Failure Frequency Calculation of Transmission Pipelines or Stations due to Nearby Wind Turbines

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roelof P. Coster ◽  
Martijn T. Middel ◽  
Marc T. Dröge
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Failure Frequency ◽  
Risk Zoning ◽  
Transmission Pipeline ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

The present article discusses the methodology to include potential wind turbine failures in quantified risk assessments (QRA) of transmission pipelines or stations, which is included in the latest version of the Dutch national ‘Handbook on Risk Zoning of Wind Turbines’ (‘Handboek Risicozonering Windturbines’) [1]. The methodology includes a simple set of wind turbine failure modes and frequencies, probability density functions and failure criteria of the impacted underground pipeline or aboveground station components. Using the methodology, an additional failure frequency can be calculated for a transmission pipeline or a station due to the presence of one or several wind turbines. The focus of the methodology is not on the physics of each of the separate scenarios (many different studies and approaches are publically available), but as a practical tool for quantified risk assessments and determination of acceptable siting distances for wind turbines near gas infrastructure. The pressure and the (possibly non-uniform) construction parameters and depth of cover of underground pipelines are taken into account in the calculations. The methodology shown in this article was developed by DNV GL and published in Netherlands Enterprise Agency’s ‘Handbook on Risk Zoning of Wind Turbines’ in May of 2013. Following the publication of this Handbook, a software tool has been developed to implement the calculation method. This software is also discussed in this article.

Progress on the Development of a Holistic Coupled Model of Dynamics for Offshore Wind Farms: Phase I — Aero-Hydro-Servo-Elastic Model, With Drive Train Model, for a Single Wind Turbine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Lin ◽  
D. Cevasco ◽  
M. Collu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Elastic Model ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines

Currently, around 1500 offshore wind turbines are operating in the UK, for a total of 5.4GW, with further 3GW under construction, and 13GW consented. Until now, the focus of the research on offshore wind turbines has been mainly on how to minimise the CAPEX, but Operation and maintenance (O&M) can represent up to 39% of the lifetime costs of an offshore wind farm, due mainly to the high cost of the assets and the harsh environment, limiting the access to these assets in a safe mode. The present work is a part of a larger project, called HOME Offshore (www.homeoffshore.org), and it has as aim an advanced interpretation of the fault mechanisms through a holistic multiphysics modelling of the wind farm. The first step (presented here) toward achieving this aim consists of two main tasks: first of all, to identify and rank the most relevant failure modes within a wind farm, identifying the component, its mode of failure, and the relative environmental conditions. Then, to assess (for each failure mode) how the full-order, nonlinear model of dynamics used to represent the dynamics of the wind turbine can be reduced in order, such that is less computationally expensive (and therefore more suitable to be scaled up to represent multiple wind turbines), but still able to capture and represent the relevant dynamics linked with the inception of the chosen failure mode. A methodology to rank the failure modes is presented, followed by an approach to reduce the order of the Aero-Hydro-Servo-Elastic (AHSE) model of dynamics adopted. The results of the proposed reduced-order models are discussed, comparing it against the full-order coupled model, and taking as case study a fixed offshore wind turbine (monopile) in gearbox failure condition.

scholarly journals A numerical investigation of the effects of ice accretion on the aerodynamic and structural behavior of offshore wind turbine blade

2020 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2098322
Author(s):  
Oumnia Lagdani ◽  
Mostapha Tarfaoui ◽  
Mourad Nachtane ◽  
Mourad Trihi ◽  
Houda Laaouidi
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Wind Turbine Blade ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Structural Behavior ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine

In recent years, several wind turbines have been installed in cold climate sites and are menaced by the icing phenomenon. This article focuses on two parts: the study of the aerodynamic and structural performances of wind turbines subject to atmospheric icing. Firstly, the aerodynamic analysis of NACA 4412 airfoil was obtained using QBlade software for a clean and iced profile. Finite element method (FEM) was employed using ABAQUS software to simulate the structural behavior of a wind turbine blade with 100 mm ice thickness. A comparative study of two composite materials and two blade positions were considered in this section. Hashin criterion was chosen to identify the failure modes and determine the most sensitive areas of the structure. It has been found that the aerodynamic and structural performance of the turbine were degraded when ice accumulated on the leading edge of the blade and changed the shape of its profile.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Framework for Wind Turbine Gearboxes Using Machine Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Koukoura ◽  
James Carroll ◽  
Alasdair McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Wind Turbine Gearbox ◽  
Vibration Signals ◽  
Diagnostic Framework ◽  
Rule Based Approach

