Development of a Low Cost Self-Sustaining Water Distillation System Using Activated Carbon Nanofluids

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashreet Mishra ◽  
A. G. Agwu Nnanna
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Water Distillation ◽  
Distillation System ◽  
Parametric Studies

There is an ever increasing need to provide clean and portable drinking water in developing countries because of the poor quality of water, which causes various water borne diseases killing millions of infants and elderly people every year. There have been a lot of recent developments in the field of solar enabled water distillation where pure water is being generated. But a majority of the system use some type of external energy source for the system to run on which might make it efficient but can cause dependence on energy sources. The power of the Sun can be effectively harnessed and used as heat and light source for efficient steam generation. One of the challenges is to develop a low cost system which can perform at par with the best and extravagant systems. This paper investigates the performance of the solar distillation system when activated carbon nanoparticles are used along with brine and other sources of impure water so as to obtain clean water. The activated carbon nanoparticle which are an efficient and cheap mode of water purification enhanced the productivity of the system by 190% when compared to saline water due to its steam generation properties. A solar simulator of 1KWm2 was used to simulate the sun. Various parameters like the variation of air flow on condensation rate, height of fluid on vapor production rate and the temperature variation of the system are evaluated. Parametric studies of the effect of water quality and salinity were performed. It was determined that the optimum output rate of distilled water was 240 grams (6000gday.m2) was determined by the system from the parametric studies and the system is feasible and cost effective to be used in real world application. All of these standout features make the system a low cost option which can tackle the clean water dilemma in developing countries.

scholarly journals Super Hydrophilic Activated Carbon Decorated Nanopolymer Foam for Scalable, Energy Efficient Photothermal Steam Generation, as an Effective Desalination System

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2510
Author(s):  
Naila Arshad ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Sultan Irshad ◽  
Hong Rong Li ◽  
Xianbao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Melamine Foam

Clean water scarcity is still an intense, prolonged global issue that needs to be resolved urgently. The solar steam generation has shown great potential with a high energy conversion efficiency for clean water production from seawater and wastewater. However, the high evaporation rate of water cannot be preserved due to the inevitable fouling of solar absorbers. Herein, a self-floatable and super hydrophilic solar-driven steam generator composed of activated carbon coated melamine foam (ACM). The deposited ACM photothermal layer exhibits outstanding solar absorption (92%) and an efficient evaporation rate of 1.27 kg m−2 h−1, along with excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (80%) as compared to commercially available primitive solar stills. The open porous assembly of melamine foam equipped with 80% flexibility (0.8 MPa) enabled smooth water transport and sustain heat accumulation within the matrix. The thermal insulation of ACM is 10 times greater than pure water. Moreover, open porous assembly of designed solar-powered steam generator rejects salt ions as well as volatile organic compounds efficiently. The low-cost and facile fabrication of photothermal based water production presents a potential solution to single step drinking water supply from various resources of the sea, the lakes and mixtures of emulsified oil and industrial wastewater.

Parabolic Sun Tracking Solar Distillation System

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar O. Badran ◽  
Ismail M. A. Arafat ◽  
Salah A. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Water Distillation ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
Distillation System

The main aim of the present study is to draw attention to the possibilities and to the measures of appropriate utilization of renewable energy to achieve what is called “water self-sufficient” for arid regions in Jordan. Also to put efforts of increasing the use of renewable energy sources to lower cost of potable water pumping and gives more economical benefits. Another aim of the current research is to utilize the new control algorithm and the developed computer capabilities in the field of sun tracking in order to improve the efficiency of solar distillers. The new tracking method is utilized for water distillation taking advantage of high possible concentration of parabolic trough collector to reach high levels of daily yield per square meter. The present research utilizes the techniques of image processing to catch the core of the sun as the target, also used artificial intelligence techniques to predict the sun position in abnormal conditions (i.e. cloudy, dusty, rainy). The results of sun tracking using image processing found to be accurate and reliable according to the self monitoring of the focus point validated by the solar radiation results. Water distillation yield shows high percentage output of distillate of about 65% of water supplied to distiller. Mechanical design was tested for high ability to withstand the extra loading. It was found that the output yield reached to noticeable levels, because of the use of the parabolic collector that promoted the solar still efficiency.

