scholarly journals EuCARD 2010 Accelerator Technology in Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-488
Author(s):  
Ryszard Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Particle Beam ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electronic Measurement ◽  
Rf Gun ◽  
Accelerator Technology

EuCARD 2010 Accelerator Technology in EuropeAccelerators are basic tools of the experimental physics of elementary particles, nuclear physics, light sources of the fourth generation. They are also used in myriad other applications in research, industry and medicine. For example, there are intensely developed transmutation techniques for nuclear waste from nuclear power and atomic industries. The European Union invests in the development of accelerator infrastructures inside the framework programs to build the European Research Area. The aim is to build new infrastructure, develop the existing, and generally make the infrastructure available to competent users. The paper summarizes the first year of activities of the EU FP7 Project Capacities EuCARD - European Coordination of Accelerator R&D. Several teams from this country participate actively in this project. The contribution from Polish research teams concerns: photonic and electronic measurement - control systems, RF-gun co-design, thin-film superconducting technology, superconducting transport infrastructures, photon and particle beam measurements and control.

scholarly journals Plasma-based studies with intense X-ray and particle beam sources

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. LEE ◽  
H.A. BALDIS ◽  
R.C. CAUBLE ◽  
O.L. LANDEN ◽  
J.S. WARK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Pulse ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
Particle Beam ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Warm Dense Matter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dense Plasmas ◽  
State Densities ◽  
Nonideal Plasmas

The construction of short pulse (<200 fs) tunable X-ray laser sources based on the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) concept will be a watershed for plasma-based and warm dense matter research. These new fourth generation light sources will have extremely high fields and short wavelengths (∼0.1 nm) with peak spectral brightnesses 1010 greater than third generation sources. Further, the high intensity upgrade of the GSI accelerator facilities will lead to specific energy depositions up to 200 kJ/g and temperatures between 1 and 10 eV at almost solid-state densities, enabling interesting experiments in the regime of nonideal plasmas, such as the evolution of intense ion beams in the interior of a Jovian planet. Below we discuss several applications: the creation of warm dense matter (WDM) research, probing of near solid density plasmas, and laser–plasma spectroscopy of ions in plasmas. The study of dense plasmas has been severely hampered by the fact that laser-based methods have been unavailable and these new fourth generation sources will remove these restrictions.

Euratom Research Framework Programme on Reactor Systems

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Deffrennes ◽  
Michel Hugon ◽  
Panagiotis Manolatos ◽  
Georges Van Goethem ◽  
Simon Webster
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fusion Energy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Framework Programme ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Framework Programmes ◽  
Energy Community

The activities of the European Commission (EC) in the field of nuclear energy are governed by the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM). The research activities of the European Union (EU) are designed as multi-annual Framework Programmes (FP). The EURATOM 6th Framework Programme (EURATOM FP-6), covering the period 2002–2006, is funded with a budget of 1, 230 million Euros and managed by the European Commission. Beyond the general strategic goal of the EURATOM Framework Programmes to help exploit the potential of nuclear energy, in a safe and sustainable manner, FP-6 is designed to contribute also to the development of the “European Research Area” (ERA), a concept described in the Commission’s Communication COM(2000)6, of January 2000. Moreover EURATOM FP-6 contributes to the creation of the conditions for sharing the same nuclear safety culture throughout the EU-25 and the Candidate Countries, fostering the acceptance of nuclear power as an element of the energy mix. This paper gives an overview of the research activities undertaken through EURATOM FP-6 in the area of Reactor Systems, covering the safety of present reactors, the development of future safe reactors, and the needs in terms of research infrastructures and education & training. The actions under FP-6 are presented in their continuity of a ctions under FP-5. The perspectives under FP-7 are also provided. Other parts of the EURATOM FP, covering Waste Handling and Radiation Protection, as well as Fusion Energy, are not detailed in this paper.

Analysis Criteria for Choosing Energy Efficient High-Quality Light Sources and Luminaires

2018 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Gennady Ya. Vagin ◽  
Eugene B. Solntsev ◽  
Oleg Yu. Malafeev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
The World ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Energy Labelling

The article analyses critera applying to the choice of energy efficient high quality light sources and luminaires, which are used in Russian domestic and international practice. It is found that national standards GOST P 54993–2012 and GOST P 54992– 2012 contain outdated criteria for determining indices and classes of energy efficiency of light sources and luminaires. They are taken from the 1998 EU Directive #98/11/EU “Electric lamps”, in which LED light sources and discharge lamps of high intensity were not included. A new Regulation of the European Union #874/2012/EU on energy labelling of electric lamps and luminaires, in which these light sources are taken into consideration, contains a new technique of determining classes of energy efficiency and new, higher classes are added. The article has carried out a comparison of calculations of the energy efficiency classes in accordance with GOST P 54993 and with Regulation #874/2012/EU, and it is found out that a calculation using GOST P 54993 gives underrated energy efficiency classes. This can lead to interdiction of export for certain light sources and luminaires, can discredit Russian domestic manufacturer light sources and does not correspond to the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Environmental Protection Meets Security of Electricity Supply

