Effect of Tribochemical Interactions on Friction and Wear of Highly Hydrogenated DLC Films

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. L. Eryilmaz ◽  
A. Erdemir
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Sliding Surfaces ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Diamondlike Carbon ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Secondary Ion

In this paper, we attempted to elucidate the nature and extent of tribochemical interactions between sliding surfaces of highly-hydrogenated diamondlike carbon (DLC) films (containing about 40 at.% hydrogen) and correlated these findings with their friction and wear behaviors in dry and humid nitrogen environments. For the tribochemical studies, we used a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (ToF-SIMS) in 2- and 3-D imaging modes, while for tribological tests, we used a ball-on-disk machine that was operated under a 5 N load and at sliding velocities of 0.2 to 0.3 m/s. In dry nitrogen, the DLC films provided a friction coefficient of ≈ 0.007, but in humid nitrogen, the friction coefficient 3 to 4 times higher. 3-D surface profilometry and optical microscopy did not reveal much wear on sliding ball and disk surfaces after the tests regardless of the test environment, but the 2- and 3-D ToF-SIMS images of the same surfaces revealed very rich tribochemistry for films tested in humid nitrogen but not much chemistry for those films tested in dry nitrogen. Complementary x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of these sliding surfaces showed similar results further confirming extensive tribo-oxidation (in the forms of both C-O and C=O) of DLC surfaces tested in humid nitrogen but no major chemical changes in DLC films tested in dry nitrogen. Based on the results of surface analytical and tribological studies, we concluded that superlow friction behavior of highly hydrogenated DLC films was perhaps due to the hydrogen termination of their surface carbon atoms, while the much higher friction coefficients observed in humid nitrogen was primarily due to tribo-oxidation and/or oxygen termination of these surfaces.

Observation of the Tribo-Film Formation Derived from ZnDTP by Using FT-IR

2015 ◽  
Vol 642 ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
Hirotomo Watanabe ◽  
Chiharu Tadokoro ◽  
Shinya Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sliding Surfaces ◽  
Ft Ir

To understand the effects of tribo-film formation derived from ZnDTP (zinc dialkyl ditio phosphate) on friction behavior, friction tests were carried out with varying sliding time. The sliding surfaces were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). On the basis of the surface analytical results of the tribo-film, the absorption bands in the region of 1300-1000 cm-1 assigned as polyphosphate appeared in all IR spectra after the sliding. The friction behavior of ZnDTP was related to the intensity change of the IR spectra peak at 1200 cm-1.

Surface Topography and Friction Dynamics in Brake Systems Described by a Cellular Automaton

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mueller ◽  
G. P. Ostermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Parameter Dependent ◽  
Friction Dynamics

For the description of a friction event it is necessary to understand the friction coefficient μ as a process-parameter dependent not only on the surface-structure but also for instance on the relative velocity, normal load, temperature and the event itself. In brake systems, for example, growing and destroying processes of hard thin patches determine the friction power and the transfer of kinetic energy into heat and plastic deformations, such as wear. So the interaction of friction and wear is given by an equilibrium of flow of different processes resulting in growing effects or lowering effects on the friction coefficient itself [2]–[4]. The aim of this paper is to show the detailed interaction of this topographical dynamics and the friction behavior with the Method of Cellular Automata.

Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration on the Friction and Wear Properties of GCr15/45# Steel Frictional Pairs Lubricated by n-Al2O3 Additives

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 1920-1923
Author(s):  
Yu Lin Qiao ◽  
Shan Lin Yang ◽  
Yan Zang ◽  
Xin Yu Dong ◽  
Qing Sheng Cui
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Wear Scar ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Friction And Wear Properties

The friction and wear properties of GCr15/45# steel frictional pairs lubricated by n- Al2O3 additives under ultrasonic vibration or not were studied. The scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were carried out to analyse the wear scar surface. The effect mechanism of ultrasonic vibration on friction pairs was discussed. The results indicated that ultrasonic vibration could decrease the friction and wear of GCr15/45# friction pairs, when the content of n-Al2O3 was 0.5wt%, the effect of ultrasonic vibration on friction pairs was most obvious. The friction coefficient, wear volume and wear scar depth under ultrasonic vibration decreased 10%, 34% and 13%, respectively. The friction reduction and anti-wear mechanism of n-Al2O3 was single “micro ball bearing” without ultrasonic vibration, and it changed to “micro ball bearing” and adsorption penetration film with ultrasonic vibration, so the friction coefficient and wear volume was reduced.

