Application of Formal Safety Assessment to Navigational Risk Evaluation of Yangtze River

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhang ◽  
Xinping Yan ◽  
Zaili Yang ◽  
Jin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
National Development ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

Formal safety assessment (FSA), as a structured and systematic risk evaluation methodology, has been gradually and broadly used in the shipping industry nowadays around the world. Concerns have been raised to navigational safety of Yangtze River, known as China’s largest and the world busiest inland waterway. With the national development of the Middle and Western parts of China, the throughput and the passing ships in Yangtze River have been rapidly increasing during the past few decades. Meanwhile, accidents such as collisions, groundings, overturns, oil-spills and fires occur repeatedly, causing serious consequences. In view of this, attempts made in this paper are to evaluate the navigational risk of Yangtze River using the FSA concept and a Bayesian Network (BN) technique, so as to enhance the navigational safety in Yangtze River.

Challenges and Developments in Navigational Risk Assessment With Large Uncertainty

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinping Yan ◽  
Jinfen Zhang ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Carlos Guedes Soares
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Rule Base ◽  
Event Tree ◽  
Event Tree Analysis ◽  
General Application ◽  
The Past ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment ◽  
Belief Rule Base

Concerns have been raised to navigational safety worldwide because of the increasing throughput and the passing ships during the past decades while maritime accidents such as collisions, groundings, overturns, oil-spills and fires have occurred, causing serious consequences. Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) has been acknowledged to be a framework widely used in maritime risk assessment. Under this framework, this paper discusses certain existing challenges when an effective safety assessment is carried out under a variety of uncertainties. Some theories and methodologies are proposed to overcome the present challenges, e.g., Fault/Event Tree Analysis (FTA/ETA), Evidential Reasoning (ER), Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) and Belief Rule Base (BRB). Subsequently, three typical case studies that have been carried out in the Yangtze River are introduced to illustrate the general application of those approaches. These examples aim to demonstrate how advanced methodologies can facilitate navigational risk assessment under high uncertainties.

Regulatory Approaches Leading to Holistic Implementation in a Fishing Vessel Fleet Less than 20 M in Length

2017 ◽  
Vol 159 (A4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Núñez Sánchez ◽  
L Pérez Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
Fishing Vessel ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

Fishing is a very dangerous sea activity with a high rate of fatalities that is difficult to deal with by Maritime and Fisheries Administrations around the world. Meanwhile the Ocean Governance requires a global approach to sustainability and safety, with overarching principles governing both of them. This paper deals for the first time with the implementation of a complete methodology to assess the safety at sea, by means of a bottom-up goal based standards with safety level approach, encompassing the national regulations and using formal safety assessment as the driver in a fishing vessel fleet below 24 m in length (L). It is concluded that such methodologies are applicable, goal based regulations can be established, flexibility in the design can be provided and have the potential to be later extrapolated to holistic approaches.

The Role of Arbitration in Shipping Law

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

The financial crisis of 2007–08 saw a marked increase in global shipping disputes that is still being felt today. In recent decades, arbitration has emerged as the dominant choice of dispute resolution in the global shipping industry, with the establishment of major maritime arbitration centres in London and New York, and the recent emergence of new centres such as Singapore and China. At the same time, the immense advances that have been made and continue to be made in engineering, technology, and communications have led to the emergence of innumerable new trade practices, common understandings, and usages within which goods are carried by sea across the world, but which, because of the widespread use of alternative fora for dispute resolution, may be invisible to and unrecognized by domestic laws. This book asks: What are the implications of widespread use of arbitration for the continued development of shipping law? Are national laws on shipping destined to become ossified and obsolete? Is a new lex maritima emerging? And, most importantly, what is the role of the arbitral process in the evolution of shipping law?

scholarly journals Automatic Risk Control Based on FSA Methodology Adaptation for Safety Assessment in Intelligent Buildings

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Mikulik ◽  
Mirosław Zajdel
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Risk Control ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Intelligent Buildings ◽  
Habitat Factors ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment ◽  
The World

Automatic Risk Control Based on FSA Methodology Adaptation for Safety Assessment in Intelligent BuildingsThe main area which Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) methodology was created for is maritime safety. Its model presents quantitative risk estimation and takes detailed information about accident characteristics into account. Nowadays, it is broadly used in shipping navigation around the world. It has already been shown that FSA can be widely used for the assessment of pilotage safety. On the basis of analysis and conclusion on the FSA approach, this paper attempts to show that the adaptation of this method to another area—risk evaluating in operating conditions of buildings—is possible and effective. It aims at building a mathematical model based on fuzzy logic risk assessment with different habitat factors included. The adopted approach lets us describe various situations and conditions that occur in creating and exploiting of buildings, allowing for automatic control of the risk connected to them.