Operation and maintenance costs of wind turbines are highlydriven by gearbox failures, especially offshore were the logisticsof replacements are more demanding. It is therefore verycritical to foresee incipient gearbox faults before they becomecatastrophic failures. Wind turbine gearbox condition monitoringis usually performed using vibration signals comingfrom accelerometers installed on the gearbox surface. Thecurrent monitoring practice is a rule-based approach, wherealarms are activated based on thresholds. However, too muchmanual analysis may be required for some failure modes andthis can become quite challenging as the installed wind capacitygrows. Also, since false alarms have to be avoided,these thresholds are set quite high, resulting in late stage diagnosisof components. Given the fact there is a large amountof historic operating data with confirmed gearbox failure incidents,this paper proposes a framework that uses a machinelearning approach. Vibration signals are used from the gearboxsensors and processed in the frequency domain. Featuresare extracted from the processed signals based on the fault locationsand failure modes, using domain knowledge. Thesefeatures are used as inputs in a layer of pattern recognitionmodels that can determine a potential component fault locationand failure mode. The proposed framework is illustratedusing failure examples from operating offshore wind turbines.

scholarly journals Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis for Wind Turbines Considering Climatic Regions and Comparing Geared and Direct Drive Wind Turbines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samet Ozturk ◽  
Vasilis Fthenakis ◽  
Stefan Faulstich
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Failure Data ◽  
Criticality Analysis ◽  
Reliability And Availability

The wind industry is looking for ways to accurately predict the reliability and availability of newly installed wind turbines. Failure modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) is a technique utilized for determining the critical subsystems of wind turbines. There are several studies which applied FMECA for wind turbines in the literature, but no studies so far have considered different weather conditions or climatic regions. Furthermore, various design types of wind turbines have been analyzed applying FMECA but no study so far has applied FMECA to compare the reliability of geared and direct-drive wind turbines. We propose to fill these gaps by using Koppen-Geiger climatic regions and two different turbine models of direct-drive and geared-drive concepts. A case study is applied on German wind farms utilizing the WMEP database which contains wind turbine failure data from 1989 to 2008. This proposed methodology increases the accuracy of reliability and availability predictions and compares different wind turbine design types and eliminates underestimation of impacts of different weather conditions.

Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics of Wind Turbines: A Survey

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Pennacchi ◽  
Pietro Borghesani ◽  
Steven Chatterton ◽  
Candas Gultekin
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Maintenance Costs

Wind energy conversion is the fastest growing source of electricity generation in the world among the other renewable energy production technologies. Whereas investment costs have decreased over years, operational and maintenance costs of wind turbines are still high, thus attracting the focus of researchers and industrial operators. Classical maintenance techniques, i.e.: run-to-failure and scheduled-preventive maintenance, are still dominant in this sector; however, condition monitoring has gained space in the wind turbine market and new diagnostic methods and techniques are continuously being proposed. Condition monitoring techniques seem the most effective tools to minimize operational and maintenance costs and reduce downtimes by early detection of faults. This paper is aimed at reviewing the state of the art of condition monitoring for horizontal axis wind turbines. After a brief introduction presenting the current trends in the market of wind energy, the paper reviews the most common failure modes of wind turbines and the traditional approach to maintenance. The core of this study details the state of the art in the field of system architectures, sensors and signal processing techniques for the diagnostic of faults in wind turbine components. Finally, some general conclusions are drawn on the overall trends in the field of condition monitoring of wind turbines.

scholarly journals Predicting Frequency, Time-To-Repair and Costs of Wind Turbine Failures

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1149
Author(s):  
Samet Ozturk ◽  
Vasilis Fthenakis
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Failure Frequency

Operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, and associated uncertainty, for wind turbines (WTs) is a significant burden for wind farm operators. Many wind turbine failures are unpredictable while causing loss of energy production, and may also cause loss of asset. This study utilized 753 O&M event data from 21 wind turbines operating in Germany, to improve the prediction of failure frequency and associated costs. We applied Bayesian updating to predict wind turbine failure frequency and time-to-repair (TTR), in conjunction to machine learning techniques for assessing costs associated with failures. We found that time-to-failure (TTF), time-to-repair and the cost of failures depend on operational and environmental conditions. High elevation (>100 m) of the wind turbine installation was found to increase both the probability of failures and probability of delayed repairs. Furthermore, it was determined that direct-drive turbines are more favorable at locations with high capacity factor (more than 40%) whereas geared-drive turbines show lower failure costs than direct-drive ones at temperate-coastal locations with medium capacity factors (between 20% and 40%). Based on these findings, we developed a decision support tool that can guide a site-specific selection of wind turbine types, while providing a thorough estimation of O&M budgets.

