Simulation of the Heat Treatment of an Automotive Cast Part

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Lasne ◽  
Mickael Barbelet ◽  
Olivier Jaouen ◽  
Frederic Costes ◽  
Ihab Ragai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Isothermal Transformation ◽  
Shrinkage Porosity ◽  
Hot Tearing ◽  
Water Quenching ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
Cast Part ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Isothermal Transformation Diagram

In this paper, simulation of the casting and heat treatment processes of front spindle of a rigid dump truck are presented. The objectives are to present how the different operations can be simulated in order to predict the local phases in the different areas of the part. To reach these objectives, two software packages are used in sequenced. The first one, Thercast, is used to simulate the casting operation. The second one, Forge, is applied to the water-quenching simulation. The general formulations used are shortly presented in this paper. The aim of casting simulation is to compute the metal behavior from the liquid state at the pouring stage to the solid state during cooling into the mold. Filling and cooling phases simulations, taking into account the air gap, ensure that no internal defects like shrinkage, porosity, micro porosity or hot tearing are taking place into the part. Forge software allows the water quenching stage simulation. A model is used to deduct the IT diagram (Isothermal Transformation diagram) from the material composition. The initial grain size influences the transformation kinetics. Another main phenomenon is the efficiency of the cooling bath. The results of the simulation (phase distribution, distortion, residual stresses) strongly depend on these input conditions. Thus, the effect of input data variations on final results must be studied. The modeling approach is validated by comparisons with micrographic observations. Another solution to determine the reliability of the models is to observe the local properties in the quenched part. The prediction of the local micro hardness can be used to evaluate the accuracy of the quenching models.

Investigation of Influence of Quenching and Annealing on the Plane Fracture Toughness and Brittle to Ductile Transition Temperature of the Zinc Coated Structural Steel Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
M. Ramesh ◽  
Rajnish Garg ◽  
Garimella V. Subrahmanyam
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Water Quenching ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Brittle To Ductile Transition ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Specific Temperature

This article discusses that the variation in fracture toughness is exclusively due to the influence of coating on the surface of the material, depending upon the time interval that the specimen is immersed in the coating tub under a specific temperature. Parameters during the process of coating have shown their own influence on heat treatment, which has shown its own significance of the fracture toughness of coated and uncoated materials. Hence, to estimate this effect, EN 18 and AISI 1020 steels have been tested under different heat treatment processes, like annealing, oil-quenching and water-quenching. The results obtained under these conditions have clearly shown that the influence of heat treatment is significant on the fracture toughness of the materials. Compared to untreated materials, the annealed and quenched materials have shown much variation in fracture toughness.

Numerical Simulation of Residual Stresses during the Heat Treatment of Dies Made of Hot Work Tool Steel

2006 ◽  
Vol 524-525 ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Redl ◽  
Christian Friesenbichler ◽  
Volker Wieser
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Treatment Model ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Quenching Media ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Gas Quenching

Residual stresses are of great importance during the entire production cycle of high-grade steels. The use of modern tools based on the finite element method is steadily increasing to optimize heat treatment processes. As for industrial purposes it is often not possible to measure the entire set of material data a sensitivity analysis shows the relative influence of material properties related to phase transformation on the residual stresses during hardening. Subsequently the application of the numerical heat treatment model is shown on two examples: The magnitudes of residual stresses during the quenching of a forged bar in different quenching media are compared. The paper concludes with a numerical simulation of the heat treatment of a die used for extrusion processes. Phase distribution and residual stresses after gas quenching of the tool are presented.

Isothermal treatment of nitrided layers formed on steels

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Piotr Nawrocki ◽  
Jerzy Szawłowski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Nitrogen Saturation ◽  
Nitrided Layer ◽  
Isothermal Transformation ◽  
Isothermal Treatment ◽  
Surface Zone ◽  
Austenitizing Temperature ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Different Content

This work was aimed at investigating the formation of nitrided layers during the isothermal transformation (austempering) and at describing the formed nitrided layer properties. The tested steels were characterized by a different content of carbon and alloying elements. In the case of the isothermal transformation, 4 variants of heat treatment parameters of nitrided layers were applied. The heat treatment differed in the austenitizing temperature (750°C–860°C) and the isothermal transformation temperature (390°C- 420°C). The microstructure and the mechanical properties (hardness) of the nitrided layers formed after the heat treatment processes were determined. After the nitriding process, during 30 hours in the nitriding atmosphere consisting only of ammonia, the high nitrogen saturation in the surface zone of the layers was obtained. The nitrided layers, after the heat treatment processes, were char-acterized by the diversified thickness, as evidenced by the hardness distributions at their cross-sections.

Optimization of Heat Treatment of Castings

2015 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Michal Duchek ◽  
Filip Tikal ◽  
Jan Nachazel ◽  
Bozik Martinek
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Treatment Procedure ◽  
Cast Part ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Optimum Heat ◽  
Optimum Heat Treatment

The use of various types of software for rapid identification of potential problems in manufacturing processes is becoming ever more popular. One of such programs is DEFORM, simulation software for forming and heat treatment processes. The purpose of this study was to construct a 3D model of a specific casting, to identify its critical locations and then select the optimum heat treatment procedure preventing cracking. Results of this work include a detailed analysis of stress and temperature fields in the cast part.

