Euratom Research Framework Programme on Reactor Systems

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Deffrennes ◽  
Michel Hugon ◽  
Panagiotis Manolatos ◽  
Georges Van Goethem ◽  
Simon Webster
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fusion Energy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Framework Programme ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Framework Programmes ◽  
Energy Community

The activities of the European Commission (EC) in the field of nuclear energy are governed by the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM). The research activities of the European Union (EU) are designed as multi-annual Framework Programmes (FP). The EURATOM 6th Framework Programme (EURATOM FP-6), covering the period 2002–2006, is funded with a budget of 1, 230 million Euros and managed by the European Commission. Beyond the general strategic goal of the EURATOM Framework Programmes to help exploit the potential of nuclear energy, in a safe and sustainable manner, FP-6 is designed to contribute also to the development of the “European Research Area” (ERA), a concept described in the Commission’s Communication COM(2000)6, of January 2000. Moreover EURATOM FP-6 contributes to the creation of the conditions for sharing the same nuclear safety culture throughout the EU-25 and the Candidate Countries, fostering the acceptance of nuclear power as an element of the energy mix. This paper gives an overview of the research activities undertaken through EURATOM FP-6 in the area of Reactor Systems, covering the safety of present reactors, the development of future safe reactors, and the needs in terms of research infrastructures and education & training. The actions under FP-6 are presented in their continuity of a ctions under FP-5. The perspectives under FP-7 are also provided. Other parts of the EURATOM FP, covering Waste Handling and Radiation Protection, as well as Fusion Energy, are not detailed in this paper.

scholarly journals Relevance of the Court Decision on the Hinkley Point Nuclear Power Plant in Relation to Paks II

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Dóra Lovas
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
State Aid ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union

<p>The aim of the article is to present the ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the case of the Hinkley Point C nuclear power plant. This investment can also be related to the Paks II nuclear power plant investment, therefore the two investments are compared too. Both projects were examined by the European Commission, which take an important part when the national aid was awarded to Hinkley Point C and Paks II projects, and the decision of the CJEU also had influence on it. The author considers the European Commission’s aid conception positive, because the less developed countries are not forced to use only the renewables, but the environmental and security aspects of nuclear energy are also allowed (e.g. Hinkley Point C and Paks II nuclear power plants). The subsidy was allowed in both cases, but the reasons are different. In these cases, the limits of the EU energy politics can be seen, i.e. the right to select the package and the priority of the energy security and sustainable development. To mention an example for the difference, in Great Britain the energy sector was divided among the participants on the market but in Hungary the nuclear energy remained under state control. In the first option the state wanted to prove that it grants offset for the help to the general market services and in the second option the market investor principle was highlighted in order to show no other market participant act in other way. These points were not accepted, the state aid was provided both cases with permissible reasons because the projects condescend the goals of environmental policy and energy security. The decisions show that as a result of the efforts to protect the environment the dependency on energy increased and it cannot be solved only be encouraging the usage of the renewables. The permissive attitude of the European Commission can be found here and it is influenced by the increased state regulative roles. According to the author, it also appears in the environmentally friendly decisions which refers to the Paris Agreement’s fulfilment and the involvement of environmental requirements into politics. Moreover, the European Union tries to maintain its leader role in economics, which can be reached by the decrease of energy dependency and the exclusive usage of renewable energies is not the appropriate solution. The CJEU judgement is relevant in several respects. The article focuses primarily on the issue of environmental protection, state aid and the relation between the Euratom Treaty and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.</p>

scholarly journals Determinants of Sovereign Investment Protectionism: the Case of Bulgaria’s Nuclear Energy Sector

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-66
Author(s):  
Elena A. Iankova ◽  
Atanas G. Tzenev
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Foreign Governments ◽  
Owned Company

Foreign direct investment (FDI) by entities controlled by foreign governments (especially state-owned enterprises) is a new global phenomenon that is most often linked to the rise of emerging markets such as China and Russia. Host governments have struggled to properly react to this type of investment activity especially in key strategic sectors and critical infrastructure that ultimately raise questions of national security. Academic research on sovereign investment as a factor contributing to the new global protectionist trend is very limited, and predominantly focused on sovereign investors from China. This study explores the specifics of Russian sovereign investment in the former Soviet Bloc countries, now members of the European Union, especially in strategic sectors such as energy. We use the case of Bulgaria’s nuclear energy sector and the involvement of Russia’s state-owned company Rosatom in the halted Belene nuclear power plant project to analyze the dynamics of policy and politics, political-economic ideologies and historical legacies in the formation of national stances towards Russia as a sovereign investor. Our research contributes to the emerging literature on FDI protectionism and sovereign investment by emphasizing the significance of political-ideological divides and the heritage of the past as determinants of sovereign investment protectionism.

scholarly journals Euratom success stories in facilitating pan-European education and training collaborative efforts

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Roger Garbil
Keyword(s):  
Critical Mass ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Research Infrastructures ◽  
Framework Programmes ◽  
Results Management ◽  
Collaborative Efforts ◽  
And Training