Reliability and Safety Assessment of Wind Turbines Control and Protection Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Michos ◽  
E. Dialynas ◽  
P. Vionis
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Event Tree ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Wind Turbine Control ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Tree Approach

The paper describes a method for the reliability and safety assessment of wind turbine control and protection systems. This enables the qualitative and quantitative reliability analysis of these systems and calculates an appropriate set of reliability indices. The method for the probabilistic safety assessment of these systems includes the event-tree approach for identifying all possible unsafe events of wind turbines operation and all scenarios that can lead to them. The Markov procedure is used for the modelling of all failure modes. This method is compatible with the existing respective international safety standards and criteria; it can be used by designers, manufacturers and certification institutes. The analysis of a part of the control and protection system of the CRES wind turbine in Agios Efstratios is also included.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy at Home: A Look into Purchasing a Wind Turbine for Home Use—The Cost of Blindly Relying on One Tool in Decision Making

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-310
Author(s):  
Sheridan Ribbing ◽  
George Xydis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Whatcom County ◽  
The Cost

Small-scale wind turbines simulations are not as accurate when it comes to costs as compared to the large-scale wind turbines, where costs are more or less standard. In this paper, an analysis was done on a decision for a wind turbine investment in Bellingham, Whatcom County, Washington. It was revealed that a decision taken based only on a software tool could be destructive for the sustainability of a project, since not taking into account specific taxation, net metering, installation, maintenance costs, etc., beyond the optimization that the tool offers, can hide the truth.

Component-level failure analysis using multi-criteria hybrid approach to ensure reliable operation of wind turbines

2021 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2110039
Author(s):  
Hazem Kaylani ◽  
Ammar Alkhalidi ◽  
Fayez Al-Oran ◽  
Qutaiba Alhababsah
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Selection Of

Wind turbines are made of several electrical and mechanical components that are subject to several types of failures. Thus, the proper assessment of different failure modes and the selection of proper corrective actions will ensure the continuous and reliable functionality of wind turbines. In this research, the authors introduce a combined hybrid “Failure Modes and Effects Analysis” and “Analytic Hierarchy Process” (FMEA-AHP) method. This hybrid approach will be used to identify and analyze failure risk factors of wind turbine components. Firstly, FMEA is used to assess the impact of each component failure. Secondly, AHP is used to prioritize the severity of failures and the best measures aiming to reduce the risk of individual failures. The proposed measures, in this article, will enhance reliability and reduce operational costs of power generation using a wind turbine.

EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDIES OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINES

2018 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
B. P. Khozyainov
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Analytical Studies ◽  
Air Flow Velocity

The article carries out the experimental and analytical studies of three-blade wind power installation and gives the technique for measurements of angular rate of wind turbine rotation depending on the wind speeds, the rotating moment and its power. We have made the comparison of the calculation results according to the formulas offered with the indicators of the wind turbine tests executed in natural conditions. The tests were carried out at wind speeds from 0.709 m/s to 6.427 m/s. The wind power efficiency (WPE) for ideal traditional installation is known to be 0.45. According to the analytical calculations, wind power efficiency of the wind turbine with 3-bladed and 6 wind guide screens at wind speedsfrom 0.709 to 6.427 is equal to 0.317, and in the range of speed from 0.709 to 4.5 m/s – 0.351, but the experimental coefficient is much higher. The analysis of WPE variations shows that the work with the wind guide screens at insignificant average air flow velocity during the set period of time appears to be more effective, than the work without them. If the air flow velocity increases, the wind power efficiency gradually decreases. Such a good fit between experimental data and analytical calculations is confirmed by comparison of F-test design criterion with its tabular values. In the design of wind turbines, it allows determining the wind turbine power, setting the geometrical parameters and mass of all details for their efficient performance.

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