kuan
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Water Condensation ◽  
Air Cooler ◽  
Condensation Model

In recent years, many engine manufacturers have turned to downsizing and boosting of gasoline engines in order to meet the ever more stringent fuel economy and emissions regulations. With an increase in the number of turbocharged gasoline engines, solutions are required to manage knock under a range of operating conditions. The charge air cooler has been introduced to mitigate knock. Moreover, the engine is required to operate with spark retard and/or boost reduction to provide knock reduction leading to reduced fuel economy. Under some operating conditions water can condense in the charge air cooler (CAC). Corrugated plate separators have been widely used in gas-water separation and oil-water separation in many industries including marine diesel engines. However, this sort of separator has not been applied to gasoline engines in vehicles to separate the condensation in the charged air. In this paper, a 1-D condensation model to estimate the potential amount of water condensation and entrainment from the charge air coolers is presented. An approach to designing a unit to separate condensation in the flow from the charge air cooler while maintaining a low pressure drop is described. The design approach provides correlations of separator geometries versus separation and pressure drop performance. The study is developed using a 3-D computational model for analyzing charge air and condensation flow. The model results of the 1-D condensation model and the 3-D computational model have been validated by experiments on an engine-dynamometer based test cell. The set-up incorporates a 4 cylinder gasoline direct injection (GDI) turbocharged engine. An air-to-air charge air cooler is mounted under the engine. The intake air for the engine is supplied using a combustion air unit which enables the operators to control the temperature and humidity. Test conditions have been identified to demonstrate the phenomenon of CAC water condensation. Measurements of water condensation and motion through the system confirm the results of models. A separator has been designed that achieves high separation efficiency and low pressure drop.

scholarly journals TO THE COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF FUEL ECONOMY OF THE BTR-70 CAR WITH DIFFERENT TRANSMISSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (50) ◽  
pp. 198-209
Author(s):  
Sakhno V ◽  
◽  
Dykich O ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Steady Motion ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Gasoline Engines

The article considers the issue of choosing a gearbox for the modernization of the BTR-70 by replacing two gasoline engines with two diesels. The object of research is the fuel economy of the BTR-70 car with different gearboxes when replacing two gasoline engines with two diesels. The purpose of the work – to determine the type and gear ratio of the transmission, which provides the best fuel efficiency of the car. Research method - mathematical modeling. When replacing a gasoline engine with a diesel of a different power and a different speed range, it is necessary to determine the gear ratio so as to provide the car with the required level of speed properties in the specified operating conditions with minimal fuel consumption. Due to the fact that the modernization of the BTR-70 involves the replacement of the engine and transmission, the further search for the gearbox was carried out on the basis of analysis of existing structures by the maximum torque of the engine. A five-speed and eight-speed MAZ gearbox and a six-speed Mercedes-Benz G 85-6 / 6.7 gearbox were used for analysis. Taking into account the fact that at a given coefficient of drag  = 0.03 the car can move only in direct gear, then for all gearboxes the fuel characteristics of steady motion will be the same as the control fuel consumption, which was 30 l / 100 km. In terms of fuel consumption during the acceleration of the car and the average kilometer fuel consumption when driving on paved roads, preference should be given to a car with a Mercedes-Benz G 85-6 / 6,7 transmission and only when driving in difficult road conditions, preference should be given to the car with 8-speed MAZ-5335 transmission. KEY WORDS: CAR, ENGINE, FUEL ECONOMY, TRANSMISSION, GEAR RATING, SPEED, COMPARATIVE EVALUATION

scholarly journals Designing and studying operational parameters of hydrocyclone for oil – water separation

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Maryam Ibrahim Chasib ◽  
Raghad Fareed Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Split Ratio

This research presents the design procedure for liquid – liquid hydrocyclone to separate kerosene – water emulsion. It studies the effects of varying feed flow rate (6, 8, 10, and 12 l/min), inlet kerosene concentration (250, 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 ppm) , and split ratio (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9) on the outcomes; separation efficiency and pressure drop ratio . This study used factorial experimental design assisted with Minitab program to obtain the optimum operating conditions. It was shown that inlet concentration of 250 ppm, 12 l/min inlet flow rate, and 0.9 split ratio gave 94.78 % as maximum separation efficiency and 0.895 as minimum pressure drop ratio.

