Development of X90 and X100 Steel Grades for Seamless Linepipe Products

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Toma ◽  
Silke Harksen ◽  
Dorothee Niklasch ◽  
Denise Mahn ◽  
Ashraf Koka
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Steel Grades

The general trend in oil and gas industry gives a clear direction towards the need for high strength grades up to X100. The exploration in extreme regions and under severe conditions, e.g. in ultra deep water regions also considering High Temperature/High Pressure Fields or arctic areas, becomes more and more important with respect to the still growing demand of the world for natural resources. Further, the application of high strength materials enables the possibility of structure weight reduction which benefits to materials and cost reduction and increase of efficiency in the pipe line installation process. To address these topics, the development of such high strength steel grades with optimum combination of high tensile properties, excellent toughness properties and sour service resistivity for seamless quenched and tempered pipes are in the focus of the materials development and improvement of Vallourec. This paper will present the efforts put into the materials development for line pipe applications up to grade X100 for seamless pipes manufactured by Pilger Mill. The steel concept developed by Vallourec over the last years [1,2] was modified and adapted according to the technical requirements of the Pilger rolling process. Pipes with OD≥20″ and wall thickness up to 30 mm were rolled and subsequent quenched and tempered. The supportive application of thermodynamic and kinetic simulation techniques as additional tool for the material development was used. Results of mechanical characterization by tensile and toughness testing, as well as microstructure examination by light-optical microscopy will be shown. Advanced investigation techniques as scanning electron microcopy and electron backscatter diffraction are applied to characterize the pipe material up to the crystallographic level. The presented results will demonstrate not only the effect of a well-balanced alloying concept appointing micro-alloying, but also the high sophisticated and precise thermal treatment of these pipe products. The presented alloying concept enables the production grade X90 to X100 with wall thickness up to 30 mm and is further extending the product portfolio of Vallourec for riser systems for deepwater and ultra-deep water application [1, 3, 4].

Alloying Concept for High-Strength Seamless Heavy-Wall Line Pipe Suitable for Sour Service Applications

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Biermann ◽  
C. Kaucke ◽  
M. Probst-Hein ◽  
B. Koschlig
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Sour Service

Offshore oil and gas production worldwide is conducted in increasingly deep waters, leading to more and more stringent demands on line pipes. Higher grades and heavier wall thicknesses in combination with deep temperature toughness properties, good weldability and suitability for sour service applications are among the characteristics called for. It is necessary that pipe manufacturers develop materials to meet these at times conflicting requirements. An alloying concept based on steel with very low carbon content is presented. This type of material provides excellent toughness properties at deep temperatures in line pipe with a wall thickness of up to 70 mm, produced by hot rolling followed by QT heat treatment. Pipes from industrial production of identical chemical composition and heat treatment achieved grades X65 to X80, depending on wall thickness. The properties of the steel used in pipes are presented. The resistance of the pipe material to the influence of sour gas was assessed by standard tests. To demonstrate weldability, test welds were performed and examined.

New Generation of Heavy Wall Thicknesses Line Pipes for HPHT and Ultra-Deep Water Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Crippa ◽  
Lorenzo Motta ◽  
Alessandro Paggi ◽  
Emanuele Paravicini Bagliani ◽  
Alessandro Elitropi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
New Generation

Oil and Gas industry in the last decades has increased the use and need of heavy wall thickness line pipes, in particular for onshore / offshore high pressures and high temperatures (HP/HT) and offshore deep water / ultra-deep water applications. The paper presents the results achieved by Tenaris on seamless line pipes in grades X65/X70, according to API 5L / ISO 3183, with wall thickness in a range from 40 to 60 mm and diameter between 6 5/8” and 16”, produced by hot rolling process followed by quenching and tempering. Such line pipes are able to withstand very demanding conditions, like sour environment, very high pressure and wide temperature range. In this publication, the main outcomes of laboratory testing activities on the mentioned materials will be presented as part of heavy wall line pipe qualification. For this purpose, a special testing program, including mechanical and corrosion tests, has been executed. Material demonstrated an excellent behaviour, exhibiting both mechanical, toughness and stress corrosion properties suitable for the envisaged harsh applications.

