Effect of End Rubber Gasket on the Performance of Parabolic Leaf Spring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhong Zhang ◽  
Feiqi Long ◽  
Hongjie Jia ◽  
Jiewei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Static Stiffness ◽  
Rubber Gasket ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Leaf Springs ◽  
Parabolic Leaf Spring

Abstract Leaf springs play an important role in the handling stability and ride comfort of vehicle. End rubber gaskets are widely used to reduce the friction between leaves, but they also have considerable effect on the stiffness of the suspension assembly. The ride comfort may deteriorate with the stiffness of leaf spring changes. In this paper the influence of the end rubber gasket on the static stiffness performance of a parabolic leaf spring is studied. A finite element model of the leaf spring is developed and verified against the static stiffness test. Effects of the end rubber gasket parameters on the static stiffness of the leaf spring are analyzed based on an orthogonal experiment. The sensitivities of the five parameters are identified including the width, the length, the end thickness, the tail thickness and the distance to the end of the middle leaf. It is found that the contributions can be ranked in descending order as the tail thickness, the end thickness, the distance from end rubber gasket to the end of Leaf 2, and the width and length. The first two factors are considered of significant effects on the leaf spring stiffness. According to single-factor analysis, it is found that under the same load, as the tail thickness and the end thickness increase, the maximum deformation of the rubber gasket decreases, the stiffness of the rubber gasket increases, and the stiffness of the leaf spring increases, which provides a reference for the forward design of the end rubber gasket and the stiffness matching of leaf springs.

Effect of End Rubber Gasket on the Performance of Parabolic Leaf Spring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhong Zhang ◽  
Feiqi Long ◽  
Hongjie Jia ◽  
Jiewei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Rubber Gasket ◽  
Parabolic Leaf Spring

Wave Effects in Viscoelastic Leaf and Compression Spring Mounts

1963 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric E. Ungar
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Standing Wave ◽  
Loss Factor ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Static Stiffness ◽  
Leaf Springs ◽  
Compression Spring ◽  
Wave Effects ◽  
Compression Springs

Transmissibility expressions that take wave effects into account are derived for masses mounted on highly viscoelastic leaf springs and compression springs. Approximations suitable for large ratios of mounted mass to spring mass are introduced, and equations are derived that give the approximate magnitudes of the transmissibility peaks associated with standing wave resonances and the corresponding frequencies. The validity of these approximations is verified by comparison with directly computed results. It is shown that a leaf spring results in a higher first standing wave frequency, in lower density of transmissibility peaks, and in a higher envelope of these peaks than a compression spring of the same mass, loss factor, and static stiffness.

scholarly journals Experimental and numerical analysis of the static strength and fatigue life reliability of parabolic leaf springs in heavy commercial trucks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781402094195
Author(s):  
Ufuk Taner Ceyhanli ◽  
Mehmet Bozca
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Static Loading ◽  
Static Strength ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Leaf Springs ◽  
Parabolic Leaf Spring

The objective of this study is to perform experimental and numerical analysis of the static strength and fatigue life reliability of parabolic leaf springs in heavy commercial trucks. To achieve this objective, stress and displacements under static loading were analytically calculated. A computer-aided design model of a parabolic leaf spring was created. The stress and displacements were calculated by the finite element method. The spring was modelled and analysed using CATIA Part Design and ANSYS Workbench. The stress and displacement distributions on a three-layer parabolic leaf spring were obtained. The high-strength 51CrV4 spring steel was used as sample parabolic leaf springs material, and heat treatments and shoot peening were applied to increase the material strength. Sample parabolic leaf springs were tested to obtain stress and displacement under static loading conditions. By comparing three methods, namely, the static analytical method, static finite elements method and static experimental method, it is observed that results of three methods are close to each other and all three methods are reliable for the design stage of the leaf spring. Similarly, sample parabolic leaf springs were tested to evaluate the fatigue life under working conditions. The reliability analysis of the obtained fatigue life test value was carried out. It was shown that both analytical model and finite element analysis are reliable methods for the evaluation of static strength and fatigue life behaviour in parabolic leaf springs. In addition, it is determined by a reliability analysis based on rig test results of nine springs that the spring achieves its life cycle of 100,000 cycles with a 99% probability rate without breaking. Furthermore, the calculated fatigue life is 2.98% greater than experimentally obtained fatigue life mean and the leaf spring can be used safely and reliably during the service period in heavy trucks.