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ilina Cenevska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Habitats Directive ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
National Energy Policy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract This case comment explores the relationship between two intertwined objectives – ensuring security of electricity supply and environmental protection – in the context of the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Inter-Environnement Wallonie ASBL and Bond Beter Leefmilieu Vlaanderen ASBL v. Conseil des ministres. The analysis focuses on the application of the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive and the Habitats Directive to the facts of the case, which concerns the extension by a ten-year period of the operation of two Belgian nuclear power stations (Doel 1 and Doel 2) as part of a national energy policy strategy to ensure the security of Belgium's electricity supply. The case comment also considers the legal and practical implications that arise as a result of employing the ‘security of electricity supply’ exemption to enable derogation from the requirements of the aforementioned Directives in circumstances where a Member State considers the security of its electricity supply to be under threat.

Metabolic Profiles of Lactobacillus paraplantarum in Biofilm and Planktonic States and Investigation of its Intestinal Modulation and Immunoregulation in Dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Shuyu Guo ◽  
Xing Chen ◽  
Shuhui Yang ◽  
Xi Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Lactobacillus Paraplantarum

The use of probiotics has recently become a considerably promising research area. The most advanced fourth-generation probiotics involve beneficial bacteria enclosed in biofilms. However, differences in the effects of probiotics...

The Association for Educational Assessment - Europe. An Agency for Accountability in Europe

CADMO ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Emma Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
European Union ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Educational Assessment ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Research Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
European Higher Education

- AEA-Europe was founded in 2000 with the main goals of improving communication among European institutions interested in educational and occupational assessment, and providing a framework within which co-operative research, development implementation and evaluation of projects involving educational assessment could be undertaken. After 10 years of successful activity, the Association has built a position that could allow it to become the protagonist of the EU's policy in the field of assessment, becoming a reference point for all its members, and playing a crucial role as an applicant for projects funded by the European Union. This article, dealing with research policy, describes the activity carried out by the Association since 2000, presents the EU's policy in research funding specifically applied to Tempus projects, and discusses how the Association could contribute to evaluation and accountability in the European Higher Education and Research Area.

Regulating European Clouds

2016 ◽  
pp. 42-60
Author(s):  
Szilvia Varadi
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The European Union ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Data Protection Directive ◽  
Set Up

Cloud Computing is a diverse research area that encompasses many aspects of sharing software and hardware solutions, including computing and storage resources, application runtimes or complex application functionalities. In the supply of any goods and services, the law gives certain rights that protect the consumer and provider, which also applies for Cloud Computing. This new technology also moves functions and responsibilities away from local ownership and management to a third-party provided service, and raises several legal issues, such as data protection, which require this service to comply with necessary regulation. In this chapter the author investigates the revised legislation of the European Union resulting in the General Data Protection Regulation, which will be used to set up the new European Data Protection Framework. The author gathers and summarizes the most relevant changes this regulation brings to the field of Clouds, and draws relations to the previous legislation called the Data Protection Directive currently in force.

scholarly journals Environmental Payback of Renovation Strategies in a Northern Climate—the Impact of Nuclear Power and Fossil Fuels in the Electricity Supply

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ramírez-Villegas ◽  
Ola Eriksson ◽  
Thomas Olofsson
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to assess how the use of fossil and nuclear power in different renovation scenarios affects the environmental impacts of a multi-family dwelling in Sweden, and how changes in the electricity production with different energy carriers affect the environmental impact. In line with the Paris Agreement, the European Union has set an agenda to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by means of energy efficiency in buildings. It is estimated that by the year 2050, 80% of Europe’s population will be living in buildings that already exist. This means it is important for the European Union to renovate buildings to improve energy efficiency. In this study, eight renovation scenarios, using six different Northern European electricity mixes, were analyzed using the standard of the European Committee for Standardization for life cycle assessment of buildings. This study covers all life cycle steps from cradle to grave. The renovation scenarios include combinations of photovoltaics, geothermal heat pumps, heat recovery ventilation, and improvement of the building envelope. The results show that while in some electricity mixes a reduction in the global warming potential can be achieved, it can be at the expense of an increase in radioactive waste production, and, in mixes with a high share of fossil fuels, the global warming potential of the scenarios increases with time, compared with that of the original building. It also shows that in most electricity mixes, scenarios that reduce the active heat demand of the building end up in reducing both the global warming potential and radioactive waste, making them less sensitive to changes in the energy system.

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