3-D Numerical Study of Turbulent Mixing of Intake Air and Exhaust Gas in a Low Pressure EGR System

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Teja Vithala ◽  
John Hoard ◽  
Dennis Assanis ◽  
Daniel Styles
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Turbulent Mixing ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Vortex Pairs ◽  
Side Pressure ◽  
Mixing Quality ◽  
Inlet Tube

A 3-D numerical study of turbulent mixing characteristics of air and exhaust gas in a low pressure EGR system (LP-EGR) has been performed under typical operating conditions. There are two objectives of this study. The first objective of the study is to understand and quantify the effects of following factors on mixing quality of exhaust gas and intake air: a) Rate of generation and dissipation of turbulence in the near mixing zone. b) Swirl induced due to formation of counter rotating vortex pairs (CVPs). c) Impingement of the EGR jet on the opposite wall of the intake manifold. The second objective of this study is to understand mixing quality with respect to pressure drop. Under typical conditions, on the low pressure side of the turbocharger, the pressure drop available to ensure required mass flow rate of EGR into the intake air is minimal. Hence, different EGR inlet configurations have been modeled to calculate the mixing quality along with the pressure drops. Some of configurations that have been studied are the effect of varying the diameter of EGR inlet tube, varying the insertion of EGR inlet tube into the intake air duct, angular injection, mixing elbow, multi-point EGR injection, EGR tube with multiple nozzles, venturi configuration, EGR flow control valve at EGR inlet etc. The above mixers have been compared by plotting respective mixing quality vs. EGR-side pressure drop and air-side pressure drop on a 3-D scatter plot at various operating conditions of the engine. One of the important conclusions of the study is that, in the range of operating conditions considered, a simple T-Junction like configuration, which generates maximum local turbulence and allows uninhibited formation and propagation of counter rotating vortex pairs, provides the best mixing quality with the least pressure drop.

Potential of a Low Pressure Drop Filter Concept for Direct Injection Gasoline Engines to Reduce Particulate Number Emission

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehide Shimoda ◽  
Yoshitaka Ito ◽  
Chika Saito ◽  
Takahiko Nakatani ◽  
Yukinari Shibagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Particulate Number

Flow Coefficient Evaluation of Poppet Valves Used in Reciprocating Compressors for LDPE

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo Giacomelli ◽  
Massimo Schiavone ◽  
Fabio Manfrone ◽  
Andrea Raggi
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Flow Coefficient ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
High Fatigue ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Poppet Valves

Poppet valves have been used for a long time for very high pressure reciprocating compressors, as for example in the case of Low Density Polyethylene. These applications are very critical because the final pressure can reach 350 MPa and the evaluation of the performance of the machines is strongly connected to the proper operation and performance of the valve itself. The arrangement of cylinders requires generally a certain compactness of valve to withstand high fatigue stresses, but at the same time pressure drop and operating life are very important. In recent years the reliability of the machines has been improving over and over and the customers’ needs are very stringent. Therefore the use of poppet valves has been extended to other cases. In general the mentioned applications are heavy duty services and the simulation of the valves require some coefficients to be used in the differential equations, able to describe the movement of plate/disk or poppet and the flow and related pressure drop through the valves. Such coefficients are often determined in an experimental way in order to have a simulation closer to the real operating conditions. For the flow coefficients it is also possible today to use theoretical programs capable of determining the needed values in a quick and economical way. Some investigations have been carried out to determine the values for certain geometries of poppet valves. The results of the theory have been compared with some experimental tests. The good agreement between the various methods indicates the most suitable procedure to be applied in order to have reliable data. The advantage is evident as the time necessary for the theoretical procedure is faster and less expensive. This is of significant importance at the time of the design and also in case of a need to provide timely technical support for the operating behavior of the valves. Particularly for LDPE, the optimization of all the parameters is strongly necessary. The fatigue stresses of cylinder heads and valve bodies have to match in fact with gas passage turbulence and pressure drop, added to the mechanical behavior of the poppet valve components.