scholarly journals Design and Non-Linear Analysis of a Parabolic Leaf Spring

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ashiqur Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Tareq Siddiqui ◽  
Muhammad Arefin Kowser
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Nonlinearity ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Large Deflection ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Cantilever Beams ◽  
Leaf Springs ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Fixed End ◽  
Parabolic Leaf Spring

Tapered cantilever beams, traditionally termed as leaf springs, undergo much larger deflections in comparison to a beam of constant cross-section that takes their study in the domain of geometric nonlinearity. This paper studies response of a leaf spring of parabolic shape, assumed to be made of highly elastic steel. Numerical simulation was carried out using both the small and large deflection theories to calculate the stress and the deflection of the same beam. Non-linear analysis is found to have significant effect on the beam's response under a tip load. It is seen that the actual bending stress at the fixed end, calculated by nonlinear theory, is 2.30-3.39% less in comparison to a traditional leaf spring having the same volume of material. Interestingly, the maximum stress occurs at a region far away from the fixed end of the designed parabolic leaf spring. Keywords: Parabolic leaf spring, End-shortening, Geometric nonlinearity, Equilibrium Configuration Path, Varying Cross-section.doi:10.3329/jme.v37i0.819Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.37 June 2007, pp.47-51

scholarly journals Rejection Minimization in Parabolic Leaf Spring Manufacturing Unit in India

2012 ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Pratesh Jayaswal ◽  
Arun Singh Kushwah
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Parabolic Leaf Spring ◽  
Productivity Enhancement

In this paper, practical means of facilitating participatory steps taken in productivity enhancement with the emphasis on rejection minimization programs in parabolic Leaf Spring Manufacturing Unit in India were reviewed. Productivity has been the key factor in any industry and it can be enhanced by minimizing the rejections and down time of machine. Parabolic leaf spring plays a vital role in the suspension system of any automobile, since it has an effect on ride comfort and vehicle dynamics. In this present work, various approaches and efforts made for productivity improvement are discussed with the emphasis on reduction of rejections in terms of End Gap and Camber Less in leaf spring in Parabolic Leaf Spring Manufacturing Unit in India. The output of this work is reduction in production cost via minimizing the rejection, reworking, efficient and economical utilization of all input resources. This work provides an extremely valuable practical framework to companies who recognize the parabolic Leaf Spring Manufacturing.

3D Finite Element Simulation for Turning of Hardened 45 Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Meng Liu ◽  
Guohe Li ◽  
Xueli Zhao ◽  
Xiaole Qi ◽  
Shanshan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Finite Element Simulation ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Element Model ◽  
3D Finite Element ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Metal Machining ◽  
Single Factor Experiment

Background: Finite element simulation has become an important method for the mechanism research of metal machining in recent years. Objective: To study the cutting mechanism of hardened 45 steel (45HRC), and improve the processing efficiency and quality. Methods: A 3D oblique finite element model of traditional turning of hardened 45 steel based on ABAQUS was established in this paper. The feasibility of the finite element model was verified by experiment, and the influence of cutting parameters on cutting force was predicted by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment based on simulation. Finally, the empirical formula of cutting force was fitted by MATLAB. Besides, a lot of patents on 3D finite element simulation for metal machining were studied. Results: The results show that the 3D oblique finite element model can predict three direction cutting force, the 3D chip shape, and other variables of metal machining and the prediction errors of three direction cutting force are 5%, 9.02%, and 8.56%. The results of single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment are in good agreement with similar research, which shows that the model can meet the needs for engineering application. Besides, the empirical formula and the prediction results of cutting force are helpful for the parameters optimization and tool design. Conclusion: A 3D oblique finite element model of traditional turning of hardened 45 steel is established, based on ABAQUS, and the validation is carried out by comparing with experiment.

