Specification and Manufacturing of Pipes for the X100 Operational Trial

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Johnson ◽  
Mark Hudson ◽  
Nobuaki Takahashi ◽  
Makoto Nagase ◽  
Akio Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Design Factors ◽  
Grade Steel ◽  
External Coating

Over the past decade BP and Sumitomo have been developing and promoting the use of X100 grade steel pipe for large diameter high pressure onshore gas pipelines. In 2006, Sumitomo supplied 0.5km of X100 linepipe to BP’s X100 Operational Trial. The X100 Operational Trial is a 48-inch, 180barg X100 pipeline situated in Northumbria, UK, built specifically to advance industry acceptance of the use of X100 in onshore gas pipelines and to demonstrate the long term operational performance of the material under normal and adverse conditions and at higher design factors. In this paper the mechanical properties of the X100 pipes supplied are summarised and background to the linepipe specification and manufacturing process provided. In addition, the effect of specimen type and external coating on mechanical properties is also discussed.

Application of High-Grade Steels to Onshore Natural Gas Pipelines Using Reliability-Based Design Method

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Zhou ◽  
Brian Rothwell ◽  
Wenxing Zhou ◽  
Maher Nessim
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Reliability Based Design ◽  
Design Factors

Two example onshore gas pipelines were designed using a reliability-based approach. The first example (1219 mm, 17.2 MPa) represents a high-pressure large-diameter pipeline; the second example has a smaller diameter (762 mm) and lower pressure (9.9 MPa). Three steel grades (X70, X80 and X100) were used to develop three design solutions for each example. The wall thickness-related life cycle costs of the designs were evaluated. The design outcomes show that the reliability targets for both examples can be met using X100 steels and high equivalent design factors (0.93 for the first example and 0.9 for the second example). Moreover, ruptures and excessive plastic deformation of a defect free pipe were found to be insignificant integrity threats even when the design uses X100 and relatively high equivalent design factors such as 0.85 and 0.9. The economic assessment results show that the X100 design is the most economical option for the high-pressure large-diameter example. However, using X100 does not show a clear economic advantage over using X80 for the second example mainly because the wall thickness for the design using X100 is governed by the maximum D/t ratio constraint. The study also demonstrates the advantages of the reliability-based approach as a valuable tool in assessing the feasibility and potential benefits of using high-grade steels on a pipeline project.

scholarly journals Impact of Long-Term Operation on the Reliability and Durability of Transit Gas Pipelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Okipnyi Igor ◽  
Poberezhny Lyubomyr ◽  
Zapukhliak Vasyl ◽  
Hrytsanchuk Andrii ◽  
Poberezhna Liubov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Fatigue ◽  
Static Loading ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
Corrosive Environments

AbstractCorrosion and corrosion-fatigue tests of the material of the pipeline, which was in operation for 41 years. It has been shown that prolonged operation reduces the parameters of resistance to fatigue and prolonged static loading in corrosive environments. It was established that the degradation of physical and mechanical properties is insignificant, Ukraine’s main gas pipelines are ready to operate at full capacity provided that timely monitoring measures are carried out.

scholarly journals Creation of start-of-the-art steels and technology of large diameter pipes production for oil and gas pipelines

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-506
Author(s):  
Yu. D. Morozov ◽  
M. Yu. Matrosov ◽  
B. F. Zin’ko
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Large Diameter Pipes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pipe Manufacturing ◽  
External Coating ◽  
Steel Works

The pipelines are one of most important section of the fuel and energy complex of Russia. About 75% of them are presented by gas pipelines of large diameter (1020–1420 mm) for the operating pressure up to 7.4 MPa. CNIIchermet after I.P. Bardin put a big contribution into creation of pipe steels and mastering of technologies for their production at steel-works of Russia. The Institute in cooperation with leading steels-works developed an array of pipe steel, which are successfully used at construction of modern gas and oil pipelines. Tendencies of requirements increasing to characteristics of steels for large diameter pipes for pipelines considered, creation stages of grade range of steels and technology of rolled products production analyzed. Main technological requirements for achieving mechanical properties high level determined. It was shown, that K60–K65 strength class steels meet requirements to northern pipelines for a pressure up to 11.8 MPa, to thick walled underwater pipelines for a pressure of 25.0 MPa and to pipes for seismic arears. Steel-works and pipe-manufacturing plant of Russia provide the production of longitudinal-welded pipes with wall thickness up to 40–60 mm with anticorrosion external coating and smooth internal coating.

