Energy Absorption of Axial Members With the Inclusion of Functionally Graded Cellular Structure

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Khairul Alam ◽  
Eboreime Ohioma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Shell Elements ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Deformation Modes

Axial members are commonly used in automotive structures and are responsible for absorbing significant portion of impact energy in the event of an accident. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of inclusion of functionally graded cellular structures in thin walled members under compressive axial loading. A compact functionally graded cellular structure was introduced inside a 352 mm long square tube with side length and wall thickness of 74 mm and 3.048 mm, respectively. The tube wall material was aluminum. The cellular structure’s geometry was observed in the cross-section of a banana peel that has a specific graded cellular packing in a confined space. This packing enables the peel to protect the internal soft core from external impacts. The same cellular pattern was used to construct the structure in present study. The study was conducted using non-linear finite element analysis in ABAQUS. The hybrid structure (tube and graded cellular structure) was fixed on one side and on the other (free end) side, was struck by a rigid mass of 300 Kg travelling at a velocity of 35 mph (15.64 m/s) along the axis of the square tube and perpendicular to the in-plane direction of the graded cellular structure. The tube and cell walls were discretized using reduced integration, hourglass control, 4 nodes, and hexahedral shell elements. The impact plate was modeled with 4 node rigid shell elements. General contact conditions were applied to define surface interaction among graded structure, square tube, and rigid plate. The parameters governing the energy absorbing characteristics such as deformation or collapsing modes, crushing/ reactive force, and energy curves, were evaluated. The results showed that the inclusion of graded cellular structure increased the energy absorption capacity of the square tube by 41.06%. The graded structure underwent progressive stepwise, layer by layer, crushing mode and provided lateral stability to the square tube thus delaying local tube wall collapse and promoting outward convex localized folds on the tube’s periphery as compared to highly localized and compact deformation modes that are typically observed in an empty square tube under axial compressive loading. The variation in deformation mode, large contact areas, presence of graded cellular structure resulted in enhanced stiffness of the hybrid structure, and therefore, high energy absorption by the structure. The results of this preliminary study show a potential of functionally graded cellular materials to significantly improve the energy absorbing capacities of thin walled members under axial loading by altering member’s crushing deformation modes.

Composite Core Cross Tube Crushing Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Jenson ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Khairul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Deformation Mode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Energy Absorbing

Abstract Thin walled axial members are typically used in automobiles’ side and front chassis to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. Extensive work has been done in exploring energy absorbing characteristics of thin walled structural members under axial compressive loading. The present study is a continuation of the work presented earlier on evaluating the effects of inclusion of functionally graded cellular structures in thin walled members under axial compressive loading. A compact functionally graded composite cellular core was introduced inside a cross tube with side length and wall thickness of 25.4 mm and 3.048 mm, respectively. The parameters governing the energy absorbing characteristics such as deformation or collapsing modes, crushing/ reactive force, plateau stress level, and energy curves, were evaluated. The results showed that the inclusion of composite graded cellular structure increased the energy absorption capacity of the cross tube significantly. The composite graded structure underwent progressive stepwise, layer by layer, crushing mode and provided lateral stability to the cross tube thus delaying local tube wall collapse and promoting large localized folds on the tube’s periphery as compared to highly localized and compact deformation modes that were observed in the empty cross tube under axial compressive loading. The variation in deformation mode resulted in enhanced stiffness of the composite structure, and therefore, high energy absorption by the structure. This aspect has a potential to be exploited to improve the crashworthiness of automobile structures.

scholarly journals Design and Numerical Simulation of Pyramidal Prefolded Patterned Thin-Walled Tubes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Junxian Zhou ◽  
Chuang Dong ◽  
Bingzhi Chen ◽  
Xu Niu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Geometric Analysis ◽  
Deformation Mode ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Energy Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Deformation Modes

An improved pyramidal prefolded pattern was designed and applied to thin-walled tubes. This delicately designed pattern modularizes the tube to control the folding process and act as an inducer to trigger deformation modes with outstanding crushing performance. Dynamic crushing tests were conducted numerically; the simulation results reveal that the patterned square tube developed a deformation mode with shorter wavelength, better load consistencies, and higher energy-absorption efficiency (up to 29%) than that of the traditional counterpart. Moreover, geometric analysis was performed and structural improvements were conducted by applying the optimal geometric parameters onto an octagonal profile. The designed patterned octagonal tube collapsed into a highly efficient deformation mode known as diamond mode. Furthermore, the comparative results show that patterned octagonal tubes demonstrated an energy absorption up to 90.1% higher than that of a conventional square column while improving the geometric compliance. These findings enrich research on patterned tubes and provide new explorations for the development of high-performance energy-absorbing structures.

Effects of Functionally Graded Cellular Core on Energy Absorption Response of Thin Walled Composite Axial Members

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Khairul Alam ◽  
Eboreime Ohioma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Deformation Mode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Composite Tube ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Energy Absorbing

Thin walled axial members are typically used in vehicles’ side and front chassis to improve crashworthiness. Extensive work has been done in exploring energy absorbing characteristics of thin walled structural members under axial compressive loading. The present study is a continuation of the work presented earlier on evaluating the effects of presence of functionally graded cellular structures in thin walled members. A functionally graded aluminum cellular core in compact form was placed inside a steel square tube. The crushing behavior was modeled using ABAQUS/Explicit module. The variables affecting the energy absorbing characteristics, for example, deformation or collapsing modes, crushing/ reactive force, plateau stress level, and energy curves, were studied. An approximate 35% increase in the energy absorption capacity of steel tube was observed by adding aluminum graded cellular structure to the square tube. The aluminum graded structure crushed systematically in a layered manner and its presence as core supported the steel square tube side walls in transverse direction and postponed the local (tube) wall collapse. This resulted in composite tube undergoing larger localized folds as compared to highly compact localized folds, which appeared in the steel tube without any graded core. The variation in deformation mode resulted in increased stiffness of the composite structure, and therefore, high energy absorption by the structure. Further, a relatively constant crushing force was observed in the composite tube promoting lower impulse. This aspect has a potential to be exploited to improve the crashworthiness of automobile structures.