Microstructural and Mechanical Development of As-Cast and Heat-Treated 935AgCu Alloys

2017 ◽  
Vol 891 ◽  
pp. 389-394
Author(s):  
Siriwan Sakultanchareonchai ◽  
Torranin Chairuangsri ◽  
S. Imurai ◽  
Ekasit Nisaratanaporn
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Water Quenching ◽  
Homogenization Treatment ◽  
Copper Addition ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Modulus Of Resilience ◽  
20 Nm

Microstructural and mechanical development of the various heat-treated 935 Ag-Cu alloys were explored. The heat-treatment processes were applied viz. holding before quenching for 2 and 15 min, homogenization at 750 °C for 60 min followed by water quenching, and aging at 350 °C for 15 to 60 min followed by water quench. It was found that the specimens with copper addition gave a high resiliency in all heat treatment conditions however the effect of homogenization with aging treatment fostered deep blemish or fire scale on its surface. The amplifications of resiliency of 935 heat-treated AgCuSn and AgCuBe alloy were increased but elongation values were slightly reduced. The 935 AgCuBeSn specimens produced adequate resiliency and elongation after aging at 350 °C for 15 to 60 min followed by water quenching. Partial dissolution and spheroidization of eutectic phase were occurred by homogenization treatment at 750 °C. Aging treatment promoted precipitation of 3-20 nm fcc (Cu,Sn)–rich precipitates and engendered an improvement of hardness, yield strength and the modulus of resilience or resiliency.

Result Mining in Numerical Simulation of Casting and Heat Treatment Processes

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 1433-1437
Author(s):  
Jin Wu Kang ◽  
Tian You Huang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Hot Tearing ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Simulation Results

Tons of numerical simulation results are obtained by numerical simulation of casting and heat treatment process. However, these results are not utilized sufficiently, most are wasted. The aim, to predict defects of castings, such as shrinkage, hot tearing, deformation and etc, need further processing of the simulated results. Therefore, the criteria should be established on the processing of the directly simulated results. What kind of more results can be acquired from these calculated data? This is an interesting question. In this paper, schematic analysis is carried out for further processing of results, result mining (RM) is proposed and its meaning is explained. Meanwhile, some case studies are presented.

INFLUENCE THE QUENCHING AND TEMPERING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS, OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Sattar H A Alfatlawi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

One of ways to improve properties of materials without changing the product shape toobtain the desired engineering applications is heating and cooling under effect of controlledsequence of heat treatment. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect ofheating and cooling on the surface roughness, microstructure and some selected propertiessuch as the hardness and impact strength of Medium Carbon Steel which treated at differenttypes of heat treatment processes. Heat treatment achieved in this work was respectively,heating, quenching and tempering. The specimens were heated to 850°C and left for 45minutes inside the furnace as a holding time at that temperature, then quenching process wasperformed in four types of quenching media (still air, cold water (2°C), oil and polymersolution), respectively. Thereafter, the samples were tempered at 200°C, 400°C, and 600°Cwith one hour as a soaking time for each temperature, then were all cooled by still air. Whenthe heat treatment process was completed, the surface roughness, hardness, impact strengthand microstructure tests were performed. The results showed a change and clearimprovement of surface roughness, mechanical properties and microstructure afterquenching was achieved, as well as the change that took place due to the increasingtoughness and ductility by reducing of brittleness of samples.

Effect of Two-step Heat Treatment Processes on the Formation of Protein Particles and Oil Droplets in Soymilk

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
Makoto Shimoyamada ◽  
Hironori Shikano ◽  
Shingo Mogami ◽  
Makoto Kanauchi ◽  
Hayato Masuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Protein Particles ◽  
Step Heat Treatment

Heat Treatment Influence on the Corrosion Resistance of a Cu-Al-Fe-Mn Bronze

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1055-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Ciurdas ◽  
Ioana Arina Gherghescu ◽  
Sorin Ciuca ◽  
Alina Daniela Necsulescu ◽  
Cosmin Cotrut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Water Quenching ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Different Temperatures

Aluminium bronzes are exhibiting good corrosion resistance in saline environments combined with high mechanical properties. Their corrosion resistance is obviously confered by the alloy chemical composition, but it can also be improved by heat treatment structural changes. In the present paper, five Cu-Al-Fe-Mn bronze samples were subjected to annealing heat treatments with furnace cooling, water quenching and water quenching followed by tempering at three different temperatures: 200, 400 and 550�C. The heating temperature on annealing and quenching was 900�C. The structure of the heat treated samples was studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Subsequently, the five samples were submitted to corrosion tests. The best resistance to galvanic corrosion was showed by the quenched sample, but it can be said that all samples are characterized by close values of open-circuit potentials and corrosion potentials. Concerning the susceptibility to other types of corrosion (selective leaching, pitting, crevice corrosion), the best corrosion resistant structure consists of a solid solution, g2 and k compounds, corresponding to the quenched and 550�C tempered sample.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document