Textile Concrete in Adverse Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Bittner ◽  
Michaela Kostelecká ◽  
Petr Pokorný ◽  
Miroslav Vokáč ◽  
Petr Bouška
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Pore Solution ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Modern Material ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject

Textile concrete (TRC) is a modern material that has been the subject of many scientific studies over the past two decades. It is a material based on a fine-grained cement-based matrix, fiber reinforced, fabric of acrylic-resistant glass, basalt or carbon reinforcement. The products from this material are thin-walled elements, which can be used, for example, for facade claddings elements, lost formwork, shell structures, garden architecture or for strengthening or repair of existing structural elements. This paper presents some examples of the behavior of glass reinforced textile concrete during exposure to road salts, under load of bending moment, at long-term loading at elevated temperatures, and assessment of glass fiber resistance during exposure simulating concrete pore solution.

scholarly journals On the issue of technical diagnostics of polyethylene gas pipelines

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
A. V. Kuznetsov ◽  
G. I. Zubailov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Technical Diagnostics ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Polyethylene Pipes ◽  
Conducting Research

The article presents the comparative characteristics of polyethylene pipes after a 50-year period of operation, lists the factors affecting the physical and mechanical properties of pipes and requiring consideration when conducting research. Practical possibilities of assessing the technical condition of long-term operating polyethylene gas pipelines and approaches to extending their service life are considered.

Enabling Community Well-being Self-Monitoring in the Context of Mining: The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Klinck ◽  
Ben Bradshaw ◽  
Ruby Sandy ◽  
Silas Nabinacaboo ◽  
Mannie Mameanskum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Community Engaged Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mineral Development ◽  
Iron Deposits ◽  
Term Monitoring

The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach is an Aboriginal community located in northern Quebec near the Labrador Border. Given the region’s rich iron deposits, the Naskapi Nation has considerable experience with major mineral development, first in the 1950s to the 1980s, and again in the past decade as companies implement plans for further extraction. This has raised concerns regarding a range of environmental and socio-economic impacts that may be caused by renewed development. These concerns have led to an interest among the Naskapi to develop a means to track community well-being over time using indicators of their own design. Exemplifying community-engaged research, this paper describes the beginning development of such a tool in fall 2012—the creation of a baseline of community well-being against which mining-induced change can be identified. Its development owes much to the remarkable and sustained contribution of many key members of the Naskapi Nation. If on-going surveying is completed based on the chosen indicators, the Nation will be better positioned to recognize shifts in its well-being and to communicate these shifts to its partners. In addition, long-term monitoring will allow the Naskapi Nation to contribute to more universal understanding of the impacts of mining for Indigenous peoples.

Courting the Youth Vote in 2008: The Obama Effect

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey C Bohl
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Past ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
High Turnout ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Youth Vote

This paper examines a few of the numerous factors that may have led to increased youth turnout in 2008 Election. First, theories of voter behavior and turnout are related to courting the youth vote. Several variables that are perceived to affect youth turnout such as party polarization, perceived candidate difference, voter registration, effective campaigning and mobilization, and use of the Internet, are examined. Over the past 40 years, presidential elections have failed to engage the majority of young citizens (ages 18-29) to the point that they became inclined to participate. This trend began to reverse starting in 2000 Election and the youth turnout reached its peak in 2008. While both short and long-term factors played a significant role in recent elections, high turnout among youth voters in 2008 can be largely attributed to the Obama candidacy and campaign, which mobilized young citizens in unprecedented ways.

Impact of FII’s and FDI’s on Indian Stock Market

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Kamlesh Kumar Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Earnings Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bull Market ◽  
Indian Stock Market

FIIs are companies registered outside India. In the past four years there has been more than $41 trillion worth of FII funds invested in India. This has been one of the major reasons on the bull market witnessing unprecedented growth with the BSE Sensex rising 221% in absolute terms in this span. The present downfall of the market too is influenced as these FIIs are taking out some of their invested money. Though there is a lot of value in this market and fundamentally there is a lot of upside in it. For long-term value investors, there’s little because for worry but short term traders are adversely getting affected by the role of FIIs are playing at the present. Investors should not panic and should remain invested in sectors where underlying earnings growth has little to do with financial markets or global economy.

Chinese Medicine Protein and Peptide in Gene and Cell Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinlu Feng ◽  
Zifei Yin ◽  
Daniel Zhang ◽  
Arun Srivastava ◽  
Chen Ling
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Gene And Cell Therapy ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

The success of gene and cell therapy in clinic during the past two decades as well as our expanding ability to manipulate these biomaterials are leading to new therapeutic options for a wide range of inherited and acquired diseases. Combining conventional therapies with this emerging field is a promising strategy to treat those previously-thought untreatable diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved for thousands of years in China and still plays an important role in human health. As part of the active ingredients of TCM, proteins and peptides have attracted long-term enthusiasm of researchers. More recently, they have been utilized in gene and cell therapy, resulting in promising novel strategies to treat both cancer and non-cancer diseases. This manuscript presents a critical review on this field, accompanied with perspectives on the challenges and new directions for future research in this emerging frontier.

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