Decommissioning Cost Calculation Code Based on Proposed Standardised List of Items for Costing Purposes With Integrated Material and Radioactivity Flow Control and Integrated Cost Allocating System

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Danisˇka ◽  
Ivan Rehak ◽  
Marek Vasko ◽  
Jozef Pritrsky ◽  
Peter Bezak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
On Line ◽  
Integrated Cost ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Calculation Code

In 1999 was issued commonly by EC, IAEA and OECD the document “A Proposed Standardised List of Items for Costing Purposes in the Decommissioning of Nuclear Installations” (PSL). The main aim of this document was to establish a standard platform for structure of presented decommissioning costs. The decommissioning costs calculated in various projects have in general different structure and for presenting the decommissioning costs in PSL structure, additional recalculation or rearrangement of data are needed. This can increase the uncertainty of data or it is not sure if they really reflect the cost defined in the PSL structure. The paper describes a newly developed cost calculation code, which respect the PSL structure. The calculated costs data are compatible with the standardised structure. The code is intended to use for decommissioning planning of a NPP with a non-standard radiological situation, shutdown after an accident For this purpose the code has an integrated material and radionuclide resolved radioactivity flow control system in calculation process which enables a direct calculation link between the input material and radiological inventory data and the calculated costs and other decommissioning parameters for increasing the accuracy of calculated data. The code has an integrated cost allocating system for generating of user defined working breakdown structure of the decommissioning project with allocated costs calculated in PSL structure. The working breakdown structure can be on-line optimised using the standard Microsoft Office Project Planning tool software.

Decommissioning Costing Approach Based on the Standardised List of Costing Items: Lessons Learnt by the OMEGA Computer Code

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimi´r Danisˇka ◽  
Ivan Reha´k ◽  
Marek Vasˇko ◽  
Frantisˇek Ondra ◽  
Peter Beza´k ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Code ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Cost Data ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Cost Structures ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
On Line ◽  
Systematic List ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost

The document “A Proposed Standardised List of Items for Costing Purposes” [1] was issues in 1999 by OECD/NEA, IAEA and European Commission (EC) for promoting the harmonisation in decommissioning costing. It is a systematic list of decommissioning activities classified in chapters 01 to 11 with three numbered levels. Four cost groups are defined for cost at each level. Document constitutes the standardised matrix of decommissioning activities and cost groups with definition of content of items. Knowing what is behind the items makes the comparison of cost for decommissioning projects transparent. Two approaches are identified for use of the standardised cost structure. First approach converts the cost data from existing specific cost structures into the standardised cost structure for the purpose of cost presentation. Second approach uses the standardised cost structure as the base for the cost calculation structure; the calculated cost data are formatted in the standardised cost format directly; several additional advantages may be identified in this approach. The paper presents the costing methodology based on the standardised cost structure and lessons learnt from last ten years of the implementation of the standardised cost structure as the cost calculation structure in the computer code OMEGA. Code include also on-line management of decommissioning waste, decay of radioactivity, evaluation of exposure, generation and optimisation of the of the Gantt chart of a decommissioning project, which makes the OMEGA code an effective tool for planning and optimisation of decommissioning processes.