Minimum Wall Thickness Requirements for Ultra Deep-Water Pipelines

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Torselletti ◽  
Luigino Vitali ◽  
Roberto Bruschi ◽  
Leif Collberg
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Compressive Yield Strength ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Line Pipe

The offshore pipeline industry is planning new gas trunklines at water depth ever reached before (up to 3500 m). In such conditions, external hydrostatic pressure becomes the dominating loading condition for the pipeline design. In particular, pipe geometric imperfections as the cross section ovality, combined load effects as axial and bending loads superimposed to the external pressure, material properties as compressive yield strength in the circumferential direction and across the wall thickness etc., significantly interfere in the definition of the demanding, in such projects, minimum wall thickness requirements. This paper discusses the findings of a series of ultra deep-water studies carried out in the framework of Snamprogetti corporate R&D. In particular, the pipe sectional capacity, required to sustain design loads, is analysed in relation to: • The fabrication technology i.e. the effect of cold expansion/compression (UOE/UOC) of TMCP plates on the mechanical and geometrical pipe characteristics; • The line pipe material i.e. the effect of the shape of the actual stress-strain curve and the Y/T ratio on the sectional performance, under combined loads; • The load combination i.e. the effect of the axial force and bending moment on the limit capacity against collapse and ovalisation buckling failure modes, under the considerable external pressure. International design guidelines are analysed in this respect, and experimental findings are compared with the ones from the application of proposed limit state equations and from dedicated FE simulations.

scholarly journals Power Cooling

2016 ◽  
Vol 854 ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Erich Opitz ◽  
Alois Seilinger ◽  
Lukas Pichler ◽  
Olaf Silbermann ◽  
Axel Rimnac
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Hot Strip ◽  
Finishing Mill ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Hot Strip Mills

During the last years international steel producers have been following a market trend to develop and produce new steel grades with higher strength and larger thickness. When attempting to improve the metallurgical properties in the cooling section, the existing cooling equipment in hot strip mills often reaches its limit. Primetals Technologies offers its Power Cooling solution to upgrade existing cooling lines as well as for new hot strip mills. With this type of equipment highest cooling rates can be achieved and therefore steel producers are capable of producing new steel grades with higher strength at lower costs. A new power cooling system was installed immediately behind the finishing mill gauge house at Wuhan Iron and Steel Company’s (WISCO) HSM No. 2 in Wuhan, China. The Power Cooling system widens the product range and gives WISCO the capability to produce high-strength steel grades (AHSS) with strength levels of more than 1,000 MPa, e.g. HSLA steel or as-hot-rolled multi-phase steel. Due to the extremely wide control range of the flow rate, the installation allows for maximum metallurgical flexibility. On the other hand, the new equipment allows for the most economic production of line-pipe material like API X80 in a thickness range up to 25.4 mm (1 inch).

The Practical Application of Fracture Control to Natural Gas Pipelines

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Widenmaier ◽  
A. B. Rothwell
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fracture Initiation ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Crack Tip Opening

The use of high strength, high design-factor pipe to transport natural gas requires the careful design and selection of pipeline materials. A primary material concern is the characterization and control of ductile fracture initiation and arrest. Impact toughness in the form of Charpy V-notch energies or drop-weight tear tests is usually specified in the design and purchase of line pipe in order to prevent large-scale fracture. While minimum values are prescribed in various codes, they may not offer sufficient protection in pipelines with high pressure, cold temperature, rich gas designs. The implications of the crack driving force arising from the gas decompression versus the resisting force of the pipe material and backfill are examined. The use and limitations of the Battelle two-curve method as the standard model are compared with new developments utilizing crack-tip opening angle and other techniques. The methodology and reasoning used to specify the material properties for line pipe are described and the inherent limits and risks are discussed. The applicability of Charpy energy to predict ductile arrest in high strength pipes (X80 and above) is examined.

scholarly journals Latest developments in mechanical properties and metallurgical features of high strength line pipe steels

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Belato Rosado ◽  
Wim De Waele ◽  
Dirk Vanderschueren ◽  
Stijn Hertelé
Keyword(s):  
Pipe Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Target Strength ◽  
Accelerated Cooling ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hostile Environments

In response to the increasing demand to improve both transportation efficiency and performance, the steel pipe industry has conducted extensive efforts to develop line pipe steel grades with superior metallurgical and mechanical (strength, toughness and ductility) properties in order to allow exploitation in hostile environments. This paper aims to give an overview of recent developments of high strength pipe steel grades as API 5L X70 and beyond, providing a detailed understanding of the continuous improvements with respect to a strain-based design context. Information regarding the metallurgy and processing, such as chemical composition, microstructural design, thermo-mechanical controlled process (TMCP) and accelerated cooling process (AcC), to achieve the target strength, ductility and toughness properties are discussed.

Rosenhain Centenary Conference - 3. Materials development present and future 3.3 Development of line pipe steels

1976 ◽  
Vol 282 (1307) ◽  
pp. 305-318 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Yield Strength ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Low Carbon Bainite

The demand for large diameter gas line pipe with high yield strength and high notch toughness has led to increased research in high strength low alloy steels. Physical metallurgists have developed both a fundamental and an empirical understanding of the properties and microstructures of ferrite pearlite steels. As specifications become more rigorous, alternative microstructures (low carbon bainite or tempered bainite and martensite) are being used in line pipe. There is a definite need for metallurgists to develop a clearer understanding of the interrelationships between their properties, microstructures, and processing before these alternatives are completely accepted for use in line pipe.

