Simulation of a Biodiesel Continuous Production Process Using HYSYS®

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Garci´a ◽  
Jorge Giraldo ◽  
Antonio Bula ◽  
Adria´n A´vila
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Process Engineering ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Quality Specifications ◽  
American Society ◽  
Continuous Transesterification

Elements of Chemical Process Engineering were used in this research to design and simulate two continuous transesterification processes for the production of biodiesel from palm oil, using the chemical simulator, HYSYS®. This design specified the operating conditions of all the equipment required for the continuous production of biodiesel using ethanol and methanol as alcohols. The palm oil was modeled as a mixture of the triglycerides that compose it in greater proportion, estimating the chemical properties of the substances that take part in the transesterification reaction, with group contributions and group interactions theories. Finally, the quality specifications for biodiesel obtained in both simulations were analyzed to verify the fulfillment of the properties required by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and EN (European Norms) standards.

Esterifikasi asam lemak bebas dalam minyak sawit mentah untuk produksi metilester

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 705
Author(s):  
Tirto Prakoso ◽  
Indra B Kurniawan ◽  
R Heru Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Alternative Diesel Fuel

Methyl esters are one of alkyl esters compound that used as alternative diesel fuel became popular. Methyl esters have similarities on physical and chemical properties with the diesel fuel produced from fossil oil; however it has less combustion and environmental emissions. As fossil oil become rare to be exploited, and the rapid environmental issues, the efforts to develop methyl esters as alternative diesel fuel become a prospective one. One method to produce methyl esters from free fatty acids of crude palm oil (CPO) is the two step esterification-transesterification reaction, each step produce the same final product, however differs in the side product. Esterification produce water and transesterfication produce glycerin. The reaction uses alcohol as main reactant beside the free fatty acids, it can be conducted in batch or continuous production. In this research, the investigation is only emphasized in the first step that is the esterification step to produce methyl esters from free fatty acids contained in crude palm oil. Methanol and sulfuric acid are used as reactant and catalyst respectively. Methyl esters produced by esterification is affected by reaction temperature, amounts of catalyst, and methanol volume. The increase in temperature improved esterification conversion from 19% in 50C to 98% in 60C. While the usage of the highest amount of catalyst, 5 ml/1-CPO, led to produced the highest conversion relative to the conversion from 1 and 3 ml/1-CPO catalyst. Furthermore, 10% amount of methanol per volume CPO produced higher yield than 8%.Keywords : Biodiesel,  CPO Free Fatty Acid Esterification, Methyl Ester ConversionAbstrak Metil ester merupakan suatu senyawa alkil ester yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Metil ester memiliki sifat fisik dan kimia yang hampir sam a dengan minyak diesel yang dihasilkan dari minyak bumi tetapi emisi pembakaran dari penggunaan ester metal lebih rendah dari pada emisi hasil penggunaan minyak solar. Seiring dengan semakin langkanya sumber minyak bumi dan semakin gencarnya isu lingkungan hidup, pengembangan ester metil sebagai bahan bakar pengganti minyak solar semakin prospektif. Pembuatan ester metil dari asam lemak bebas minyak sawit mentah (crude palm oil) dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara antara lain dengan reaksi esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi menggunakan alkohol. Reaksi-reaksi ini dapat dilaksanakan secara batch maupun kontinu. Pada penelitian yang telah dilakukan, pembuatan ester metil dari asam lemak bebas minyak sawit mentah dilakukan dengan reaksi esterifikasi secara batch, dengan reaktan berupa minyak sawit mentah dan metanol. Katalis yang digunakan adalah H2SO4. Konversi ester metil yang dihasilkan dipengaruhi oleh temperatur reaksi, konsentrasi katalis dan konsentrasi metanol. Kenaikan temperatur reaksi akan meningkatkan konversi dari 19% pada 50oC menjadi 98% pada 60oC. Dengan menggunakan konsentrasi katalis tertinggi 5ml/l CPO memicu konversi tertinggi relatif dibandingkan nilai konversi dari 1 dan 3 ml/l CPO. 10% metanol menghasilkan perolehan tinggi dibanding 8%.Kata Kunci: Biodiesel, EsterifikasiAsam Lemak Bebas CPO, Konversi Ester Metil

scholarly journals Influence of the reaction time on the quality (physical-chemical properties) of biofuels obtained through catalytic cracking of crude palm oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Alex Pereira Mota ◽  
Andréia Andrade Mancio ◽  
Jhuliana Silva Santanna ◽  
Valtiane de Jesus Pantoja Gama ◽  
Nélio Teixeira Machado
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Physical Chemical

The present paper investigated the influence of the reaction time on the quality (physical-chemical properties) of biofuels obtained by catalytic cracking of crude palm oil (CPO). The influence of the reaction time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min) on the quality of crude biofuels denominated organic liquid products (OLP) was investigated through experiments carried out in a cracking pilot plant with capacity of 143 L in the following operating conditions: 20 wt% sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as catalyst, 450 °C, 1 atm and batch mode operation. The quality of the biofuels produced was certified through physical-chemical analyzes (acid value, saponification value, specific gravity, refractive index, kinematic viscosity, corrosiveness to copper, and flash point). The results show that the physical-chemical properties of OLP decrease as the reaction time increases, in such a way that, catalytic cracking process occurs efficiently in the interval of 10 to 20 min after its start, which can be finalized when it reaches 30 minutes of reaction. In addition, Na2CO3 was essential as a catalyst in the cracking reaction to reduce the physical-chemical properties of OLPs obtained at different times, allowing the specific gravity, kinematic viscosity and corrosivity to copper to be within or very close to the limits established for Diesel S10.

