Challenges and Opportunities in Thermal Management of Multi-Chip Packages

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemanth K. Dhavaleswarapu ◽  
Chandra Mohan Jha ◽  
Susan F. Smith ◽  
Shrenik Kothari ◽  
Baris Bicen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Heterogeneous Integration ◽  
Thermal Interface Materials ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Count Density ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Manufacturing Tolerances ◽  
Interface Materials

Multi-chip packages (MCPs) based solutions are becoming increasingly adopted as it results in higher signal count, density and enables increasing bandwidth demands and allows for heterogeneous integration [1,2]. However, manufacturing tolerances impose a variability in these stacks which results in new requirements for thermal interface materials. This paper describes the thermal, mechanical, and reliability challenges associated with MCP packages, and highlights need for novel thermal interface materials.

Advanced Thermal Interface Materials for Thermal Management

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yu ◽  
◽  
Changqing Liu ◽  
Lin Qiu ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Thermal Interface Materials ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Interface Materials

scholarly journals Thermal Management of Concentrated Multi-Junction Solar Cells with Graphene-Enhanced Thermal Interface Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Saadah ◽  
Edward Hernandez ◽  
Alexander Balandin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Thermal Interface Materials ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Interface Materials

Superior thermal interface materials for thermal management

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Ping Feng ◽  
Lu Bai ◽  
Rui-Ying Bao ◽  
Shi-Wei Wang ◽  
Zhengying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Thermal Interface Materials ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Interface Materials

The Progress of Graphene in Thermal Transportation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
pp. 438-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zhu Wang ◽  
Xing Xing ◽  
Wei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Thermal Interface Materials ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Conductive Composites ◽  
Nanocarbon Material ◽  
Conductive Property ◽  
Interface Materials ◽  
Application Prospects

Graphene, a two-dimensional nanocarbon material with unique planar structure, has wide application prospects in the field of thermal management due to its excellent thermal conductive property. The test methods for thermal conductivity of graphene are described. Research progress in the application of graphene in the field of thermal management is reviewed. Especially, the application of graphene in nanofluids, thermal interface materials and thermal conductive composites is described in detail.

scholarly journals Non-Curing Thermal Interface Materials with Graphene Fillers for Thermal Management of Concentrated Photovoltaic Solar Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barath Kanna Mahadevan ◽  
Sahar Naghibi ◽  
Fariborz Kargar ◽  
Alexander A. Balandin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Thermal Interface Material ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Thermal Interface Materials ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Photovoltaic Solar Cells ◽  
Interface Materials

Temperature rise in multi-junction solar cells reduces their efficiency and shortens their lifetime. We report the results of the feasibility study of passive thermal management of concentrated multi-junction solar cells with the non-curing graphene-enhanced thermal interface materials. Using an inexpensive, scalable technique, graphene and few-layer graphene fillers were incorporated in the non-curing mineral oil matrix, with the filler concentration of up to 40 wt% and applied as the thermal interface material between the solar cell and the heat sink. The performance parameters of the solar cells were tested using an industry-standard solar simulator with concentrated light illumination at 70× and 200× suns. It was found that the non-curing graphene-enhanced thermal interface material substantially reduces the temperature rise in the solar cell and improves its open-circuit voltage. The decrease in the maximum temperature rise enhances the solar cell performance compared to that with the commercial non-cured thermal interface material. The obtained results are important for the development of the thermal management technologies for the next generation of photovoltaic solar cells.

Metallic TIM Testing and Selection for Harsh Environment Applications for GaN RF Semiconductors

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (HiTEC) ◽  
pp. 000079-000086
Author(s):  
Tim Jensen ◽  
David L. Saums
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Junction Temperature ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Thermal Interface Materials ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Power Semiconductors ◽  
Operating Temperatures ◽  
Interface Materials