A Novel Activated Carbon Enabled Steam Generation System Under Simulated Solar Light

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashreet Mishra ◽  
A. G. Agwu Nnanna
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Solar Light ◽  
Bulk Temperature ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Simulated Solar Light ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Rate Of Evaporation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Time

A number of studies on CNT, Au and Ag solar enabled steam generation with potential application in water purification, distillation and sterilization of medical equipment. The key challenge with these nanoparticles is cost of production hence limiting its wide application for clean water production. This work for the first time, reports on activated carbon enabled steam generation hence addressing the cost limitations of metallic nanoparticles. Activated carbon has high solar absorptivity at various wavelengths of visible light under low concentration. Experiments were carried out using activated carbon and CNT nanofluids and polyurethane membrane with immobilized activated carbon and CNT. A simulated solar light of 1 KW ∼1 Sun was used. The rate of evaporation, temporal and spatial evolution of bulk temperature in the water were monitored automatically and recorded for further data reductions. Parametric studies of the effect of nanoparticle concentration, water quality and salinity were performed. Experimental evidence showed that activated carbon has potential. We reported for the first time that optimal activated carbon concentration for maximum steam generation is 60 % vol. We also obtained a 160 % increase in steam production rate at 60 % concentration of activated carbon when compared with D.I water.

scholarly journals Dispersed solar still for effective desalination using montmorillonite nanoparticles for sturdy clean water yield

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Baskaran ◽  
R. Saravanane
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Clay Nanoparticles ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Floating Type ◽  
Solar Steam Generation

Abstract Direct Solar Steam Generation (DSSG) system is an emerging technique in the field of desalination for yielding sustainable clean water. This investigation propagates through the use of nanoscale absorbers (montmorillonite) for sturdy desalination because of their excellent photo thermal conversation of nanoparticles. The solar absorber was dispersed in sea water in liquid type rather than fixed or floating type. Nanoparticles of chemical composition were employed by the researchers from starting to the present day, which includes carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, etc. Inspired by nature and keeping in mind an eco-friendly technique, here we considered montmorillonite clay nanoparticles of natural origin. The experiment was conducted for an operational period of 14 days with a yield of 5.33–6.45 kg/m2/day with an evaporation rate of 0.70, 1.42 and 4.47 kg/m2.hr under 1-, 2- and 4-sun irradiance. The clean water output parameters was validated with WHO standards to satisfy potable water characteristics. The water characteristics before desalination for turbidity, pH, and Cl–, Na+ and TDS were found to be 48.50, 8.7, and 18,400, 12,120, 20,400 mg/L respectively; after desalination they were found to be 0.30, 6.65, 12, 4.5 and 52 mg/L respectively. This work focuses on current water scarcity problem and suggest a way to survival by using naturally available, low cost material.

scholarly journals Cheap, facile, and upscalable activated carbon-based photothermal layers for solar steam generation

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (69) ◽  
pp. 42432-42440
Author(s):  
Anush Mnoyan ◽  
Myeongil Choi ◽  
Dong Hyun Kim ◽  
Bon-Jun Ku ◽  
Hyunjoung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Solar Steam Generation ◽  
Carbon Based

Highly efficient photothermal layers were developed based on a commercially available low-cost material, activated carbon, which demonstrates the potential for practical desalination application with upscalability.

scholarly journals Clean water generation through a multifunctional activated carbon-TiO2 interfacial solar distillation system

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (37) ◽  
pp. 23036-23044
Author(s):  
Kuan-Yu Chen ◽  
Webber Wei-Po Lai ◽  
Hui-Ju Wang ◽  
Cheng-Chieh Lin ◽  
Chun-Wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
System P ◽  
Distillation System

The fabricated AC-P25/foam interfacial system possesses high water productivity, prevention of phenol enrichment and desalination ability in the solar distillation process.

