Scroll Compressors for Heat Pumps: Application to Space Heating in New and Existing Residential Buildings

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Ka¨mmer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Residential Space ◽  
Wide Operating

Heat pumps for residential space heating has become an increasingly important alternative to the conventional European heating systems like gas or oil burners. They offer the opportunity to reduce CO2 emission associated with heating residential homes in central and northern Europe as well as energy savings. The operational parameters for compressors in heat pumps are derived from different heat pump configurations. High compressor efficiency and a wide operating map is required so that an economically viable heat pump is achieved which meets the required operational conditions. The modifications to the basic refrigeration scroll compressor design are demonstrated. These dedicated compressor designs make it possible to achieve the required high condensing temperatures. A performance comparison with the standard compressor designs is presented and the available product range for the design of heat pump systems is shown.

Solar-Assisted Heat Pump Systems: A Review of Existing Studies and Their Applicability to the Canadian Residential Sector

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Chu ◽  
Cynthia A. Cruickshank
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
System Configurations

Heat pumps are commonly used for space-heating and cooling requirements. The combination of solar thermal and heat pump systems as a single solar-assisted heat pump (SAHP) system is a promising technology for offsetting domestic hot water, space-heating and cooling loads more efficiently. Task 44 of the Solar Heating and Cooling Programme of the International Energy Agency is currently investigating ways to optimize SAHP systems for residential use. This paper presents a review of past and current work conducted on SAHP systems. Specifically, the key performance data from many studies are highlighted and different system configurations are compared in order to establish insight towards which system configurations are suitable for the Canadian residential sector. It was found that the most suitable configuration for Canadian residential buildings depend on a combination of factors which may include occupant behavior, building characteristics, operation parameters, system components, the performance criteria of interest and climate. A large variety of configurations and parameters exist for SAHP systems and this made analyzing a specific system, comparing differing systems and establishing an optimal design fairly difficult. It was found that different authors used various different performance criterions and this inconsistency also added to the difficulty of comparing the studies of different systems. Overall, a standard performance criterion needs to be established for SAHP systems in order to meaningfully compare different configurations and determine optimal configurations for certain requirements.

scholarly journals Air-source heat pump performance comparison in different real operational conditions based on advanced exergy and exergoeconomic approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 237-237
Author(s):  
Goran Vuckovic ◽  
Mirko Stojiljkovic ◽  
Marko Ignjatovic ◽  
Mica Vukic
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
System Component ◽  
Exergetic Efficiency ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

The use of air-source heat pumps (ASHP) is increasing to meet the energy needs of residential buildings, and manufacturers of equipment have permanently expanded the range of work and improved the coefficient of performance (COP) in very adverse outdoor air conditions. However, in the time of a wide range of different technologies, the problem of using ASHP, from a techno-economic point of view, is constantly present. Although exergy is the only thermodynamic parameter compatible with economic principles, methods based on conventional exergy analysis are no longer able to respond to the extremely demanding needs of the actual market. Exergetic efficiency and exergoeconomic cost no longer provide sufficiently reliable information when it is necessary to reduce the investment costs or increase the energy/exergetic efficiency of the component/system. This paper presents a performance comparison of ASHP in different real operational conditions based on an advanced exergy and exergoeconomic approach. The advanced exergy analysis splits the destruction of exergy for each individual component of the heat pump into avoidable and unavoidable exergy destruction in order to fully understand the processes. In exergoeconomic performance evaluation, the information of stream costs is used as the information to calculate exergoeconomic variables associated with each system component. Irreversibilities in the compressor have the greatest impact on reducing the overall system exergetic efficiency by 46.7% during underfloor heating (UFH) operation and 24.53% during domestic hot water (DHW) operation. Exergy loss reduces exergetic efficiency by 5.72% (UFH) and 39.74% (DHW). High values of exergoeconomic cost for both operating regimes are present in flows 1, 2, 3 and 4 due to high costs of production and relatively small exergy levels. The general recommendation is to set the ASHP to operate with near-optimal capacities in both regimes and then reduce exergy of flows 1, 2, 5, 11 and 13.

scholarly journals Experimental Study and Modeling of Ground-Source Heat Pumps with Combi-Storage in Buildings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wessam El-Baz ◽  
Peter Tzscheutschler ◽  
Ulrich Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
And Control

There is a continuous growth of heat pump installations in residential buildings in Germany. The heat pumps were not only used for space heating and domestic hot water consumption but also to offer flexibility to the grid. the high coefficient of performance and the low cost of heat storages made the heat pumps an optimal candidate for the power to heat applications. Thus, several questions are raised about the optimal integration and control of the heat pump system with buffer storages to maximize its operation efficiency and minimize the operation costs. In this paper, an experimental investigation is performed to study the performance of a ground source heat pump (GSHP) with a combi-storage under several configurations and control factors. The experiments were performed on an innovative modular testbed that is capable of emulating a ground source to provide the heat pump with different temperature levels at different times of the day. Moreover, it can emulate the different building loads such as the space heating load and the domestic hot water consumption in real-time. The data gathered from the testbed and different experimental studies were used to develop a simulation model based on Modelica that can accurately simulate the dynamics of a GSHP in a building. The model was validated based on different metrics. Energetically, the difference between the developed model and the measured values was only 3.08\% and 4.18\% for the heat generation and electricity consumption, respectively.

