Development of Reliability-Based Design and Assessment Standards for Onshore Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Zhou ◽  
Brian Rothwell ◽  
Maher Nessim ◽  
Wenxing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Canadian Standard Association ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reliability Based Design ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
American Society ◽  
Pipeline Safety ◽  
Standard Development

Onshore pipelines have traditionally been designed with a deterministic stress based methodology. The changing operating environment has however imposed many challenges to the pipeline industry, including heightened public awareness of risk, more challenging natural hazards and increased economic competitiveness. To meet the societal expectation of pipeline safety and enhance the competitiveness of the pipeline industry, significant efforts have been spent for the development of reliability-based design and assessment (RBDA) methodology. This paper will briefly review the technology development in the RBDA area and the focus will be on the progresses in the past years in standard development within the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the Canadian Standard Association (CSA) organizations.

Reliability-Based Design and Assessment Standards for Onshore Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Zhou ◽  
Brian Rothwell ◽  
Maher Nessim ◽  
Wenxing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Canadian Standard Association ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reliability Based Design ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
American Society ◽  
Pipeline Safety ◽  
Standard Development

Onshore pipelines have traditionally been designed with a deterministic stress-based methodology. The changing operating environment has, however, imposed many challenges to the pipeline industry, including heightened public awareness of risk, more challenging natural hazards, and increased economic competitiveness. To meet the societal expectation of pipeline safety and enhance the competitiveness of the pipeline industry, significant efforts have been spent for the development of reliability-based design and assessment (RBDA) methodology. This paper will briefly review the technology development in the RBDA area and the focus will be on the progresses in the past years in standard development within the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the Canadian Standard Association (CSA) organizations.

scholarly journals Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: Recommendations from the Association of Cardiovascular Surgeons of Ukraine and Ukrainian Society of Cardiology

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-117
Author(s):  
V. V. Lazoryshynets ◽  
V. M. Kovalenko ◽  
S. V. Potashev ◽  
S. V. Fedkiv ◽  
A. V. Rudenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Surgery ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cardiac Chamber ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
American Society ◽  
Ukrainian Society

Fast technology development over the past decade as well as changes in practical echocardiography (EchoCG) lead to have given rise to a need in the update of previous guidelines for cardiac chambers quantification, which was the aim of this publication by working group of the Association of Cardiovascular Surgeons of Ukraine and Ukrainian Society of Cardiology. This paper provides up-to-date evidence-based data regarding reference ranges for all cardiac chambers, including available data regarding 3D-echocardiography and myocardial deformation (strain), based on the wide range of studies of healthy individuals found in many databases in healthy individuals. In addition, this document contains an attempt to adjust several minor controversies from previous guidelines. This document is based on “Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging” (2015) adapted according to the local peculiarities and printed abridged. Full content of “Cardiac Chamber Quantifica-tion by Echocardiography in Adults: Recommendations from the Association of Cardiovascular Surgeons of Ukraine and Ukrainian Society of Cardiology” is available online at the official Website https://amosovinstitute.org.ua of the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of the NAMS of Ukraine. This paper contains key recommendations, reference ranges and quantification methods in pictures and tables.

Changing Patterns of Politicization and Partisanship Among Women in France

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia B. Bashevkin
Keyword(s):  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Political Involvement ◽  
North American Society ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
The Past ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
American Society ◽  
Feminist Movements

During the past decade, political researchers have devoted growing attention to women's political involvement and, to a somewhat lesser extent, their political attitudes in Western cultures. This interest has been a response in part to contemporary feminist movements and, more specifically, to the increasingly visible role of women as social activists, partisan elites and governmental decision makers in Western European and North American society.

Longing, Nostalgia, and Golden Age Politics: The American Jeremiad and the Power of the Past

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
The United States ◽  
Abraham Lincoln ◽  
Frederick Douglass ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
American Tradition ◽  
Political Ideal ◽  
American Society

I assess several politically powerful ways of drawing on the past in the search for solutions to problems in the present. To probe these dynamics, I turn to the American jeremiad, a longstanding form of political rhetoric that explicitly invokes the past and laments the nation's falling-away from its virtuous foundations. I begin by focusing on the Christian Right's traditionalist jeremiad, which offers both nostalgic and Golden Age rhetoric in its assessment of the United States' imperiled national promise. I argue that, despite differences in the historical location of their ideals and the significant rhetorical power that they bring to political life, such nostalgic and Golden Age narratives represent a constraining political ideal, one ultimately incapable of doing justice to an increasingly diverse American society. I argue furthermore that there is another strand of the American jeremiad and conclude by sketching a different way of drawing on the past, a progressive jeremiad epitomized by the thought of Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass. Such a jeremiad is also deeply rooted in the American tradition and offers a far more promising contribution to a diverse and pluralistic American future.