Effects of Wall Thickness and Crush Initiators Position under Experimental Drop Test on Square Tubes

2017 ◽  
Vol 865 ◽  
pp. 612-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Malawat ◽  
Jos Istiyanto ◽  
D.A. Sumarsono
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Load Force ◽  
Drop Height ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Initial Peak ◽  
Load Mass

Crush initiators are the weakest points to reduce initial peak load force with significant energy absorption ability. The objective of this paper is to study the effects of square tube thickness and crush initiators position for impact energy absorber (IEA) performance on thin-walled square tubes. Two square tubes having thickness about 0.6 mm (specimen code A) and 1 mm (specimen Code C) were tested under dynamic load. The crushing initiator is designed around the shape of the tube wall and has eight holes with a fixed diameter of 6.5 mm. In the experiment, the crushing initiator was determined at 5 different locations on the specimen wall. These locations are 10 mm, 20 mm. 30 mm, 40 mm, and 50 mm measured from the initial collision position of the specimen tested. The impact load mass was about 80 kg and had a drop height of about 1.5 m. Using the simulation program of the LabVIEW Professional Development System 2011 and National Instrument (NI) 9234 software equipped with data acquisition hardware NI cDAQ-9174 the signal from the load cell was sent to a computer. By controlling the thickness of the thin-walled square tube, the peak loading force can be decreased by approximately 56.75% and energy absorption ability of IEA can be increased approximately to 11.83%. By using different thin-walled square tube can produce different best crush initiators position with the lowest peak load force.

A novel axially half corrugated thin-walled tube for energy absorption under Axial loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 106418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirreza Sadighi ◽  
Arameh Eyvazian ◽  
Masoud Asgari ◽  
Abdel Magid Hamouda
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Thin Walled Tube ◽  
Thin Walled

Energy Absorption of Thin Walled Members Under Axial Compressive Loading

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eboreime Ohioma ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Khairul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compressive Loads ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Deformation Modes

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cross-sectional geometry on thin wall axial crushing members for the purpose of improved energy absorption. A total of five geometrically equivalent shapes (same wall thickness area, material, and length) were analyzed namely, triangle, rectangle, square, pentagon, and circle. The deformation modes and energy absorption of the members were studied under compressive loads and compared using ABAQUS/Explicit module, finite element analysis software. The simulations revealed that for the five geometrically equivalent cross sections under equal loading conditions, the pentagon shaped member absorbed the highest amount of energy. As compared to baseline rectangle member, the pentagon member absorbed approximately 25–28% more energy.

Energy Absorption Numerical Analysis of Mine Impingement Thin-Walled Components with Different Configurations

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 2572-2578
Author(s):  
Zhi Tang ◽  
Yi Shan Pan ◽  
Xiao Jing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Regular Hexagon ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Ground Pressure ◽  
Load Fluctuation ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Deformation Modes

For the effective prevention and control of mine bumps, or to a certain extent, to reduce the loss the losses caused by impact ground pressure accident,thin-walled components are proposed to be applied as a scaffold components in roadway supporting. Components impingement is reflected in the component crushed process ,in which the impacting energy absorption and crushing space provide certain amount of energy to free up space. The energy absorption characteristics of different configuration thin-walled components has been simulated with ABAQUS finite element, such as the conventional square,regular hexagon, round and origami square, regular hexagon etc,.and the results showed that: (1) The problem of conventional components is larger load fluctuation coefficient. Origami component is a kind of perfect impingement components ,as it can reduce peak loads and the load fluctuation coefficient effectively. (2) Under different ratios width-to-thickness, components can have different deformation modes, but the relationship of peak load and wall thickness is near linear and has nothing to do with the deformation modes. (3) The component can have a relatively lower crushing peak load and load fluctuation coefficient and relatively higher specific energy absorption,if given a suitable diamond concave angle. impingement components using combined with existing supports can make the existing supports to become top beam impingement support , mudsill impingement support ,two sides impingement support and impingement hydraumatic support and so on.

scholarly journals Crashworthiness Optimization of Thin-Walled Rail with Different Collision Boundary Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 558-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hequan Wu ◽  
Libo Cao ◽  
Hongfeng Mao
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Approximate Model ◽  
Impact Angle ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Energy Absorbing

As the world automotive crash safety regulations are different, it’s very important to design the energy absorbing structures that satisfy different collision boundary conditions. A large number of vehicle energy absorption beams dimensions were measured and then a common thin-walled rail was chosen. Considering the complexity of automobile collision boundary, finite element analysis and experimental design, interval uncertain algorithms, Kriging approximate model, NSGA - II genetic algorithm were combined to optimize the structure of the thin-walled rail with different impact velocity and different impact angle. Then the Pareto optimal solution was obtained. Thin walled beam after optimization has good energy absorption characteristics under different collision boundary conditions. Research results provide a method for the designing of a car that meets various crash regulations at the same time.

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