Cathodoluminescence of Catalyst Crystallites

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
E.D. Boyes ◽  
P.L. Gai ◽  
D.B. Darby ◽  
C. Warwick
Keyword(s):  
Defect Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Semiconductor Materials ◽  
Environmental Cell ◽  
High Resolution Structure ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Crystallographic Defects ◽  
Resolution Structure

The extended crystallographic defects introduced into some oxide catalysts under operating conditions may be a consequence and accommodation of the changes produced by the catalytic activity, rather than always being the origin of the reactivity. Operation without such defects has been established for the commercially important tellurium molybdate system. in addition it is clear that the point defect density and the electronic structure can both have a significant influence on the chemical properties and hence on the effectiveness (activity and selectivity) of the material as a catalyst. SEM/probe techniques more commonly applied to semiconductor materials, have been investigated to supplement the information obtained from in-situ environmental cell HVEM, ultra-high resolution structure imaging and more conventional AEM and EPMA chemical microanalysis.

Pre-hydrogenation stage as a strategy to improve the continuous production of a diesel-like biofuel from palm oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 505-515
Author(s):  
Juan I. del Río ◽  
William Pérez ◽  
Fernando Cardeño ◽  
James Marín ◽  
Luis A. Rios
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Continuous Production

scholarly journals Special Issue: Green Sustainable Chemical Processes

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Hernández Fernández ◽  
Antonia Pérez de los Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Process Engineering ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
Special Issue

Sustainable chemical process engineering results from applying the principles of green chemistry or sustainable chemistry to chemical process engineering [...]

Monitoring of Fluctuations in the Physical and Chemical Properties of a High-Calcium Fly Ash

1987 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Schlorholtz ◽  
Ken Bergeson ◽  
Turgut Demirel
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACTThe physical and chemical properties of fly ash produced at Ottumwa Generating Station have been monitored since April, 1985. The fly ash is produced from burning a low sulfur, sub-bituminous coal obtained from the Powder River Basin near Gillette, Wyoming. One-hundred and sixty samples of fly ash were obtained during the two year period. All of the samples were subjected to physical testing as specified by ASTM C 311. About one-hundred of the samples were also subjected to a series of tests designed to monitor the self-cementing properties of the fly ash. Many of the fly ash samples were subjected to x-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis to define the mineralogical and chemical composition of the bulk fly ash as a function of sampling date. Hydration products in selected hardened fly ash pastes, were studied by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The studies indicated that power plant operating conditions influenced the compressive strength of the fly ash paste specimens. Mineralogical and morphological studies of the fly ash pastes indicated that stratlingite formation occurred in the highstrength specimens, while ettringite was the major hydration product evident in the low-strength specimens.

Recent Advances in Lower Bound Shakedown Analysis

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Weichert ◽  
Abdelkader Hachemi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Lower Bound ◽  
Process Engineering ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Shakedown Analysis ◽  
Material Models ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
Safe Operating ◽  
New Algorithms

The special interest in lower bound shakedown analysis is that it provides, at least in principle, safe operating conditions for sensitive structures or structural elements under fluctuating thermo-mechanical loading as to be found in power- and process engineering. In this paper achievements obtained over the last years to introduce more sophisticated material models into the framework of shakedown analysis are developed. Also new algorithms will be presented that allow using the addressed numerical methods as post-processor for commercial finite element codes. Examples from practical engineering will illustrate the potential of the methodology.

Optimization of biodiesel synthesis under simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation using response surface methodology (RSM)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Safieddin Ardebili ◽  
Teymor Tavakoli Hashjin ◽  
Barat Ghobadian ◽  
Gholamhasan Najafi ◽  
Stefano Mantegna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

AbstractThis work investigates the effect of simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation on palm oil transesterification and uncovers optimal operating conditions. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to analyze the influence of reaction conditions, including methanol/palm oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and irradiation time on biodiesel yield. RSM analyses indicate 136 s and 129 s as the optimal sonication and microwave irradiation times, respectively. Optimized parameters for full conversion (97.53%) are 1.09% catalyst concentration and a 7:3.1 methanol/oil molar ratio at 58.4°C. Simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation dramatically accelerates the palm oil transesterification reaction. Pure biodiesel was obtained after only 2.2 min while the conventional method requires about 1 h.

scholarly journals Performance of novel dielectric barrier discharge reactor for biodiesel production from palm oil and ethanol

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 02010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Dafinah Ramadhani ◽  
Saphira Nurina Fakhri ◽  
Setijo Bismo
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Dbd Plasma ◽  
Spiral Coil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

The disadvantages of conventional biodiesel synthesis trigger the birth of new biodiesel synthesis methods using the DBD plasma reactor. The conventional methods with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts have significant constraints that the formation of glycerol compounds in large enough quantities that require considerable energy. The aim of present experiment is to design DBD non-thermal plasma reactor coaxial pipe type and to do its performance test in converting biodiesel The feed stock used are palm oil, ethanol, and argon gas as plasma carrier. Such a chemical reactor, this plasma reactor is also influenced by reaction kinetics and hydrodynamic factors. From this research, it can be seen that the optimum feed and gas flowrate being operated is 1.64 and 41.67 mL/s. The plasma reactor is used in the form of a quartz glass tube surrounded by a SS-314 spiral coil as an outer electrode. The applied operating conditions are 1 : 1 molar ratio of methanol/oil, ambient temperature of 28 - 30 °C, and pressure 1 bar. From this performance test, it is found that this plasma reactor can be used to synthesize biodiesel from palm oil and methanol without catalyst, no formation of soap, and minimal byproducts.

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