Response of Composite Leaf Springs to Low Velocity Impact Loading

2014 ◽  
Vol 591 ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rajesh ◽  
G.B. Bhaskar
Keyword(s):  
Impact Test ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Leaf Springs ◽  
Reinforced Plastic

Leaf springs are the traditional suspension elements, occupying a vital position in the automobile industry. This paper deals us the replacement of existing steel leaf spring by composite leaf spring. The dimensions of existing middle steel leaf spring of commercial vehicle (Tata ace mini truck) were taken and fabricated using a specially designed die. Single leaf of the suspension springs, each made up composite with bidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), bidirectional glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) and hybrid glass-carbon fiber reinforced plastic (G-CFRP), was fabricated by hand layup process. It is to be mentioned here that the cross sectional area of the composite spring same as the metallic spring. A low velocity impact test rig was fabricated in the laboratory with loading set up. The composite leaf springs were tested with the low velocity impact test rig. By using the low velocity impact test rig, the deflection due to various drop height were measured.

Study on the Prediction of Drilling Forces on Cortical Bone Based on Finite Element Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 589-590 ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Ya Hui Hu ◽  
Qing Yun Zhang ◽  
Xiao Yu Yue
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Drilling Speed ◽  
Drilling Force ◽  
Drill Diameter ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Set Up

The changes of drilling forces during bone drilling provide a useful index for evaluating the risk of potential damage to the bone. The aim of the work is that an elastic-plastic dynamic finite element model is used to simulate the process of a drill bit drilling through the bone. The finite element model was set up in the Abaqus6.11; the prediction model of the drilling force was gotten by using the regression orthogonal experiment and data processing software Matlab7.0. Diverse values of drilling speed, feed rate and drill diameter are important factors which will lead to changes in the drilling forces. By controlling the drilling parameters can obtain the optimal drilling force. The results show that the diameter has the greatest influence on the drilling force, the drilling speed the second, the feed rate the last.

Vehicle’s New Anti-Roll System for Suspension Parasitic Stiffness Reduction and Non-Linear Roll Stiffness Characteristic

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Min Kim ◽  
Dae Sik Ko ◽  
Jong Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Roll Motion ◽  
Stiffness Reduction ◽  
Stiffness Characteristic ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Roll System ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic Simulation

In general, vehicle uses torsional stiffness of a stabilizer bar to control the roll motion. But this stabilizer bar system has problems with degradation for ride comfort and vehicle’s NVH characteristic due to the suspension parasitic stiffness caused by deformation and wear of the stabilizer bar rubber bush. In addition, it is difficult to control the vehicle’s roll motion effectively in case of excessive vehicle roll behavior when it is designed to satisfy ride comfort simultaneously because of the stabilizer bar’s linear roll stiffness characteristic. In this paper, the new anti-roll system is suggested which consists of connecting link, push rod, laminated leaf spring, and rotational bearing. This new concept anti-roll system can minimize the suspension parasitic stiffness by using rotational bearing structure and give the vehicle non-linear roll stiffness by using the laminated leaf spring structure which are composed of main spring and auxiliary one. Reduction of suspension parasitic stiffness and realization of non-linear roll stiffness in this anti-roll system were verified with both vehicle dynamic simulation and vehicle test. Also, this study includes improvement of the system operating efficiency through material change and shape optimization of the leaf spring, and optimal configuration of the force transfer system.

Parabolic Leaf Spring Fatigue Considering Braking Windup Evaluations

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murathan Soner ◽  
Metin Guven ◽  
Nilay Guven ◽  
Tolga Erdogus ◽  
Mustafa Karaagac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Parabolic Leaf Spring
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