The Emerging Paradigm for Technology Learning in the Knowledge Society

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Adelaide Maria Coelho Baěta
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Technology Learning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Technology Incubator ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
Enterprise Creation

This paper examines the significance of the technology incubator in Brazil's transition from an industrial to a knowledge-based economy. The author examines how incubators can contribute to technology development and enterprise creation, stressing their ability to provide a two-way flow of information between higher education institutions and the private sector, breaking down the mutual distrust that has often hindered the successful exploitation of R&D in the past. The author discusses both the learning needs of companies and the ways in which universities need to change to adapt to the demands of the new knowledge society, placing this analysis in the context of how incubators can be organized to function efficiently. In illustration, she provides the working example of the Biominas Incubator in the state of Minas Gerais.

scholarly journals Bioplastics – An Eco-friendly Alternative to Petrochemical Plastics

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Selvamurugan Muthusamy ◽  
Sivakumar Pramasivam
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Global Estimate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Past Half ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

Plastics have varied application and have become an essential part of our daily lives. The use of the plastics has increased twenty-fold in the past half-century and is expected to double again in the next 20 years. As a global estimate, around 330 million tonnes of the plastics are produced per annum. The production, use and disposal of the plastics emerged as a persistent and potential environmental nuisance. The improper disposal of the plastics ends up in our environment, resulting in the deaths of millions of animals annually and also the reduction in fertility status of the soil. The bioplastics products are manufactured to be biodegradable with similar functionality to that of conventional plastics, which has the potential to reduce the dependence on petrochemicals based plastics and related environmental problems. The expansion and development of the bioplastics and their products would lead to the increase in the sustainability of environment and reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases. The bioplastics innovation would be a key to the long-term solution for the plastic pollution. However, a widespread public awareness is also essential in effecting longer-term change against plastic pollution.

scholarly journals Внешняя политика США в восприятии и оценках современного американского общества

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Лариса ГАРУСОВА
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
The Us ◽  
Informational Basis ◽  
American Research ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Relationship

Анализируется взаимосвязь и корреляция современной внешнеполитической стратегии США с общественной рефлексией на неё. Информационной основой работы являются результаты социологических опросов ведущих американских исследовательских центров, статистические данные, статьи, официальные документы. Прослежена связь официальных внешнеполитических доктрин и мнения американских граждан в отношении России и Китая. Выявлена корреляция между усилением антикитайских настроений в США за последние два года и появлением новой официальной стратегии Вашингтона в отношении КНР («Стратегический подход США к КНР») от 20 мая 2020 г. внешняя политика, США, стратегия, рефлексия, общественное мнение, Россия, Китай, национальная безопасность This article analyzes the relationship and correlation of the US modern foreign policy strategy with public reflection on it. Washington's active foreign policy and US claims to the role of world leader are supported by American society in recent decades. The informational basis of this work is the analysis of the sociological surveys of leading American research centers, statistics, academic articles, as well as official documents on the studied issues. The study revealed the peculiarities of the perception of traditional and new threats to national and international security by the American elite and society. The author traces the connection between official foreign policy doctrines and the opinions of American citizens regarding Russia and China. A correlation was found between the strengthening of anti-Chinese sentiment in the US over the past two years and the appearance of a new official strategy of Washington towards the PRC (“United States Strategic Approach to The People’s Republic of China”) in May 20, 2020. foreign policy, USA, strategy, reflection, public opinion, Russia, China, national security

Management of early breast cancer

1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (14) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Develop Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disease Prognosis ◽  
One Year

One in 12 women in Britain will develop breast cancer and in any one year 15000 women will die of the disease. Prognosis for patients with advanced breast cancer has altered little during the past 30 years, but for those diagnosed early outlook has improved. Greater public awareness coupled with a national screening programme has led more women to present at an early stage1 and gives them a greater opportunity to take advantage of improved management. In this, the first of two articles on breast cancer, we discuss developments in the management of early disease. A later article will examine the follow-up of patients with breast cancer.

Since 1945: New Amenities, New Hazards

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Scientist ◽  
World History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
The Past ◽  
American Society ◽  
Service Employment

If the average citizen's surroundings defined the national climate, then the United States grew markedly warmer and drier in the postwar decades. Migration continued to carry the center of population west and began pulling it southward as well. The growth of what came to be called the Sunbelt at the "Snowbelt's" expense passed a landmark in the early 1960s when California replaced New York as the most populous state. Another landmark was established in the early 1990s when Texas moved ahead of New York. In popular discussion, it was taken for granted that finding a change of climate was one of the motives for relocating as well as one of the results. It was not until 1954, though, that an American social scientist first seriously considered the possibility. The twentieth-century flow of Americans to the West Coast, the geographer Edward L. Ullman observed in that year, had no precedent in world history. It could not be explained by the theories of settlement that had worked well in the past, for a substantial share of it represented something entirely new, "the first large-scale in-migration to be drawn by the lure of a pleasant climate." If it was the first of its kind, it was unlikely to be the last. For a set of changes in American society, Ullman suggested, had transformed the economic role of climate. The key changes included a growth in the numbers of pensioned retirees; an increase in trade and service employment, much more "footloose" than agriculture or manufacturing was; developments in technology making manufacturing itself more footloose; and a great increase in mobility brought about by the automobile and the highway. All in one way or another had weakened the bonds of place and made Americans far freer than before to choose where to live. Whatever qualities made life in any spot particularly pleasant thus attracted migration more than in the past. Ullman grouped such qualities together as "amenities." They ranged from mountains to beaches to cultural attractions, but climate appeared to be the most important, not least because it was key to the enjoyment of many of the rest. Ullman did not suppose that all Americans desired the same climate. For most people, in this as in other respects, "where one was born and lives is the best place in the world, no matter how forsaken a hole it may appear to an outsider."

Preventive Medicine

2016 ◽  
pp. 365-374
Author(s):  
Amy T. Wang ◽  
Karen F. Mauck
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
American Society ◽  
American Society Of Anesthesiologists ◽  
Complex Surgical Procedures ◽  
Overall Mortality ◽  
Overall Risk

Mortality associated with anesthesia and surgery has decreased markedly in the past several decades. Today the overall mortality is 1:250,000 even though more complex surgical procedures are performed on sicker patients. The American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, with broadly defined categories, is used to estimate overall risk of mortality within 48 hours postoperatively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document