Categorization of Design for Additive Manufacturing Concepts

Research Article ◽

The Many ◽

Abstract Design for AM (DfAM) has become a widely followed research field with practitioners outside of the research community looking for instructions and inspiration on how to leverage the unique capabilities of AM in their products. The research community has responded by producing an abundance of valuable DfAM literature. However, although each individual research article is useful and can answer specific questions, the connection between them can be difficult to fathom due to the lack of a structured overview of DfAM. This paper proposes a categorization framework to organize the many concepts of DfAM in a structured manner. The framework for the categorization used in this paper is based on a widely used generic product design workflow of Pahl and Beitz that is augmented with concepts from AM literature. The framework is a tool for researchers to position their work in relation to other literature, and it can also be used as a support to achieve novel product designs with AM. To demonstrate how the framework can be used for guided design, the paper presents every stage of the design process in the context of designing a proof-of-concept heat exchanger that leverages the technical benefits of AM.

Development of a Design for Additive Manufacturing Worksheet for Medical Casts

10.1115/detc2021-72103 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Heena Noh ◽

Kijung Park ◽

Kiwon Park ◽

Gül E. Okudan Kremer

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

High Strength ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Operational Performance ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Novice Designers ◽

Criteria Importance ◽

Abstract Traditional plaster casts often cause dermatitis due to disadvantages in usability and wearability. Additive manufacturing (AM) can fabricate customized casts to have light-weight, high strength, and better air permeability. Although existing studies have provided design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) guidelines to facilitate design applications for AM, most relevant studies focused on the mechanical properties of outputs and too general/specific design guidelines; novice designers may still have difficulty understanding trade-offs between functional and operational performance of various DfAM aspects for medical casts. As a response, this study proposes a DfAM worksheet for medical casts to effectively guide novice designers. First, important DfAM criteria and their possible solutions for medical casts are examined through a literature review to construct a basic DfAM framework for medical casts. Next, a scoring system that considers relative criteria importance and criteria evaluation from both functional and operational perspectives is developed to identify the overall suitability of a medical cast design for AM. A case study of finger cast designs was performed to identify the DfAM performance of the sample designs along with redesign requirements suggested by the worksheet. The proposed worksheet would be used to achieve rapid medical cast design by objectively assessing its suitability for AM.

Maximizing design potential: investigating the effects of utilizing opportunistic and restrictive design for additive manufacturing in rapid response solutions

Rapid Prototyping Journal ◽

10.1108/rpj-11-2020-0297 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Rohan Prabhu ◽

Jordan Scott Masia ◽

Joseph T. Berthel ◽

Nicholas Alexander Meisel ◽

Timothy W. Simpson

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Linear Models ◽

Content Type ◽

Manufacturing Efficiency ◽

Material Usage ◽

Build Time ◽

Rapid Prototyping And Manufacturing ◽

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in numerous innovative engineering design solutions, several of which leverage the rapid prototyping and manufacturing capabilities of additive manufacturing. This paper aims to study a subset of these solutions for their utilization of design for AM (DfAM) techniques and investigate the effects of DfAM utilization on the creativity and manufacturing efficiency of these solutions. Design/methodology/approach This study compiled 26 COVID-19-related solutions designed for AM spanning three categories: (1) face shields (N = 6), (2) face masks (N = 12) and (3) hands-free door openers (N = 8). These solutions were assessed for (1) DfAM utilization, (2) manufacturing efficiency and (3) creativity. The relationships between these assessments were then computed using generalized linear models to investigate the influence of DfAM utilization on manufacturing efficiency and creativity. Findings It is observed that (1) unique and original designs scored lower in their AM suitability, (2) solutions with higher complexity scored higher on usefulness and overall creativity and (3) solutions with higher complexity had higher build cost, build time and material usage. These findings highlight the need to account for both opportunistic and restrictive DfAM when evaluating solutions designed for AM. Balancing the two DfAM perspectives can support the development of solutions that are creative and consume fewer build resources. Originality/value DfAM evaluation tools primarily focus on AM limitations to help designers avoid build failures. This paper proposes the need to assess designs for both, their opportunistic and restrictive DfAM utilization to appropriately assess the manufacturing efficiency of designs and to realize the creative potential of adopting AM.

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: AN EXPLORATIVE STUDY

Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference ◽

10.1017/dsd.2020.307 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 441-450

Author(s):

F. Valjak ◽

N. Bojčetić ◽

A. Nordin ◽

D. Godec

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Conceptual Design ◽

Industrial Application ◽

Future Trends ◽

Explorative Study ◽

New Challenges ◽

Design Workshop ◽

AbstractWith the broader industrial application of Additive Manufacturing (AM), designers are facing new challenges in conceptual design for AM. To better understand the problematic, the authors organised a design workshop with six experts in AM. The paper presents the results of the conducted design workshop and discusses the current and future trends in research on the conceptual design for AM.