Towards Environmental Risk Acceptance Criteria

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre C. Sames ◽  
Rainer Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment ◽  
Societal Risk ◽  
Risk Acceptance

Risk evaluation criteria related to safety of human life have been available in the maritime industry for some time. However, only recently these criteria became formally accepted by including the CAF and ALARP-boundaries into the Formal Safety Assessment guidelines of the IMO. Risk evaluation criteria related to the protection of the environment are not yet agreed. A proposal for a cost effectiveness criterion related to accidental oil spills called CATS was suggested by the project SAFEDOR. However, a societal risk acceptance of environmental damages from shipping is not yet proposed. And, to effectively apply a cost-effectiveness criterion related to environmental protection, societal risk acceptance and the associated ALARP area need to be defined. To contribute to the ongoing discussion on environmental risk evaluation criteria, this paper presents a societal risk acceptance criterion related to oil spills of tankers which can be used within risk-based ship design and approval as well as for rule-making. The presented work adds to SAFEDOR’s contribution to risk evaluation criteria for the maritime transport in providing an ALARP area for risk assessment of oil transport by tankers. The paper first presents the current state of oil transportation by tankers and continues with providing suggestions how the ALARP boundaries may be derived in this context.

A Mutual Information-Based Bayesian Network Model for Consequence Estimation of Navigational Accidents in the Yangtze River

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Wu ◽  
Tsz Leung Yip ◽  
Xinping Yan ◽  
Zhe Mao
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Mutual Information ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Bayesian Network Model ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment ◽  
Network Method ◽  
Graphical Structure

Navigational accidents (collisions and groundings) account for approximately 85% of mari-time accidents, and consequence estimation for such accidents is essential for both emergency resource allocation when such accidents occur and for risk management in the framework of a formal safety assessment. As the traditional Bayesian network requires expert judgement to develop the graphical structure, this paper proposes a mutual information-based Bayesian network method to reduce the requirement for expert judgements. The central premise of the proposed Bayesian network method involves calculating mutual information to obtain the quantitative element among multiple influencing factors. Seven-hundred and ninety-seven historical navigational accident records from 2006 to 2013 were used to validate the methodology. It is anticipated the model will provide a practical and reasonable method for consequence estimation of navigational accidents.

scholarly journals DESENVOLVIMENTO E PODER GLOBAL DA CHINA: A POLÍTICA MADE IN CHINA 2025

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Pautasso
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Economic Complexity ◽  
Global Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In China ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between development and global power of China. And, more specifically, how the Made in China 2025 policy is designed to deepen China’s development by driving strategic sectors of smart manufacturing and other innovations. To do so, it needs to understand how China has taken advantage of systemic changes since the 1970s to unleash a cycle of comprehensive reforms mobilizing industrial, commercial and technological (ICT) policies. That is, without state emulation there is no economic complexity or expansion of the country’s presence in the world. The proposed argument is that the interweaving between the internal and international dimensions compose the key of the rise of the powers - imperative underestimated by the narratives of liberal globalization - whose epicenter remains the national development.

Quantification of Net Environmental Benefit for Future Oil Spills

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Lunel ◽  
Jenifer M. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Immediate Feedback ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) is increasingly used as a framework to assess the environmental benefits and disadvantages of a chosen response action. This analysis can be used to account for political and economic impacts as well as the effects on the natural environment. Until recently the discussion has focused on qualitative assessments due to the lack of quantitative information collected at spills. This paper uses examples of best practice of NEBA from different spills around the world to outline the information that should be collected at future spills in order to determine the level of Net Environmental Benefit that has been achieved by the response operation. In the first instance immediate feedback may well provide information which aids decision making at the time of the incident. However, a key role for this information is also to enable responders around the world to establish best practice for a wide range of environmental sensitivities. Case histories of Net Environmental Benefits will provide a basis for the overall contingency planning process, recognising that post-spill decisions are best and most rapidly made in the light of pre-spill analyses, consultations and agreements by all the appropriate organisations.

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