STUDY ON THE PROCESS OF RAPESEED HULLING BY THE IMPACT

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.О. РЕНЗЯЕВ ◽  
О.П. РЕНЗЯЕВ ◽  
С.Н. КРАВЧЕНКО ◽  
Р.В. КРЮК
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Исследованы прочностные и физико-механические свойства оболочки рапса с точки зрения ее разрушения и удаления. Установлено, что наиболее рациональным является двухстадийный способ обрушивания: 1-я стадия – на вальцовых мельницах, 2-я – на центробежной обрушивающей машине. Определены параметры центробежной обрушивающей машины для обеспечения минимальной необходимой линейной скорости 10,81 м/с: угол наклона отбойной пластины (90 ± 2)°, частота вращения барабана (2400 ± 150) об/мин. Установлено, что правильно подобранные условия и угол, под которым происходит удар, позволяют значительно снизить количество не до конца обрушенного семени и содержание расколотого ядра. При этом при свободном ударе об отбойную пластину под углом, отличным от 88–91°, или подаче недостаточно равномерного потока семян значительно увеличивается содержание необрушенных семян. На разрушение 1 кг семян необходимо затратить 58,45 Дж. Таким образом, по расчетным данным, для семян рапса диаметром 1,5 мм частота вращения барабана должна находиться в диапазоне от 2221 до 2565 об/мин при ударе семени под углом 90°. Диаметр семян рапса, выращиваемого в Сибирском регионе, составляет от 0,8 до 1,8 мм. Установлено, что подсушивание семян рапса в течение 30–40 с при температуре 100°С позволяет увеличить эффективность разрушения оболочки до полного ее отделения от ядра рапса. Представленные результаты позволяют повысить качество очистки семян рапса от оболочки и улучшить качественные характеристики получаемого масла, облегчить последующие технологические процессы получения пищевого масла, снизить затраты на рафинацию и дезодорацию на 2%. The strength and physico-mechanical properties of the shell of rapeseed in terms of its destruction and removal are investigated. It is established that the most rational is a two-stage method of seed hulling: the 1st stage – on roller mills, the 2nd – on a centrifugal hulling machine. The parameters of the centrifugal hulling machine to provide the minimum required linear speed of 10,81 m/s are defined: the angle of inclination of the turnback plate (90 ± 2)°, the rotational speed of drum (2400 ± 150) RPM. It is established that the correctly selected conditions and the angle at which the impact occurs, can significantly reduce the amount is not completely hulling seed and the substance of the split nucleus. At the same time, with a free impact on the turnback plate at an angle different from 88–91°, or the supply of an insufficiently uniform flow of seeds, the content is not completely hulling seed increases significantly. On hulling of 1 kg of seeds it is necessary to spend 58,45 J. Thus, according to the calculated data, for rape seeds with a diameter of 1,5 mm, the rotational speed of drum should be in the range from 2221 to 2565 RPM when the seed is struck at an angle of 90°. The diameter of rapeseed grown in the Siberian region ranges from 0,8 to 1,8 mm. It was found that drying of rapeseed for 30–40 s at a temperature of 100°C, can increase the efficiency of destruction of the shell to its complete separation from the core of rapeseed. The presented results make it possible to improve the quality of cleaning of rape seeds from the shell and improve the quality characteristics of the obtained oil, facilitate the subsequent technological processes of obtaining edible oil, reduce the cost of refining and deodorization by 2%.

Influence of inter-organizational relations on methods of calculating the cost of production of agricultural organizations

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Alekseevna Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Interorganizational Cooperation ◽  
Organizational Relations ◽  
Interorganizational Management ◽  
Calculation System ◽  
Analytical System ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Organizational Cooperation

The author’s definition of inter-organizational cooperation, interorganizational management accounting and inter-organizational accounting and analytical system and cost calculation system in the framework of inter-organizational relations is given in the article on the basis of theoretical analysis. The features of calculating the cost of interorganizational cooperation are defined, new accounting practices are described, the advantages of implementing this type of accounting are identified, and possible problem areas are identified.

N and P on-line meters: requirements, maintenance and stability

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik A. Thomsen ◽  
Kenneth Kisbye
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
List Price ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Preparation Design

State-of-the-art on-line meters for determination of ammonium, nitrate and phosphate are presented. The on-line meters employ different measuring principles and are available in many different designs differing with respect to size, calibration and cleaning principle, user-friendliness, response time, reagent and sample consumption. A study of Danish experiences on several plants has been conducted. The list price of an on-line meter is between USD 8000 and USD 35,000. To this should be added the cost of sample preparation, design, installation and running-in. The yearly operating for one meter are in the range of USD 200-2500 and the manpower consumption is in the range of 1-5 hours/month. The accuracy obtained is only slightly smaller than the accuracy on collaborative laboratory analyses, which is sufficient for most control purposes.

scholarly journals Variations in cost calculations in spine surgery cost-effectiveness research

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. E1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Alvin ◽  
Jacob A. Miller ◽  
Daniel Lubelski ◽  
Benjamin P. Rosenbaum ◽  
Kalil G. Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Effectiveness Research ◽  
Reimbursement System ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Effectiveness Studies