Experimental and Analytical Investigations of a Low Pressure Model Turbine During Forced Response Excitation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Heinz ◽  
Markus Schatz ◽  
Michael V. Casey ◽  
Heinrich Stu¨er
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Timing Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Amplitude Distribution ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Forced Response ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Rotor Shaft ◽  
Aerodynamic Damping

To guarantee a faultless operation of a turbine it is necessary to know the dynamic performance of the machine especially during start-up and shut-down. In this paper the vibration behaviour of a low pressure model steam turbine which has been intentionally mistuned is investigated at the resonance point of an eigenfrequency crossing an engine order. Strain gauge measurements as well as tip timing analysis have been used, whereby a very good agreement is found between the methods. To enhance the interpretation of the data measured, an analytical mass-spring-model, which incorporates degrees of freedom for the blades as well as for the rotor shaft, is presented. The vibration amplitude varies strongly from blade to blade. This is caused by the mistuning parameters and the coupling through the rotor shaft. This circumferential blade amplitude distribution is investigated at different operating conditions. The results show an increasing aerodynamic coupling with increasing fluid density, which becomes visible in a changing circumferential blade amplitude distribution. Furthermore the blade amplitudes rise non-linearly with increasing flow velocity, while the amplitude distribution is almost independent. Additionally, the mechanical and aerodynamic damping parameters are calculated by means of a non-linear regression method. Based on measurements at different density conditions, it is possible to extrapolate the damping parameters down to vacuum conditions, where aerodynamic damping is absent. Hence the material damping parameter can be determined.

Tumble Flow Measurements Using Three Different Methods and Its Effects on Fuel Economy and Emissions

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myoungjin Kim ◽  
Sihun Lee ◽  
Wootae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Dynamometer Test

In-cylinder flows such as tumble and swirl have an important role on the engine combustion efficiencies and emission formations. In particular, the tumble flow, which is dominant in-cylinder flow in current high performance gasoline engines, has an important effect on the fuel consumptions and exhaust emissions under part load conditions. Therefore, it is important to know the effect of the tumble ratio on the part load performance and optimize the tumble ratio of a gasoline engine for better fuel economy and exhaust emissions. First step in optimizing a tumble flow is to measure a tumble ratio accurately. In this research the tumble flow was measured, compared and correlated using three different measurement methods: steady flow rig, 2-Dimensional PIV, and 3-Dimensional PTV. Engine dynamometer test was performed to find out the effect of the tumble ratio on the part load performance. Dynamometer test results of high tumble ratio engine showed faster combustion speed, retarded MBT timing, higher exhaust emissions, and a better lean burn combustion stability. Lean limit of the baseline engine was expanded from A/F=18:1 to A/F=21:1 by increasing a tumble ratio using MTV.

Transport Characteristics of a Multi-Species Slurry in a Horizontal Pipeline

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Skudarnov ◽  
H. J. Kang ◽  
C. X. Lin ◽  
M. A. Ebadian ◽  
P. W. Gibbons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Deposition Velocity ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Slurry Flow ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Waste Transfer ◽  
High Level ◽  
Slurry Transport

Abstract In the course of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) tank waste retrieval, immobilization, and disposal activities, high-level waste transfer lines have the potential to become plugged. In response to DOE’s needs, Florida International University’s Hemispheric Center for Environmental Technology (FIU-HCET) is studying the mechanism and behavior of pipeline plugging to determine the pipeline operating conditions for safe slurry transport. Transport behavior of multi-species slurry has been studied in a 1-in O.D. pipeline flow loop. The slurry was a five-species mixture of Fe2O3, Al2O3, MnO2, Ni2O3, and SiO2, which simulated actual waste at the Savannah River DOE site. The relationship between the pressure drop in the straight horizontal sections of the flow loop and the mean slurry flow velocity was determined for two solids volume concentrations of 5.2 and 7.8%. Critical deposition velocity was measured from visual observations. An existing empirical model that predicts the pressure gradient for a single-species slurry flow in a horizontal pipeline was used to describe the pressure drop data.

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