Summary An important determinant of device reliability is operating temperature control. Maintaining a semiconductor device at or below the maximum rated junction temperature (Tj) is accomplished through careful thermal management design and selection of well-performing thermal interface materials (TIM) that minimize efficiency losses in packaging and between the semiconductor device package and a heat sink or liquid cold plate. Thermal management design is increasingly important in harsh operating environments, especially where higher operating temperatures are specified. Minimizing thermal resistances through each semiconductor package material stack and at the external case or package surface of the device are important aspects of maintaining operating temperatures within specified maximum values. In addition, certain semiconductor devices require an electrical path from the semiconductor case to an external component. Maximizing electrical performance of gallium nitride (GaN) RF semiconductors is critical to system performance, as a primary example. The on-going transition within RF and microwave systems from silicon to GaN devices has increased the need for thermal interface materials which offer both improved thermal performance and electrical conductivity. Additionally, GaN semiconductor die are typically smaller in footprint and, even with equivalent power dissipation values, therefore may operate with higher heat flux values that require greater attention to proper thermal solution design. To address such needs, recently-developed forms of metallic TIM preforms are available for integrated circuits, power semiconductors, and RF devices. Understanding how these materials may be tested and selected for specific application requirements is the subject of this discussion.

Recent advances in polymer-based thermal interface materials for thermal management: A mini-review

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 100528
Author(s):  
Chang-Ping Feng ◽  
Lu-Yao Yang ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Lu Bai ◽  
Rui-Ying Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Thermal Interface Materials ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Interface Materials

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Nanotube-Polymer Composites for Use as Thermal Interface Material

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mahajan ◽  
G. Subbarayan ◽  
B. G. Sammakia ◽  
W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Thermal Interface Material ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
Thermal Interface Materials ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Scale Properties ◽  
Interface Materials

Thermal management in microelectronics is an important issue due to the projected increase in power dissipation in the electronic devices over the next 5–10 years. We seek a solution to this problem by exploring carbon nanotube-polymer matrix composites for use as thermal interface materials because of the reported high thermal conductivity and other remarkable thermal and mechanical properties of nanotubes. As an intermediate step to finding the composites’ conductivity, it is important to validate the use carbon nanotubes by calculating its diffusivity and conductivity first. This would facilitate later the estimating of important design parameters for thermal interface materials such as thermal diffusivity and conductivity. As polymer molecules are on the same size scale as nanotubes and the interaction at the polymer/nanotube interface is highly dependent on the molecular structure and bonding, Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation is used to estimate the nano-scale properties. In this paper, until cell model consisting of a carbon nanotube was used and the diffusivity was measured. These findings would have implications in improving the thermal management efficiency and consequently improve the performance and reliability of future microelectronic devices.

scholarly journals Development of Nanostructured-based Composites as Advanced Thermal Interface Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Thermal Interface Materials ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Air Gaps ◽  
Boron Arsenide ◽  
Interface Materials

Thermal management is one of the most critical issues in electronics due to increasing power densities. This problem is getting even worse for small and sophisticated devices due to air gaps present between the heat source and heat sink. Thermal interface materials (TIM) are used to reduce the air gaps and significantly increase the heat transfer capability of the system. A high-thermal-performance, cost-effective and reliable TIM would be needed to dissipate the generated heat, which could enable significant reductions in weight, volume and cost of the thermal management system. In this study a number of different nanostructured materials are reviewed for potential use as a filler material in our effort to develop advanced TIM composite. Some of the candidate filler materials considered is Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene and Few Layer Graphene (FLG), Boron Nitride Nanotubes (BNNT) and Boron Nitride Nanomesh (BNNM) and Boron Arsenide (BAs). Objective is to identify composition of boron arsenide as filler in polymer-nanostructured material composite TIM for high heat flux applications. In order to design boron-arsenide-based TIM composite with enhanced effective thermal conductivity, a number of metallic and nonmetallic base-filler material composites are considered with varying filler fractions. Empirical mixture models based on effective medium theories (EMT) are evaluated for estimating effective conductivity of the two-component boron arsenide-filler composite TIM structure.

Liquid metal nano/micro-channels as thermal interface materials for efficient energy saving

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (39) ◽  
pp. 10611-10617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuying Zhao ◽  
Huiqiang Liu ◽  
Xuechen Chen ◽  
Sheng Chu ◽  
Han Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Thermal Interface Material ◽  
Thermal Interface Materials ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Efficient Energy ◽  
Micro Channels ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
Interface Materials

Thermal interface material (TIMs) pads/sheets with both high elasticity and low thermal resistance are indispensable components for thermal management.

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