Object Cost-effectiveness research in spine surgery has been a prominent focus over the last decade. However, there has yet to be a standardized method developed for calculation of costs in such studies. This lack of a standardized costing methodology may lead to conflicting conclusions on the cost-effectiveness of an intervention for a specific diagnosis. The primary objective of this study was to systematically review all cost-effectiveness studies published on spine surgery and compare and contrast various costing methodologies used. Methods The authors performed a systematic review of the cost-effectiveness literature related to spine surgery. All cost-effectiveness analyses pertaining to spine surgery were identified using the cost-effectiveness analysis registry database of the Tufts Medical Center Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy, and the MEDLINE database. Each article was reviewed to determine the study subject, methodology, and results. Data were collected from each study, including costs, interventions, cost calculation method, perspective of cost calculation, and definitions of direct and indirect costs if available. Results Thirty-seven cost-effectiveness studies on spine surgery were included in the present study. Twenty-seven (73%) of the studies involved the lumbar spine and the remaining 10 (27%) involved the cervical spine. Of the 37 studies, 13 (35%) used Medicare reimbursements, 12 (32%) used a case-costing database, 3 (8%) used cost-to-charge ratios (CCRs), 2 (5%) used a combination of Medicare reimbursements and CCRs, 3 (8%) used the United Kingdom National Health Service reimbursement system, 2 (5%) used a Dutch reimbursement system, 1 (3%) used the United Kingdom Department of Health data, and 1 (3%) used the Tricare Military Reimbursement system. Nineteen (51%) studies completed their cost analysis from the societal perspective, 11 (30%) from the hospital perspective, and 7 (19%) from the payer perspective. Of those studies with a societal perspective, 14 (38%) reported actual indirect costs. Conclusions Changes in cost have a direct impact on the value equation for concluding whether an intervention is cost-effective. It is essential to develop a standardized, accurate means of calculating costs. Comparability and transparency are essential, such that studies can be compared properly and policy makers can be appropriately informed when making decisions for our health care system based on the results of these studies.

scholarly journals Primary Research of the Advantages and the Cost Control of the ABC & EVA Integrated System

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Haibo Hu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Integrated Cost ◽  
The Cost

The integrated product of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) and Economic Value Added (EVA) is the ABC & EVA system, i.e. the integrated cost system. Traditional ABC method gives priority to the interior activity chain of enterprise to implement the cost analysis, but ignores the capital cost, so the cost accounting is not complete. The ABC & EVA system brings the capital cost into the cost management, which could not only open out the real economic value created by the cost objects, but extend the pure cost computation of ABC to the performance evaluation. Based on the principle of the ABC & EVA system, the enterprise cost control strategies under the integrated cost system are proposed.

scholarly journals Digital Governance of Moroccan School Establishments

2021 ◽  
pp. 348-355
Author(s):  
Abderrazak Mazouak ◽  
Malika Tridane ◽  
Said Belaaouad
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
First Results ◽  
On Line ◽  
The One ◽  
Traditional Paradigm ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of

Digital technologies have come to shake up the traditional paradigm of learning, and to change the existing relationship of "know-teaching" to put in place a key concept of the time is "to accompany through digital tools Our intervention is part of a technical-pedagogical approach and will focus on an action research work in which we will try:First, to present on line an accessible digital device that facilitates and organizes project planning and provides means to govern and control the quality of administrative acts.Next, We will show the first results of the experimentation of this tool in our context of research represented by 355 directors of the secondary schools of the provincial delegation of Taza. Morocco, pointing out all the constraints and limitations that hampered its implementation.Finally, we confirm that the use of this device by our sampling has caused a triple effect on their pedagogical practices: the professionalization of strategic planning on the one hand, and the governance of resources and the rationalization of pedagogical decisions on the other hand and immediate evaluation and regulation in the third phase.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF APPLYING BIM BASED COST ESTIMATION IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYAMSUDIN NOOR AIRPORT PROJECT BANJARMASIN

ASTONJADRO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Husnul Khatimi ◽  
Muhammad Reza Fardian ◽  
Yuslena Sari
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
List Price ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Report Result ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Steel Roof

<p>Development of The Syamsudin Noor Airport Project in Banjarmasin is one of the largest projects in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan. This project applied BIM-based cost estimation on a steel roof structure. However, the cost estimation for this steel roof structure is applied conventionally. The BIM-based cost estimation could have been applied in collaborating a building information becomes unity in one model. This research will raise the issue of applying BIM-based cost estimation at The Syamsudin Noor Airport Project to find out the effectiveness calculation of cost estimation conventionally and BIM-based cost estimation. The report result by 3D modeling of Tekla is quantity take-offs using as a data for processing the cost analysis conventionally. Whereas the 3D model made by Tekla will be exported to Revit through the interoperability of IFC or application of extention of Tekla warehouse that is “Export to Revit Geometry” for the processing the BIM-based cost estimation analysis. The unit price for the cost calculation is acquired by list price (AHSP or subcontractor value). The result of these both cost calculation, there are large enough difference in cost of these both calculations. Difference of conventional calculations and BIM-based cost estimation using Revit worth Rp 3,690,741,474 - Rp 5,047,206,780 with a percentage of 14% - 20%. Cause of these large enough differences in cost due to the model exported is only 90% succeeded. It happened due to difference thing in the mapping of object profile and difference in shape BREP geometry conditions.</p>

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