Saving Primary Energy Consumption Through Exergy Analysis of Combine Distillation and Power Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Alhassan Salami Tijani ◽  
Nazri Mohammed ◽  
Werner Witt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption

Industrial heat pumps are heat-recovery systems that allow the temperature ofwaste-heat stream to be increased to a higher, more efficient temperature. Consequently, heat pumps can improve energy efficiency in industrial processes as well as energy savings when conventional passive-heat recovery is not possible. In this paper, possible ways of saving energy in the chemical industry are considered, the objective is to reduce the primary energy (such as coal) consumption of power plant. Particularly the thermodynamic analyses ofintegrating backpressure turbine ofa power plant with distillation units have been considered. Some practical examples such as conventional distillation unit and heat pump are used as a means of reducing primary energy consumption with tangible indications of energy savings. The heat pump distillation is operated via electrical power from the power plant. The exergy efficiency ofthe primary fuel is calculated for different operating range ofthe heat pump distillation. This is then compared with a conventional distillation unit that depends on saturated steam from a power plant as the source of energy. The results obtained show that heat pump distillation is an economic way to save energy if the temperaturedifference between the overhead and the bottom is small. Based on the result, the energy saved by the application of a heat pump distillation is improved compared to conventional distillation unit.

Performance of Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH) Systems and Their Impacts on Electric Utility Loads

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya I. Sharaf-Eldeen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Peak Loads

This work involves measurements, analyses, and evaluation of performance of air-source heat pump water heaters (HPWHs), and their impacts on electric utility loads. Two add-on, heat pumps (HPs) rated at 7000 BTU/h (2.051 kW) and 12,000 BTU/h (3.517 kW) were utilized. The HPs were retrofitted to two 50 gal (189.3 l) electric water heaters (EWHs) with their electric heating elements removed. A third standard EWH was used for comparison. The testing setups were fully instrumented for measurements of all pertinent parameters, including inlet and outlet water temperatures, inlet and outlet air temperatures of the HPs, temperature and humidity of the surrounding air, volume of water drawn out of the storage tanks, as well as the electric energy consumptions of the systems. Performance measures evaluated included the coefficient of performance, the energy factor (EF), and the first hour rating (FHR). The HPWH systems gave EFs ranging from 1.8 to 2.5 and corresponding energy savings (and reductions in utility peak loads) ranging from 49.0% to 63.0%, approximately. The values obtained in the summer months were, as expected, somewhat higher than those obtained in the winter ones. The average values of the EFs and energy savings (and reductions in utility peak loads) were about 2.1 and 56.0%, respectively. FHR results were much lower for the HPWHs compared with those for the standard EWH. These results show that HPWHs are much more efficient compared with standard EWHs. While the average value of the EF for the EWH was about 0.92, the HPWHs yielded EFs averaging more than 2.00, resulting in annual energy savings averaging more than 50%. The results also show that HPWHs are effective at reducing utility peak loads, in addition to providing substantial cost savings to consumers.

scholarly journals A European Database of Building Energy Profiles to Support the Design of Ground Source Heat Pumps

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Carnieletto ◽  
Borja Badenes ◽  
Marco Belliardi ◽  
Adriana Bernardi ◽  
Samantha Graci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Profiles ◽  
Ground Source

The design of ground source heat pumps is a fundamental step to ensure the high energy efficiency of heat pump systems throughout their operating years. To enhance the diffusion of ground source heat pump systems, two different tools are developed in the H2020 research project named, “Cheap GSHPs”: A design tool and a decision support system. In both cases, the energy demand of the buildings may not be calculated by the user. The main input data, to evaluate the size of the borehole heat exchangers, is the building energy demand. This paper presents a methodology to correlate energy demand, building typologies, and climatic conditions for different types of residential buildings. Rather than envelope properties, three insulation levels have been considered in different climatic conditions to set up a database of energy profiles. Analyzing European climatic test reference years, 23 locations have been considered. For each location, the overall energy and the mean hourly monthly energy profiles for heating and cooling have been calculated. Pre-calculated profiles are needed to size generation systems and, in particular, ground source heat pumps. For this reason, correlations based on the degree days for heating and cooling demand have been found in order to generalize the results for different buildings. These correlations depend on the Köppen–Geiger climate scale.

scholarly journals Impact of Wall Constructions on Energy Performance of Switchable Insulation Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6068
Author(s):  
Remy Carlier ◽  
Mohammad Dabbagh ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Detached House ◽  
Modeling Strategy