scholarly journals Computer-Aided Design, Modeling and Simulation of a New Solar Still Design

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jeremy (Zheng) Li
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Water Distillation ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Distillation System ◽  
Computer Aided

The clean and pure drinking water is important in today's life but current water sources are usually brackish with bacteria that cannot be used for drinking. About 78% of water available in the sea is salty, 21% of water is brackish, and only 1% of water is fresh. Distillation is one of the feasible processes applied to water purification, and it requires the energy inputs, such as solar radiation. Water is evaporated in this distillation process and water vapor can be separated and condensed to pure water. Now, with the change from conventional fuels to renewable and environment friendly fuels sources, the modern technology allows to use the abundant energy from the sun. It is better to use solar energy to process the water desalination since it is more economical than the use of conventional energies. The main focus of this paper is applying computer-aided modeling and simulation to design a less complex solar water distillation system. The prototype of this solar still system is also built to verify its feasibility, functionality, and reliability. The computational simulation and prototype testing show the reliability and proper functionality of this solar water distillation system.

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of Solar Parabolic Collector for Water Distillation

10.29007/mq4d ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinkal Choksi ◽  
Hitesh Bhargav ◽  
Upendra Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Polar Ice ◽  
Parabolic Trough Collector ◽  
Water Distillation ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Distillation System ◽  
Drinkable Water ◽  
Parabolic Collector

From geographic data around the planet is covered around 70% with water, but out of total, only around 2% is of fresh water, and out of total fresh water, about 1.6% is not used because it is located in polar ice caps and glaciers. So total of the earth’s water, 98% is saltwater, 1.6% is in polar ice caps and glaciers, and 0.4% is drinkable water, which is available from underground wells or rivers. The survey shows that around 1 billion people, or 14.7% of the total earth’s population, still do not have pure safe drinkable water. So here an effort is made to design a water distillation system with use of the solar parabolic trough that can purify water from any source of water and convert it in to drinkable form. A solar parabolic trough collector is used to convert water into steam and later condense the steam to get pure water.

scholarly journals Formation and speciation of Sullage Water Natural Conduct analysis of Fuzzy logic Application by Solar Distillation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.24) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Shanmugan ◽  
Selvaraju P ◽  
M Karthickeyan ◽  
A Saravanan ◽  
G Akash Kanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
Drinkable Water ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Techniques

The recital analysis of thermal techniques for sullage water treatment and fuzzy logic techniques are used to harvest clean water, drinkable water (H2O), fertilizer, ash impurity adding with cement from sullage water by using the energy of the sun. The experimental analysis of sullage water process is implemented of strong luminous that diurnal with weather condition in Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr Sakunthala Engineering College. It is an innovation to reduce the fluid waste and called water quality conversion. The suspended fluid waste changes the excellence of pure water and ash by thermal and fuzzy logic techniques. In this work is to analyze and compare between pure water and sullage water. It is analyzed of one of the days in the system have been given the 24 hr cycle, the total drip production of the proposed system is found to be 7.324 kg/m2day and without drip 4.952 kg/m2day and Overall efficiency is 36%. 

MASALAH DAN ALTERNATIF TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN AIR UNTUK MASYARAKAT MISKIN KOTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Daily Water

Clean water to poor communities who live in crowded municipal area is stillexpensive and a luxury. This condition is evidenced by the number of people whouse ground water for their daily water, because water taps still seems expensivefor them. Diarrheal disease is still relatively high for Indonesia, where nearly 16thousand people suffer from diarrhea due to poor sanitation. To help the poor inthe city, there are several alternative technologies that can be applied to publicaccess to clean water and adequate low-cost, including ground water treatmenttechnology with a filter system equipped with an ultraviolet sterilizer, or ozonegenerators, or using ultrafiltration, if possible can also use the reverse osmosismembrane that for fresh water. Arsinum is the best alternative should be chosenfor fulfilled potable water in slump area.Keywords : Sanitation, water treatment technology, portable water, low-cost, slump area

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