The European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Research and Training framework programmes are benefitting from a consistent success in pursuing excellence in research and facilitating Pan European collaborative efforts across a broad range of nuclear science and technologies, nuclear fission and radiation protection. To fulfil Euratom R&D programmes key objectives of maintaining high levels of nuclear knowledge and building a more dynamic and competitive European industry, promotion of Pan-European mobility of researchers are implemented by co-financing transnational access to research infrastructures and joint research activities through Research and Innovation and Coordination and Support Actions' funding schemes. Establishment by the research community of European technology platforms are being capitalised. Mapping of research infrastructures and E&T capabilities is allowing a closer cooperation within the European Union and beyond, benefiting from multilateral international agreements and from closer cooperation between Euratom, OECD/NEA, IAEA and international fora. ‘Euratom success stories' in facilitating Pan-European E&T collaborative efforts through Research and Training framework programmes show the benefits of research efforts in key fields, of building an effective ‘critical mass’ and implementing European MSc curricula, of promoting the creation of ‘Centre of Excellence’ with an increased support for ‘Open access to key research infrastructures’, exploitation of research results, management of knowledge, dissemination and sharing of learning outcomes.

scholarly journals EuCARD 2010 Accelerator Technology in Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-488
Author(s):  
Ryszard Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Particle Beam ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electronic Measurement ◽  
Rf Gun ◽  
Accelerator Technology

EuCARD 2010 Accelerator Technology in EuropeAccelerators are basic tools of the experimental physics of elementary particles, nuclear physics, light sources of the fourth generation. They are also used in myriad other applications in research, industry and medicine. For example, there are intensely developed transmutation techniques for nuclear waste from nuclear power and atomic industries. The European Union invests in the development of accelerator infrastructures inside the framework programs to build the European Research Area. The aim is to build new infrastructure, develop the existing, and generally make the infrastructure available to competent users. The paper summarizes the first year of activities of the EU FP7 Project Capacities EuCARD - European Coordination of Accelerator R&D. Several teams from this country participate actively in this project. The contribution from Polish research teams concerns: photonic and electronic measurement - control systems, RF-gun co-design, thin-film superconducting technology, superconducting transport infrastructures, photon and particle beam measurements and control.

scholarly journals EU Technology Platforms as a Tool to Ensure the Transport Infrastructure Competitiveness

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
Olena Sushchenko ◽  
◽  
Volodymyr Yermachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Technology Platforms ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Eu

The article describes the capabilities and features of the European Union technology platforms using in ensuring the Ukraine's transport infrastructure competitiveness. The purpose of the article is to study and systematize the European experience in the functioning of EU technology platforms and identify areas for their use to ensure the Ukraine's transport infrastructure competitiveness. The functioning of technology platforms makes it possible to ensure the coordinated use of public and private resources for research activities in various industries, including in the field of transport and transport infrastructure. European technology platforms define the thematic areas within which the EU's science and technology priorities are formulated. Their goal is to promote the creation of a European Research Area by focusing the researchers’ efforts at both European and national levels. The most important goal of the technology platforms creating is the innovations and science-intensive technologies development of higher technological mode. EU technology platforms have significant resource, scientific, and technical potential, the use of which will significantly increase the transport industry and transport infrastructure competitiveness level. The expediency of the EU technological platforms using as a current tool for the economy sectors and industries innovative development is grounded. The components and main tasks of the technology platforms functioning are determined; a standard algorithm of the technology platforms formation and operation is presented. The three-phase process of the EU technology platforms activity is presented. The possibilities of ensuring and increasing the transport infrastructure competitiveness by using the EU technology platforms' resource and communication potential are shown.

Research and Development in European Union Politics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Quadrio Curzio ◽  
Alberto Silvani
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Framework Programme ◽  
European Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
New Framework

The European Union (EU) research policy was founded on the idea of cooperation among countries after the end of World War II, and consequently it has been influenced in increments. But it also has advantages because of its specificity. So the EU becomes not just the simple sum of all the member states’ contributions but something different, based on a variety of scales and actors, including a vision (and sometimes a mission). This is the reason why the research policy should be examined both in its evolution as such and in light of the relevant steps considered crucial for the development. At least three possible approaches are feasible: (a) a sort of vertical reading in historical development; (b) the attention paid to the terminologies used or to the glossary; (c) the focus on keywords and their role in accompanying the choices, in particular the origin and the development of the European Research Area (ERA). The transition from the current Framework Programme Horizon 2020 (H2020) to the new one planned starting from 2021 (Horizon Europe) is a way to integrate the three approaches by analysing the contents in terms of novelties and continuity. The focus on the evolution of the relevance of ERA can be also considered as a way to illuminate the challenges facing European research policy. In fact, the demand for greater collaboration in European research is determined by the increased international competition and the growing role, as a driver, of innovation in society and the economy. This must be reflected in the choices the new Framework Programme must make.

scholarly journals Application of GIS in selection of location for construction of nuclear power plants in Serbia

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Nikola Ćorović ◽  
Uroš Durlević
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Weighting Coefficients ◽  
Selection Of

