Preliminary Study on Combustion of Biodiesel for Power Generation

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ee Sann Tan ◽  
Kumaran Palanisamy ◽  
Ibrahim Hussein ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Crude Oil Prices

In the recent wake of escalating crude oil prices due to depletion of fossil fuel, biodiesel has generated a significant interest as an alternative fuel for the future. The use of biodiesel to fuel microturbines or gas turbine application is envisaged to solve problems of diminishing supplies of fossil fuel reserves and environmental concerns. This paper examines the combustion of biodiesel derived from Malaysian Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) in a combustion test facility to study the feasibility of using the designated fuel at five various volumetric ratios for gas turbine application. Biodiesel was produced from waste cooking oil in Malaysia, mainly from palm oil sources and animal fats. The oil burner was able to fire the five blends of fuel without any modification or pretreatment. The combustion performance of Malaysian WCO biodiesel and distillate blends was examined with respect to the combustion efficiency. The results indicated biodiesel combustion required less air for stoichiometric combustion due to presence of oxygen in the fuel. Indeed biodiesel stand as a potential alternative fuel for power generation application with the best efficiency at blended ratio of 20% biodiesel and 80% distillate.

Experimental Study of Combustion on a Micro Gas Turbine Combustor

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng-Shan Wang ◽  
Wen-Jun Kong ◽  
Bao-Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Loss Factor ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Total Pressure Loss ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Oil Fuel

A research program is in development in China as a demonstrator of combined cooling, heating and power system (CCHP). In this program, a micro gas turbine with net electrical output around 100kW is designed and developed. The combustor is designed for natural gas operation and oil fuel operation, respectively. In this paper, a prototype can combustor for the oil fuel was studied by the experiments. In this paper, the combustor was tested using the ambient pressure combustor test facility. The sensors were equipped to measure the combustion performance; the exhaust gas was sampled and analyzed by a gas analyzer device. From the tests and experiments, combustion efficiency, pattern factor at the exit, the surface temperature profile of the outer liner wall, the total pressure loss factor of the combustion chamber with and without burning, and the pollutants emission fraction at the combustor exit were obtained. It is also found that with increasing of the inlet temperature, the combustion efficiency and the total pressure loss factor increased, while the exit pattern factor coefficient reduced. The emissions of CO and unburned hydrogen carbon (UHC) significantly reduced, but the emission of NOx significantly increased.

Engine Performance Investigations of Palm Oil, Jatropha Oil and Waste Cooking Oil as Alternative Fuel

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 674-678
Author(s):  
Syarifah Yunus ◽  
Noriah Yusoff ◽  
Muhammad Faiz Fikri Ahmad Khaidzir ◽  
Siti Khadijah Alias ◽  
Freddawati Rashiddy Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Performance Effect ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature ◽  
Global Agenda

The continued using of petroleum energy as a sourced for fuel is widely recognized as unsustainable because of the decreasing of supplies while increasing of the demand. Therefore, it becomes a global agenda to develop a renewable, sustainable and alternative fuel to meets with all the demand. Thus, biodiesel seems to be one of the best choices. In Malaysia, the biodiesel used is from edible vegetable oil sources; palm oil. The uses of palm oil as biodiesel production source have been concern because of the competition with food materials. In this study, various types of biodiesel feedstock are being studied and compared with diesel. The purpose of this comparison is to obtain the optimum engine performance of these different types of biodiesel (edible, non-edible, waste cooking oil) on which are more suitable to be used as alternative fuel. The optimum engine performance effect can be obtains by considering the Brake Power (BP), Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC), Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) and Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE).

scholarly journals Modeling of advanced fossil fuel power plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshid Zabihian
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
Fuel Switching ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