Improving Reliability of Carbon Steel Girth Welds in Sour Environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harpreet Sidhar ◽  
Neerav Verma ◽  
Chih-Hsiang Kuo ◽  
Michael Belota ◽  
Andrew J. Wasson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Weld Root ◽  
Girth Welds ◽  
Sour Service

Abstract The oil and gas industry has seen unexpected failures of sour service carbon steel pipelines in the recent past. Below par performance of girth welds and line pipe material have been identified as the root causes of such failures. Although mechanized welding can achieve good consistency, the weld region is more heterogeneous as compared to base material, which can lead to inconsistencies and poor weld performance. Overall, the effects of welding parameters on performance of carbon steel pipeline girth welds for sour service are not well understood. Furthermore, industry is moving towards more challenging environments, such as production of hydrocarbons from ultra-deepwater, which further necessitates the need to improve welding practices for additional high criticality applications. Many of the critical parameters for sour service performance will also improve general weld performance for ultra-deepwater. So, there is a clear need to understand the effects of various welding parameters on weld properties and performance. This effort aims at assessing the effects of key welding parameters on performance of girth welds to develop improved welding practice guidelines for sour service pipeline applications. In this study, several API X65 grade line pipe girth welds were made using commercially available welding consumables. The effects on weld root performance of preheat, wire consumable chemistry, hot pass tempering, single vs. dual torch, copper backing, root pass heat input, metal transfer mode, pipe fit-up (root gap, misalignment) were studied. Generally, carbon steel welds with hardness 250HV or below are considered acceptable for sour service. So, detailed microhardness mapping and microstructural characterization were conducted to evaluate the performance and reliability of welds. It was evident that the welding parameters studied have a significant impact on root performance. Preheat and pipe fit-up showed the most significant impact on weld root performance. Based on the results and understanding developed with this study, recommendations for industry are provided through this paper to improve reliability of pipeline girth welds in sour service application.

Strain Aging Effects in High Strength Line Pipe Materials

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Ming Duan ◽  
Joe Zhou ◽  
Brian Rothwell ◽  
David Horsley ◽  
Nick Pussegoda
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strain Aging ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Aging Behavior ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Line Pipe

Strain aging behavior can occur in almost all steels, including micro-alloyed steels used in high-strength pipelines. The direct effects of strain aging on mechanical properties can include increased hardness, yield strength and tensile strength, and reduced ductility and toughness. Strain aging may take place in processes where the pipe material experiences thermal cycles, such as coating, welding and in-service heating, and may occur with or without additional plastic strain. The changes of material mechanical properties could seriously challenge the design principles and methodologies, so that these aging effects need to be taken into account. This is especially important for pipelines expected to see deformation-controlled loading conditions. This is not only because the difference in strain aging effects between a weld and the parent material can easily change the strength overmatch condition of the weld, leading to unpredictable girth weld flaw tolerance, but also because the return of Lu¨ders behavior on the stress-strain curves of these materials significantly reduces the pipe buckling load resistance. In addition, any change in fracture resistance due to strain aging may impact the fracture control design practice, particularly if the pipe material may be expected to experience plastic deformation during service. In this paper, a brief review of strain aging behavior in steels is presented, with an emphasis on the effects on the mechanical properties and toughness of three high-strength line pipe steels. Material strain aging mechanical test procedures of three high grade pipes will be described and the test results will be discussed.

Heavy Wall Seamless Line Pipe X70–X80 for Sour Service Applications

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Konrad ◽  
Diana Toma ◽  
Volker Rohden ◽  
Guido Kubla
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Development Program ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Sour Service

The continued shift of exploration and production to deep water fields will require the industry to develop alternative pipe solutions to cope with the challenging demands of these exploration regions. Because of the complexity of exploration conditions in deep water fields, e.g. high pressures, low temperature and sour reservoirs, higher grades and heavier wall thickness in combination with low temperature toughness and suitability for sour service are required. The Vallourec&Mannesmann Tubes’s alloying concept for line pipe steels based on low carbon concept [1] was extended to grades X70 and X80 with wall thicknesses up to 75mm. In this paper the latest results on industrial studies on high strength heavy-wall steels manufactured by seamless hot rolling and subsequent quench and temper treatment are presented. The work is a part of the development program for high performance heavy wall seamless pipes for special applications such as J-lay collars, buckle arrestors and risers. Mechanical properties, advanced metallographic examinations, results of the sour service resistance and weldability are reported.

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