Energy Efficient Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

Aerospace ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashank Priya ◽  
Dan Popa ◽  
Frank Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Traditional Use

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have tremendous potential in many environmental and structural health monitoring applications including, gas, temperature, pressure and humidity monitoring, motion detection, and hazardous materials detection. Recent advances in CMOS-technology, IC manufacturing, and networking utilizing Bluetooth communications have brought down the total power requirements of wireless sensor nodes to as low as a few hundred microwatts. Such nodes can be used in future dense ad-hoc networks by transmitting data 1 to 10 meters away. For communication outside 10 meter ranges, data must be transmitted in a multi-hop fashion. There are significant implications to replacing large transmission distance WSN with multiple low-power, low-cost WSN. In addition, some of the relay nodes could be mounted on mobile robotic vehicles instead of being stationary, thus increasing the fault tolerance, coverage and bandwidth capacity of the network. The foremost challenge in the implementation of a dense sensor network is managing power consumption for a large number of nodes. The traditional use of batteries to power sensor nodes is simply not scalable to dense networks, and is currently the most significant barrier for many applications. Self-powering of sensor nodes can be achieved by developing a smart architecture which utilizes all the environmental resources available for generating electrical power. These resources can be structural vibrations, wind, magnetic fields, light, sound, temperature gradients and water currents. The generated electric energy is stored in the matching media selected by the microprocessor depending upon the power magnitude and output impedance. The stored electrical energy is supplied on demand to the sensors and communications devices. This paper shows the progress in our laboratory on powering stationary and mobile untethered sensors using a fusion of energy harvesting approaches. It illustrates the prototype hardware and software required for their implementation including MEMS pressure and strain sensors mounted on mobile robots or stationary, power harvesting modules, interface circuits, algorithms for interrogating the sensor, wireless data transfer and recording.

Basic Concepts of Wireless Sensor Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Lina M. Pestana Leão de Brito ◽  
Laura M. Rodríguez Peralta
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Distributed Sensor Networks ◽  
Distributed Sensor ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Communication Equipment

As with many technologies, defense applications have been a driver for research in sensor networks, which started around 1980 due to two important programs of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA): the distributed sensor networks (DSN) and the sensor information technology (SensIT) (Chong & Kumar, 2003). However, the development of sensor networks requires advances in several areas: sensing, communication, and computing. The explosive growth of the personal communications market has driven the cost of radio devices down and has increased the quality. At the same time, technological advances in wireless communications and electronic devices (such as low-cost, low-power, small, simple yet efficient wireless communication equipment) have enabled the manufacturing of sensor nodes and, consequently, the development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs).

A STATIC-LEACH WSNs for Hazardous Materials Monitoring

2012 ◽  
Vol 463-464 ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
Fei Hui ◽  
Xiao Le Wang ◽  
Xin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Hazardous Materials Transportation ◽  
Adaptive Clustering

In this paper, hazardous materials transportation monitoring system is designed, implemented, and tested using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). According to energy consumption and response time during clustering of Wireless Sensor Networks LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) routing protocol, we proposed STATIC-LEACH routing protocol based on static clustering, it can effectively reduce energy consumption of the wireless sensor nodes and reduce network latency of cluster. With WSN and GSM/GPRS, low cost and easy deployment remote monitoring is possible without interfering with the operation of the transportation.

scholarly journals Defending against Internal Attacks in Healthcare-Based WSNs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zhe Wei ◽  
Shuyan Yu ◽  
Wancheng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Consideration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Internal Attacks

In view of the spatiotemporal limitations of traditional healthcare services, the use of wireless communication has become one of the main development directions for the medical system. Compared with the traditional methods, applying the potential and benefits of the wireless sensor networks has more advantages such as low cost, simplicity, and flexible data acquisition. However, due to the limited resources of the individual wireless sensor nodes, traditional security solutions for defending against internal attacks cannot be directly used in healthcare based wireless sensor networks. To address this issue, a negative binomial distribution trust with energy consideration is proposed in this study. The proposed method is lightweight and suitable to be operated on the individual healthcare sensors. Simulations show that it can effectively deal with the internal attacks while taking the energy saving into consideration.

scholarly journals A Lightweight Authentication and Key Management Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danyang Qin ◽  
Shuang Jia ◽  
Songxiang Yang ◽  
Erfu Wang ◽  
Qun Ding
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Lightweight Authentication ◽  
Key Management Scheme

Security problem is one of the most popular research fields in wireless sensor networks for both the application requirement and the resource-constrained essence. An effective and lightweight Authentication and Key Management Scheme (AKMS) is proposed in this paper to solve the problem of malicious nodes occurring in the process of networking and to offer a high level of security with low cost. For the condition that the mobile sensor nodes need to be authenticated, the keys in AKMS will be dynamically generated and adopted for security protection. Even when the keys are being compromised or captured, the attackers can neither use the previous keys nor misuse the authenticated nodes to cheat. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides more efficient security with less energy consumption for wireless sensor networks especially with mobile sensors.

Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 1215-1232
Author(s):  
George William Kibirige ◽  
Camilius A. Sanga
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Wormhole Attack ◽  
Selective Forwarding ◽  
Active Attack

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of large number of low-cost, resource-constrained sensor nodes. The constraints of the WSN which make it to be vulnerable to attacks are based on their characteristics which include: low memory, low computation power, they are deployed in hostile area and left unattended, small range of communication capability and low energy capabilities. Examples of attacks which can occur in a WSN are sinkhole attack, selective forwarding attack and wormhole attack. One of the impacts of these attacks is that, one attack can be used to launch other attacks. This book chapter presents an exploration of the analysis of the existing solutions which are used to detect and identify passive and active attack in WSN. The analysis is based on advantages and limitations of the proposed solutions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Encryption Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Murat Dener
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Memory Usage ◽  
Network Applications ◽  
Communication Environments ◽  
Encryption Algorithms ◽  
Excessive Number

In general, Wireless Sensor Networks occur when sensor nodes are randomly left in an unreliable environment. Sensor node has limited processor, limited memory, limited radio capacity and low cost. In sensor network applications, security mechanisms must be used, because of unsafe environments, excessive number of sensor nodes, and wireless communication environments. Ensuring confidentiality, the primary goal of security, is one of the most important problems to be solved in order to realize time and vital objectives. While ensuring security, it is also necessary to consider other important criteria such as memory usage, energy and latency of Sensor Networks. In this study, encryption is described in Wireless Sensor Networks and Skipjack, XXTEA and AES encryption algorithms are compared using TOSSIM simulation program in TinyOS operating system considering memory usage, energy and delay criteria. The study is considered to be useful academicians who study security in Wireless Sensor Networks.

An Energy-Efficient Cluster Head and Router Selecting Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 226-228 ◽  
pp. 1807-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou Zhi Huang ◽  
Xue Zeng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Distance Communication

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) based on ZigBee technology are currently popular low-energy, low-cost, short-distance communication technologies that can be applied in many areas, such as industry, environment, agriculture, etc. Energy efficiency is one of the most important research points for WSNs. In this paper, we analyze the existing WSNs protocols, especially LEACH, and propose an energy-efficient cluster head and router selecting protocol (EECRS). EECRS combines both cluster-based and energy-threshold routing protocols to balance the energy consumption of the sensor nodes in the whole network in order to extend the network lifetime. And through the simulation via NS2 software, it is shown that EECRS improves the network performance, network lifetime and data received per energy mount consumption, compared with LEACH protocol.

scholarly journals Classification of WSN Routing Protocol Based On Clustering

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
C. Sudha . ◽  
D. Suresh . ◽  
A. Nagesh .
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Cluster Based Routing

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) within the zone time regulate to greater enticing and develop their manner into massive variance of exercise in distinctive domains. Elevation in wireless sensor network technology provide the affability of small and low cost sensor nodes with the adequacy of sensing, processing, computing the physical and surroundings circumstances. Due to inhibition in transmission range, processing and power resources it is considered necessary to design awesome and energy aware protocol to increase network lifetime. Routing strategies are developing to boom life cycle of sensor network and increase throughput performance. This paper gives, an analysis of various routing strategies used in wireless sensor networks in addition importance of cluster based routing, and varieties of cluster, type of cluster based routing are discussed. The observe concludes with the issues and the resent researchers on cluster based routing.

scholarly journals Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Sweta S ◽  
Balajee Maram
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Underwater Acoustic

There are a plenty of unexploited resources that lies underwater that covers almost 75% of the earth.In order to utilise them,the field of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) is attracting the  researchers to extend their thoughts in this field. The wireless sensor networks are heavy networks that consist of small low cost sensors that have a large amount of solving ability and energy resources which can be applicable in any type of irregular environments irrespective of changing conditions. Keeping in view of the real-time remote data transferring requirements, underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASN) has been recognised as a preferred network because it satisfies all aspects of data transfer. In UASN, the required availability and recycling of energy resources along with specified utilisation of data with the help of utilized sensor nodes for energy requirements that are necessary are done for the development of  further theories in these contexts. Due to these causes, the maximum underwater resources utilisation techniques mainly depends on UAN (Underwater Acoustic Networks).Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) suitable for applications on submarine detection and monitoring,where nodes collect data with a mobile autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) via optical communications, and applied accordingly to deal with further approaches. They provide continuous monitoring for various applications like ocean sampling network, pollution monitoring, submarine detection, disaster prevention etc.This paper particularly deals with a brief collection of the UWSN applications and some of the algorithms for the path finding in order to pass  maximum valued information(VOI) among the different nodes.

scholarly journals Security in Wireless Sensor Networks: Issues and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
A P Thangamuthu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Medical Engineering ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Sensing Technology

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have made it easier for people to live in various fields: medical engineering, agriculture. With computing power and wireless networking, sensing technology makes it lucrative for its potential abundance of use. Since the many uses of such systems have been used, lightweight, inexpensive, disposable and self-contained computers, known as sensor nodes or “motes,” are created. WSNs are commonly used in applications for monitoring, tracking and control. These include centralized management, system heterogeneity, protocol routing, the versatility of node, the privacy of information and restricted computing capacity. WSN covers a wide geographical area; routing protocols, scalability and security should therefore be addressed. In the traditional networking technique, there are major benefits due to the low cost and cooperative design of wireless networks (WNs). The networks with wireless sensors have more advantages over wired networks. Although wireless networks have various advantages, they are vulnerable to security problems. Due to the broader application, safety has become an important issue for wireless sensor networks.

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