The use of nuclear energy in the world represents one of the main alternatives to fossil fuels. Significant greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion could be replaced by cleaner energy such as nuclear. In this paper, by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), available databases and Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the results in the selection of the location for the construction of nuclear power plants (NPP) in Serbia were obtained. The research area includes zones between large rivers (Danube, Sava, Tisa, Velika Morava) with an area of 8757.45 km². An analysis of natural (seismicity, geological background, hypsometry, slope of the terrain, distance from faults, ground cover, land use method) and anthropogenic conditions (distance from the state border, settlements, roads and railways) was carried out, with the elimination of protected areas from further research due to of its ecological significance. After multi-criteria analysis, weighting coefficients were assigned for each criterion using the AHP method. The results showed that 0.02% of the area is suitable, and 8.68% partially suitable for the construction of nuclear power plants. This paper provides an adequate overview of the most suitable locations for the use of nuclear energy, so that the obtained results can be applied in further research by national services in charge of nuclear sciences.

scholarly journals Forming the European Union Common External Energy Policy: Key Events and Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
O. Yudina
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Member States ◽  
Energy Union ◽  
Energy Community ◽  
The Eu

Received 08.05.2020. Energy has always been of particular importance to the European Union. Meanwhile, up to the beginning of the 21st century, this area had been in exclusive competence of member states, with timid attempts of the European Commission (EC) to receive part of the powers in the energy sphere. The article is devoted to the issues of the EU common external energy policy development that was accompanied by a dichotomy of interests between the member-states, which hardly like the idea of the energy sector communitarisation, and the European Commission, which has been the main driver of supranationalisation of the energy sphere for a long period of time. The author characterizes the main achievements towards the EU common external energy policy, including the law regarding the export of energy to neighboring non-member countries through various organizations, such as the Energy Community, the Eastern Partnership, MEDREG, and launching of the European Energy Union (EEU) in 2015. Special attention is paid to external factors that facilitated the enhancement of the European Commission’s role in the energy sphere. The new era for the EU common external energy policy started in 2015 with the EEU and energy security as one of its priority, partly due to the gas crises and political tension between the European Union and Russia. It is noted that the EEU has facilitated the adoption of some EC’s legal proposals that could not be adopted for a long time, such as the mechanism of consultations on new intergovernmental contracts. In general, the creation of the Energy Union should certainly be seen as strengthening the supranational energy competences of the European Commission. It is concluded that the European Commission has made a significant progress towards a common external energy policy, strongly supported by the public opinion that the European Union should speak one voice with third countries. Despite the lack of legally supported competencies in energy for the EC, it gained authority in different directions of the EU energy policy development. Under these circumstances, the common energy market that has led to energy interdependent of the member states, forces them to cooperate at a supranational level. The author argues that third countries should clearly understand the dynamic and processes of communitarisation of the energy sphere and adopt their cooperation with the European Union based on this knowledge.

scholarly journals EU-funded research on functional foods

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (S2) ◽  
pp. S131-S132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Lucas
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Framework Programme ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Funded Research ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Antioxidative Effects ◽  
Framework Programmes

Research on food and nutrition has been an important topic in all Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development of the European Commission. From the Second Framework Programme (ECU 2 million for four projects on functional foods) to the Fifth Framework Programme (€51 million for thirty-three projects on functional foods), the investment in research projects on functional foods has been increasing by quite an extent. In the early 1990s, the topics were fibres, pro-, pre- and synbiotics. Nowadays, the range of subjects has been broadened to antioxidative effects, vitamins, phyto-oestrogens and the socio-economic area.

scholarly journals Gas Cooled Fast Reactor Research and Development in the European Union

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stainsby ◽  
Karen Peers ◽  
Colin Mitchell ◽  
Christian Poette ◽  
Konstantin Mikityuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Reactor ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Framework Programme ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Closed Fuel Cycle ◽  
Gen Iv ◽  
Actinide Transmutation

Gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR) research is directed towards fulfilling the ambitious goals of Generation IV (Gen IV), that is, to develop a safe, sustainable, reliable, proliferation-resistant and economic nuclear energy system. The research is directed towards developing the GFR as an economic electricity generator, with good safety and sustainability characteristics. Fast reactors maximise the usefulness of uranium resources by breeding plutonium and can contribute to minimising both the quantity and radiotoxicity nuclear waste by actinide transmutation in a closed fuel cycle. Transmutation is particularly effective in the GFR core owing to its inherently hard neutron spectrum. Further, GFR is suitable for hydrogen production and process heat applications through its high core outlet temperature. As such GFR can inherit the non-electricity applications that will be developed for thermal high temperature reactors in a sustainable manner. The Euratom organisation provides a route by which researchers in all European states, and other non-European affiliates, can contribute to the Gen IV GFR system. This paper summarises the achievements of Euratom's research into the GFR system, starting with the 5th Framework programme (FP5) GCFR project in 2000, through FP6 (2005 to 2009) and looking ahead to the proposed activities within the 7th Framework Programme (FP7).

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