This paper evaluates the potential energy savings when switchable insulation systems (SIS) are applied to walls of residential buildings located in Belgium and other locations in Europe. The study considers two low-energy prototypical dwellings (an apartment and a detached house) that are representative of post-2010 constructions and renovations in Belgium. Using an 3R2C-based analysis tool, the performance of both dwellings is evaluated with static and dynamic wall insulation systems. First, the switchable insulating system is described along with its associated simple 2-step rule-based control strategy. Then the modeling strategy and simulation analysis tools are presented. In Belgium, it was found that SIS-integrated walls allow energy savings up to 3.7% for space heating and up to 98% for cooling. Moreover, it was found that to further reduce the energy consumption of SIS-integrated buildings in various European climates, thermal mass placement needs to be considered. By optimizing the placement and the parameters of the various wall layers, it is possible to increase the space heating savings by up to a factor of 4 and those of cooling by up to a factor of 2.5.

scholarly journals Design of Heat-Pump Systems for Single- and Multi-Family Houses using a Heuristic Scheduling for the Optimization of PV Self-Consumption

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kemmler ◽  
Bernd Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Pv System ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Floor Heating

Heat pumps in combination with a photovoltaic system are a very promising option for the transformation of the energy system. By using such a system for coupling the electricity and heat sectors, buildings can be heated sustainably and with low greenhouse gas emissions. This paper reveals a method for dimensioning a suitable system of heat pump and photovoltaics (PV) for residential buildings in order to achieve a high level of (photovoltaic) PV self-consumption. This is accomplished by utilizing a thermal energy storage (TES) for shifting the operation of the heat pump to times of high PV power production by an intelligent control algorithm, which yields a high portion of PV power directly utilized by the heat pump. In order to cover the existing set of building infrastructure, 4 reference buildings with different years of construction are introduced for both single- and multi-family residential buildings. By this means, older buildings with radiator heating as well as new buildings with floor heating systems are included. The simulations for evaluating the performance of a heat pump/PV system controlled by the novel algorithm for each type of building were carried out in MATLAB-Simulink® 2017a. The results show that 25.3% up to 41.0% of the buildings’ electricity consumption including the heat pump can be covered directly from the PV-installation per year. Evidently, the characteristics of the heating system significantly influence the results: new buildings with floor heating and low supply temperatures yield a higher level of PV self-consumption due to a higher efficiency of the heat pump compared to buildings with radiator heating and higher supply temperatures. In addition, the effect of adding a battery to the system was studied for two building types. It will be shown that the degree of PV self-consumption increases in case a battery is present. However, due to the high investment costs of batteries, they do not pay off within a reasonable period.

Saving Primary Energy Consumption Through Exergy Analysis of Combine Distillation and Power Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Alhassan Salami Tijani ◽  
Nazri Mohammed ◽  
Werner Witt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption

Industrial heat pumps are heat-recovery systems that allow the temperature of waste-heat stream to be increased to a higher, more efficient temperature. Consequently, heat pumps can improve energy efficiency in industrial processes as well as energy savings when conventional passive-heat recovery is not possible. In this paper, possible ways of saving energy in the chemical industry are considered, the objective is to reduce the primary energy (such as coal) consumption of power plant. Particularly the thermodynamic analyses of integrating backpressure turbine of a power plant with distillation units have been considered. Some practical examples such as conventional distillation unit and heat pump are used as a means of reducing primary energy consumption with tangible indications of energy savings. The heat pump distillation is operated via electrical power from the power plant. The exergy efficiency of the primary fuel is calculated for different operating range of the heat pump distillation. This is then compared with a conventional distillation unit that depends on saturated steam from a power plant as the source of energy. The results obtained show that heat pump distillation is an economic way to save energy if the temperature difference between the overhead and the bottom is small. Based on the result, the energy saved by the application of a heat pump distillation is improved compared to conventional distillation unit. 

Analysis of an Integrated Thermal Energy System for Applications in Cold Regions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Bismark Addo-Binney ◽  
Wahid Besada ◽  
Martin Agelin-Chaab
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Pump Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Heating Capacity ◽  
Better Than

Abstract This paper performed analyses on a proposed direct wind-powered heat pump integrated with a pond which serves as an evaporator for space heating in cold regions. The analysis was conducted using environmental data for selected locations in Canada and the Engineering Equation Solver. Three different pairings of heat pumps and wind turbines were studied (a wind-powered heat pump with a pond as an evaporator, a wind-powered heat pump without a pond, and an electricity-powered heat pump). Energy and exergy analyses were performed on the systems. The novelty in the present study is in the use of a wind turbine to directly power the heat pump and using a pond as the evaporator. The results show that the proposed system has the highest coefficient of performance compared to the others. The average coefficient of performance for the selected locations is 2.7, which is at least 67% better than the others. Similarly, the overall exergy for the proposed system is 16.9%, which is at least 40% better than the others. The average heating capacity of the selected locations for the proposed system is 4.5 kW, which is from 29% to 300% better than the others. Additionally, the sustainability index for the proposed system is the highest for the proposed system. The results have shown that the proposed system has superior overall performance for space heating in cold regions.

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