Fresh in My Mind! Investigating the Effects of the Order of Presenting Opportunistic and Restrictive Design for Additive Manufacturing Content on Creativity

Volume 3: 17th International Conference on Design Education (DEC) ◽

10.1115/detc2020-22449 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rohan Prabhu ◽

Scarlett R. Miller ◽

Timothy W. Simpson ◽

Nicholas A. Meisel

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Engineering Students ◽

Manufacturing Processes ◽

Undergraduate Engineering ◽

Traditional Manufacturing ◽

Order Of Presentation ◽

Am Processes ◽

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) processes present designers with creative freedoms beyond the capabilities of traditional manufacturing processes. However, to successfully leverage AM, designers must balance their creativity against the limitations inherent in these processes to ensure the feasibility of their designs. This feasible adoption of AM can be achieved if designers learn about and apply opportunistic and restrictive design for AM (DfAM) techniques at appropriate stages of the design process. Researchers have demonstrated the effect of the order of presentation of information on the learning and retrieval of said information; however, there is a need to explore this effect within DfAM education. In this paper, we explore this gap through an experimental study involving 195 undergraduate engineering students. Specifically, we compare two variations in DfAM education: (1) opportunistic DfAM followed by restrictive DfAM, and (2) restrictive DfAM followed by opportunistic DfAM, against only opportunistic DFAM and only restrictive DfAM training. These variations are compared through (1) differences in participants’ DfAM self-efficacy, (2) their self-reported DfAM use, and (3) the creativity of their design outcomes. From the results, we see that only students trained in opportunistic DfAM, with or without restrictive DfAM, present a significant increase in their opportunistic DfAM self-efficacy. However, all students trained in DfAM — opportunistic, restrictive, or both — demonstrated an increase in their restrictive DfAM self-efficacy. Further, we see that teaching restrictive DfAM first followed by opportunistic DfAM results in the generation of ideas with greater creativity — a novel research finding. These results highlight the need for educators to account for the effects of the order of presenting content to students, especially when educating students about DfAM.

Design and Fabrication of Hierarchical Multi-Stable Structures Through Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing

Volume 2A: 42nd Design Automation Conference ◽

10.1115/detc2016-59856 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tian Chen ◽

Kristina Shea

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Design Procedure ◽

The Novel ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Form Finding ◽

Out Of Plane ◽

3D Printed ◽

Novel Structures ◽

Design For Am ◽

Stable Structures

The design and fabrication of hierarchical multi-stable structures using multi-material Additive Manufacturing (AM) is presented. First a reversible bistable unit actuator is designed to serve as the basis of the design hierarchy. With this unit actuator, the authors present monolithically printed proof-of-concept structures that can transform to multiple activated states, all of which are stable without the need for continuous energy input. The equilibrium positions of these hierarchical designs are found through iterative form finding when necessary. The novel structures illustrated in this paper are only made possible through design for AM that exploits the capabilities of a multi-material, inkjet 3D printer. The design procedure is illustrated through two concepts. The first consists of a series of tetrahedra fabricated as tiled deployable triangles with the out-of-plane members consisting of the actuators in the retracted configuration. The second concept consists of multiple shape changing square unit modules tiled in a grid to achieve complex 3D activated states including a hemisphere, a hyperbolic paraboloid, a star and a cube. Their design and prototyping form the foundation for new types of active and deployable 3D printed structures.

DERIVATION OF CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING SOLUTION PRINCIPLES CONFORMAL FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

Proceedings of the Design Society ◽

10.1017/pds.2021.92 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 923-932

Author(s):

Gregory-Jamie Tüzün ◽

Enno Garrelts ◽

Daniel Roth ◽

Hansgeorg Binz

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Conceptual Design ◽

The Many

AbstractAdditively manufactured final products and components are not always tailored to the additive manufacturing (AM) process, but they need to be in order to exploit the many advantages and potentials that AM provides. Therefore, an appropriate AM design should be targeted, which reduces the necessary iterations in the developing process of AM products. Although there is a large number of existing literature on the Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM), designers usually lack criteria in order to assess AM-conformity in conceptual design. In this paper, we provide a basis for the assessment of solution principles regarding their conformity for additive manufacturing.First, existing literature on DfAM and AM products is reviewed comprehensively to derive criteria for the AM-conformity of solution principles. Subsequently, the correlations between these criteria are identified including the interdependencies to be considered when assessing AM-conformity. A basis for assessment is created, which offers designers early support in the development of AM-conformal designs.

Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism: From Proof of Concept to Therapeutic Intervention

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9061302 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1302

Author(s):

Patrice D. Cani ◽

Emilie Moens de Hase ◽

Matthias Van Hul

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Research Field ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Clinical Implementation ◽

Science Area ◽

Microbiome Research ◽

Fast Pace ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Host Metabolism

The field of the gut microbiota is still a relatively young science area, yet many studies have already highlighted the translational potential of microbiome research in the context of human health and disease. However, like in many new fields, discoveries are occurring at a fast pace and have provided new hope for the development of novel clinical applications in many different medical conditions, not in the least in metabolic disorders. This rapid progress has left the field vulnerable to premature claims, misconceptions and criticism, both from within and outside the sector. Tackling these issues requires a broad collaborative effort within the research field and is only possible by acknowledging the difficulties and challenges that are faced and that are currently hindering clinical implementation. These issues include: the primarily descriptive nature of evidence, methodological concerns, disagreements in analysis techniques, lack of causality, and a rather limited molecular-based understanding of underlying mechanisms. In this review, we discuss various studies and models that helped identifying the microbiota as an attractive tool or target for developing various translational applications. We also discuss some of the limitations and try to clarify some common misconceptions that are still prevalent in the field.

A Survey on Blockchain-Based Search Engines

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11157063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 7063

Author(s):

Esmaeel Rezaee ◽

Ali Mohammad Saghiri ◽

Agostino Forestiero

Keyword(s):

Search Engines ◽

Research Field ◽

The Internet ◽

Context Aware ◽

Search System ◽

Search Results ◽

Related Information ◽

Research Article ◽

Different Types ◽

Search History

With the increasing growth of different types of data, search engines have become an essential tool on the Internet. Every day, billions of queries are run through few search engines with several privacy violations and monopoly problems. The blockchain, as a trending technology applied in various fields, including banking, IoT, education, etc., can be a beneficial alternative. Blockchain-based search engines, unlike monopolistic ones, do not have centralized controls. With a blockchain-based search system, no company can lay claims to user’s data or access search history and other related information. All these data will be encrypted and stored on a blockchain. Valuing users’ searches and paying them in return is another advantage of a blockchain-based search engine. Additionally, in smart environments, as a trending research field, blockchain-based search engines can provide context-aware and privacy-preserved search results. According to our research, few efforts have been made to develop blockchain use, which include studies generally in the early stages and few white papers. To the best of our knowledge, no research article has been published in this regard thus far. In this paper, a survey on blockchain-based search engines is provided. Additionally, we state that the blockchain is an essential paradigm for the search ecosystem by describing the advantages.

A Study on the Integration of Resilience and Smart City Concepts in Urban Systems

Infrastructures ◽

10.3390/infrastructures6020024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Anastasia Tzioutziou ◽

Yiannis Xenidis

Keyword(s):

Smart City ◽

Research Field ◽

Urban Systems ◽

City Management ◽

Urban Resilience ◽

Continuous Growth ◽

Management And Development ◽

The Many ◽

Development And Management

The continuous growth of cities brings out various concerns for improved development and management of the multifaceted urban systems, including those of resilience and smartness. Despite the many significant efforts in the research field, both notions remain changeable, thus retaining the lack of commonly accepted conceptual and terminological frameworks. The paper’s research goals are to designate the current direct and indirect links in the conceptualizations and research trends of the resilience and smart city frameworks and to prove the potential of the conceptual convergence between them in the context of urban systems. The application of a semi-systematic literature review, including bibliometric evidence and followed by content analysis, has led to the observation that as the resilience discourse opens up to embrace other dimensions, including technology, the smart city research turns its interest to the perspective of urban protection. Therefore, both concepts share the goal for urban sustainability realized through specific capacities and processes and operationalized with the deployment of technology. The paper’s findings suggest that the conceptual and operational foundations of these two concepts could support the emergence of an integrated framework. Such a prospect acknowledges the instrumental role of the smart city approach in the pursuit of urban resilience and unfolds a new model for sustainable city management and development.

GEOMETRICAL BENCHMARKING OF LASER POWDER BED FUSION SYSTEMS BASED ON DESIGNER NEEDS

Proceedings of the Design Society ◽

10.1017/pds.2021.427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 1657-1666

Author(s):

Joaquin Montero ◽

Sebastian Weber ◽

Christoph Petroll ◽

Stefan Brenner ◽

Matthias Bleckmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Use Case ◽

Powder Bed Fusion ◽

Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽

Measuring Systems ◽

Powder Bed ◽

Geometric Dimensioning And Tolerancing ◽

Uncertainty Map ◽

New System

AbstractCommercially available metal Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) systems are steadily evolving. Thus, design limitations narrow and the diversity of achievable geometries widens. This progress leads researchers to create innovative benchmarks to understand the new system capabilities. Thereby, designers can update their knowledge base in design for additive manufacturing (DfAM). To date, there are plenty of geometrical benchmarks that seek to develop generic test artefacts. Still, they are often complex to measure, and the information they deliver may not be relevant to some designers. This article proposes a geometrical benchmarking approach for metal L-PBF systems based on the designer needs. Furthermore, Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) characteristics enhance the approach. A practical use-case is presented, consisting of developing, manufacturing, and measuring a meaningful and straightforward geometric test artefact. Moreover, optical measuring systems are used to create a tailored uncertainty map for benchmarking two different L-PBF systems.