DLC Films Synthesized on the Ti6Al4V Alloy Surface by Plasma Gun at an Atmospheric Pressure

2011 ◽  
Vol 687 ◽  
pp. 739-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Chen ◽  
Jia Qing Chen ◽  
Hai Zhou ◽  
Cheng Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Ti6al4v Alloy ◽  
Alloy Surface ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Plasma Gun

At atmospheric pressure, Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) thin films were deposited on the Ti6Al4V alloy surface by a DBD plasma gun at low temperature (<350°C), with CH4 as a precursor and Ar as dilution gas. The structure of the DLC thin film was analyzed by Laser Raman spectroscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface morphology was observed through scanning electron microscopy. The adhesion between the DLC thin film and the substrate was investigated with the scribe testing. The friction and wear behavior of the DLC thin film under dry sliding against GCr15 steel was evaluated on a ball-on-disc test rig. The results show that it is feasible to prepare a DLC thin film of 1.0μm thickness by plasma gun. The surface roughness Ra is about 13.23nm. The DLC thin film has a good adhesion of critical load 31.0N. It has been found that the DLC thin film has excellent friction and wear-resistant behaviors. The friction coefficient of the Ti6Al4V substrate is about 0.50 under dry sliding against the steel, while the DLC thin film experiences much abated friction coefficient to 0.15 under the same testing condition.

Characterization of hydrogenated graphite powder by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (84) ◽  
pp. 80649-80654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Xie ◽  
Kai Mo Ng ◽  
Lu-Tao Weng ◽  
Chi-Ming Chan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion

Hydrogenated graphite powder was obtained through Birch reduction of graphite powder and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) at 500 °C.

Cu Surface Characterization after Wet Cleaning Processes

2009 ◽  
Vol 145-146 ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Pipia ◽  
Annamaria Votta ◽  
Alice C. Elbaz ◽  
Salvo Grasso ◽  
Enrica Ravizza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Oxidation Kinetic ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Organic Species ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Cu Oxidation ◽  
Secondary Ion

In damascene architecture, widely used both in flash memories and in DRAM as interconnect scheme since 90 nm node, copper surface is exposed after via etch. A deep understanding of the effect of different wet cleanings on Cu surface is therefore mandatory, not only to ensure an efficient post etch polymer removal, but also to provide a better surface termination, capable to minimize Cu oxidation kinetic and to reduce the growth of Cu-rich precipitates which may negatively effect contact resistance. In this work we have analyzed the Cu surface after processing with several cleaning chemistries -often present in BEOL cleaning processes- using XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) and ToF-SIMS (Time of Flight – Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy), fast and powerful techniques widely used in Cu surface characterization [1]. In addition, the evolution of the surface with storage time has been monitored using the same techniques, in order to better understand the effect of the different cleaning chemistries. XPS has been proven to be very sensitive to monitor Cu oxidation, while ToF-SIMS has been used to reveal organic species adsorbed on the surface.

Tribological Behavior of Phosphor Bronze against SAE52100 Steel under Different Lubricants

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 852-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Qiu Xia ◽  
Shinya Sasaki ◽  
Takashi Murakami ◽  
Miki Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Alpha Olefin ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
Worn Surfaces

The friction and wear properties of phosphor bronze discs sliding against SAE52100 steel balls were evaluated using an Optimol SRV reciprocating friction and wear tester under the lubrication of pure poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) and PAO containing commercial phosphite ester, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDTP) and oleic acid additives. The morphologies of the worn surfaces of the phosphor bronze discs were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, the elemental compositions and chemical states of several typical elements on the worn surfaces of the phosphor bronze discs were examined by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The findings indicated that the phosphor bronze discs exhibited higher wear resistance under the lubrication of PAO containing phosphite ester than pure PAO, PAO containing ZDTP, and PAO containing oleic acid. Also, the phosphor bronze discs exhibited stable friction coefficients as low as 0.09-0.11 when lubricated with PAO containing phosphite ester. According to the XPS analyses, it was considered that the formation of CuO and phosphate led to lower friction coefficient and high wear resistance of phosphor bronze specimens lubricated with PAO containing phosphite ester. In the case of the phosphor bronze specimens lubricated with PAO containing ZDTP and oleic acid, the formation of organic compounds seemed to lead to lower friction coefficient, but did not seem to affect the wear resistance.

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