The first part of this thesis deals with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from fossil fuel-fired power stations. The GHG emission estimation from fossil fuel power generation industry signifies that emissions from this industry can be significantly reduced by fuel switching and adaption of advanced power generation technologies. In the second part of the thesis, steady-state models of some of the advanced fossil fuel power generation technologies are presented. The impacts of various parameters on the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) overpotentials and outputs are investigated. The detail analyses of operation of the hybrid SOFC-gas turbine (GT) cycle when fuelled with methane and syngas demonstrate that the efficiencies of the cycles with and without anode exhaust recirculation are close, but the specific power of the former is much higher. The parametric analysis of the performance of the hybrid SOFC-GT cycle indicates that increasing the system operating pressure and SOFC operating temperature and fuel utilization factor improves cycle efficiency, but the effects of the increasing SOFC current density and turbine inlet temperature are not favourable. The analysis of the operation of the system when fuelled with a wide range of fuel types demonstrates that the hybrid SOFC-GT cycle efficiency can be between 59% and 75%, depending on the inlet fuel type. Then, the system performance is investigated when methane as a reference fuel is replaced with various species that can be found in the fuel, i.e., H₂, CO₂, CO, and N₂. The results point out that influence of various species can be significant and different for each case. The experimental and numerical analyses of a biodiesel fuelled micro gas turbine indicate that fuel switching from petrodiesel to biodiesel can influence operational parameters of the system. The modeling results of gas turbine-based power plants signify that relatively simple models can predict plant performance with acceptable accuracy. The unique feature of these models is that they are developed based on similar assumptions and run at similar conditions; therefore, their results can be compared. This work demonstrates that, although utilization of fossil fuels for power generation is inevitable, at least in the short- and mid-term future, it is possible and practical to carry out such utilization more efficiently and in an environmentally friendlier manner.

Emission and Performance of a Lean-Premixed Gas Fuel Injection System for Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Engines

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy S. Snyder ◽  
Thomas J. Rosfjord ◽  
John B. McVey ◽  
Aaron S. Hu ◽  
Barry C. Schlein
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Moderate Pressure ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Lean Premixed

A dry-low-NOx, high-airflow-capacity fuel injection system for a lean-premixed combustor has been developed for a moderate pressure ratio (20:1) aeroderivative gas turbine engine. Engine requirements for combustor pressure drop, emissions, and operability have been met. Combustion performance was evaluated at high power conditions in a high-pressure, single-nozzle test facility which operates at full baseload conditions. Single digit NOx levels and high combustion efficiency were achieved A wide operability range with no signs of flashback, autoignition, or thermal problems was demonsuated. NOx sensitivities 10 pressure and residence time were found to be small at flame temperatures below 1850 K (2870 F). Above 1850 K some NOx sensitivity to pressure and residence Lime was observed and was associated with the increased role of the thermal NOx production mechanism at elevated flame temperatures.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Purified with Activated Charcoal of Salak Peel

REAKTOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luqman Buchori ◽  
Dinda Labibah Ubay ◽  
Khonsa Syahidah
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Activated Charcoal Adsorption

Biodiesel is one of diesel fuel alternative made from renewable resources such as vegetable oils and animal fats. One of the natural ingredients that can be used as a material in the production of biodiesel is waste cooking oil (WCO). Biodiesel from WCO can be made through a transesterification reaction using a CaO catalyst. Free fatty acid (FFA) content in WCO needs to be reduced by activated charcoal adsorption. This research aims to determine the optimum time of adsorption by activated charcoal that made from salak peel and to determine the effect of transesterification temperature on biodiesel yield. The results showed that the FFA content of WCO decrease from 6.16% to 0.224% with adsorption time is 80 minutes and 10 gram of activated charcoal. Biodiesel yield increase by increasing transesterification temperature. The appropriate temperature is 50oC with 86.40% of yield, 887.2 kg/m3of density, 5.174 mm2/s of kinematic viscosity and acid number 0.421 mg KOH/gram sample. The composition of alkyl ester was obtained 65.54% with a FAAE yield of 56.63%.

A comprehensive review on biodiesel cold flow properties and oxidation stability along with their improvement processes

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (105) ◽  
pp. 86631-86655 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Monirul ◽  
H. H. Masjuki ◽  
M. A. Kalam ◽  
N. W. M. Zulkifli ◽  
H. K. Rashedul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Acid Esters

Biodiesel, which comprises fatty acid esters, is derived from different sources, such as vegetable oils from palm, sunflower, soybean, canola, Jatropha, and cottonseed sources, animal fats, and waste cooking oil.

scholarly journals Performance Measure of CI Engine by Varyingblends with Different Proportions and Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 12595-12598
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Nozzle Injection ◽  
Automobile Engines ◽  
Ci Engine

Many researchers have been working on alternative fuels and it blends in order to enhance the performance of automobiles. There are number of alternative fuel blends have been tested on automobile engines and their performances have been analyzed. In this present work, Methyl Ester from Waste cooking oil to be prepared and going to blend with Diesel with different ratios, is an alternative fuel. The experiment is going to be conducted on the air cooled four stroke Diesel engine using these blends with different proportions and nozzle injection pressures, finally its performance characteristics to be analyzed.

Gas Turbine With Constant Volume Heat Addition

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Can Gu¨len
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Heat Addition ◽  
Volume Heat

Increasing the thermal efficiency of fossil fuel fired power plants in general and the gas turbine power plant in particular is of extreme importance. In the face of diminishing natural resources and increasing carbon emissions that lead to a heightened greenhouse effect and greater concerns over global warming, thermal efficiency is more critical today than ever before. In the science of thermodynamics, the best yardstick for a power generation system’s performance is the Carnot efficiency — the ultimate efficiency limit, set by the second law, which can be achieved only by a perfect heat engine operating in a cycle. As a fact of nature this upper theoretical limit is out of reach, thus engineers usually set their eyes on more realistic goals. For the longest time, the key performance benchmark of a combined cycle (CC) power plant has been the 60% net electric efficiency. Land-based gas turbines based on the classic Brayton cycle with constant pressure heat addition represent the pinnacle of fossil fuel burning power generation engineering. Advances in the last few decades, mainly driven by the increase in cycle maximum temperatures, which in turn are made possible by technology breakthroughs in hot gas path materials, coating and cooling technologies, pushed the power plant efficiencies to nearly 40% in simple cycle and nearly 60% in combined cycle configurations. To surpass the limitations imposed by available materials and other design considerations and to facilitate a significant improvement in the thermal efficiency of advanced Brayton cycle gas turbine power plants necessitate a rethinking of the basic thermodynamic cycle. The current paper highlights the key thermodynamic considerations that make the constant volume heat addition a viable candidate in this respect. First using fundamental air-standard cycle formulas and then more realistic but simple models, potential efficiency improvement in simple and combined cycle configurations is investigated. Existing and past research activities are summarized to illustrate the technologies that can transform the basic thermodynamics into a reality via mechanically and economically feasible products.

Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Hybrid Simulation Facility Design

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Tucker ◽  
Eric Liese ◽  
John VanOsdol ◽  
Larry Lawson ◽  
Randall S. Gemmen
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
System Response ◽  
Facility Design ◽  
Transient Event ◽  
Load Following ◽  
Transient Events

Fuel cell hybrid power systems have potential for the highest electrical power generation efficiency. Fuel cell gas turbine hybrid systems are currently under development as the first step in commercializing this technology. The dynamic interdependencies resulting from the integration of these two power generation technologies is not well understood. Unexpected complications can arise in the operation of an integrated system, especially during startup and transient events. Fuel cell gas turbine systems designed to operate under steady state conditions have limitations in studying the dynamics of a transient event without risk to the more fragile components of the system. A 250kW experimental fuel cell gas turbine system test facility has been designed at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), U.S. Department of Energy to examine the effects of transient events on the dynamics of these systems. The test facility will be used to evaluate control strategies for improving system response to transient events and load following. A fuel cell simulator, consisting of a natural gas burner controlled by a real time fuel cell model, will be integrated into the system in place of a real solid oxide fuel cell. The use of a fuel cell simulator in the initial phases allows for the exploration of transient events without risk of destroying an actual fuel cell. Fuel cell models and hybrid system models developed at NETL have played an important role in guiding the design of facility equipment and experimental research planning. Results of certain case studies using these models are discussed. Test scenarios were analyzed for potential thermal and mechanical impact on fuel cell, heat exchanger and gas turbine components. Temperature and pressure drop calculations were performed to determine the maximum impact on system components and design. Required turbine modifications were designed and tested for functionality. The resulting facility design will allow for examination of startup, shut down, loss of load to the fuel cell during steady state operations, loss of load to the turbine during steady state operations and load following.

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