A Method for Determining Quasi-Static and Dynamic Riser Inclination Using Collocated Accelerometers and Angular Rate Sensors

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scot McNeill ◽  
Paul Angehr ◽  
Dan Kluk ◽  
Tomokazu Saruhashi ◽  
Ikuo Sawada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Body Force ◽  
Angular Rate ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Fatigue Monitoring ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
Force Components

A method is described for determining quasi-static and dynamic riser angles using measured data typically found in a riser fatigue monitoring system, specifically acceleration and angular rate data. Quasi-static riser inclination and orientation of the inclination plane are determined from the low frequency triaxial accelerations, containing measurement of the gravitational body force. Components of the gravitational body force along the accelerometer axes vary slowly with the riser quasi-static response. The slowly varying Euler angles are determined from the components of gravity along the three axes. Dynamic riser inclination along and transverse to the quasi-static inclination plane are determined by integration of the angular rates, followed by transformation into a coordinate system aligned with the quasi-static inclination plane. The quasi-static and dynamic inclination angles are combined to arrive at the time trace of riser inclination angles. Following implementation of the method in Matlab®, the procedure was validated and the program verified using laboratory test data. A double-gimbaled platform was constructed, on which were mounted a triaxial accelerometer, biaxial angular rate and biaxial inclinometer (reference sensor). A battery of static and dynamic tests was carried out on the platform. Machinists’ levels and angle gauges were used to set the inclination in the various tests. The angles derived from the acceleration and angular rate data were compared to those of the reference inclinometer. Angle estimates were shown to match the reference angles with negligible error. The method was then implemented into the real-time Riser Fatigue Monitoring System (RFMS) aboard the Chikyu drillship. The algorithm was run using data from an emergency disconnect event that occurred in November, 2012. Quasi-static riser inclination angles were quite large due to high currents near the sea surface. Dynamic riser inclination angles proved to be significant due to Vortex Induced Vibration of the lower portion of the riser that immediately followed the disconnect event. It is important to note that the method uses data that is typically already included in real-time riser monitoring systems. Therefore only a software update is required to provide real-time riser angle information. If the method is built into data processing routines for real-time riser monitoring systems, the need for additional instrumentation, such as inclinometers near flex joints, may be circumvented. On the other hand, if inclinometers already exist, the method serves as an independent source of riser angle information at several locations on the riser. The method can also be used to calculate riser and Blow out Preventer (BOP) stack angles from data recorded using stand-alone, battery-powered loggers.

Compressor Computerized Performance Monitoring System CPMS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Goryachikh ◽  
Fahad Alghamdi ◽  
Abdulrahman Takrouni
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Compressibility Factor ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Turbo Expander ◽  
Time Calculation ◽  
Performance Deterioration

Abstract Background information Natural gas liquid (NGL) production facilities, typically, utilize turbo-expander-brake compressor (TE) to generate cold for C2+ separation from the natural gas by isentropic expansion of feed stream and use energy absorbed by expansion to compress residue gas. Experience shows that during operational phase TE can exposed to operation outside of design window that may lead to machine integrity loss and consequent impact on production. At the same time, there is a lack of performance indicators that help operator to monitor operating window of the machine and proactively identify performance deterioration. For instance, TE brake compressor side is always equipped with anti-surge protection system, including surge deviation alarms and trip. However, there is often gap in monitoring deviation from stonewall region. At the same time, in some of the designs (2×50% machines) likelihood of running brake compressor in stonewall is high during one machine trip or train start-up, turndown operating modes. Also, typical compressor performance monitoring systems does not have enough dynamic parameters that may indicate machine process process performance deterioration proactively (real-time calculation of actual polytrophic efficiency, absorbed power etc.) and help operator to take action before catastrophic failure occurs. In addition, typical compressor monitoring systems are based on assumed composition and fixed compressibility factor and do not reflect actual compositions variations that may affect machine performance monitoring. To overcome issues highlighted above, Hawiyah NGL (HNGL) team has developed computerized monitoring and advisory system to monitor the performance of turbo-expander-brake compressor, proactively, identify potentially unsafe conditions or performance deterioration and advice operators on taking necessary actions to avoid unscheduled deferment of production. Computerized performance monitoring system has been implemented in HNGL DCS (Yokogawa) and utilized by control room operators on day-to-day basis. Real-time calculation, analysis and outputs produced by performance monitoring system allow operator to understand how current operating condition are far from danger zone. Proactive deviation alarms and guide messages produce by the system in case of deviation help operators to control machine from entering unsafe region. Actual polytrophic efficiency, adsorbed power calculations provide machine condition status and allow identifying long-term performance deterioration trends.

The Applied Research of Real-Time Monitoring System for Earthquake

2010 ◽  
Vol 143-144 ◽  
pp. 837-840
Author(s):  
Ying Li Liu ◽  
Te Liang Yan ◽  
Zhen Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Strong Earthquake ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Earthquake Observation ◽  
Type Apparatus

In the vibration isolating foundation buildings, build strong earthquake observation system, at the same time, join the seismic observation to this system, underground observation is carrying along with the observation of the seismic response on the ground and the buildings. The dynamic accelerator-type apparatus applied in the system, comes into being an accelerator-characteristics from 0.05HZ to 50HZ by electronics feeding back, enormously decrease affects of super low frequency interference and the linear and dynamic ranges can suffice the actual functions, avoids obviously errors of displacement-type apparatus in low frequencies, acquires satisfied effects.

A SMS-Based Real-Time Device Monitoring and Abnormality Recovery System for Computer Rooms

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 3750-3754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Chiang Hu ◽  
Shing Han Li ◽  
Tien Wei Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Short Message Service ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Short Message ◽  
The Real ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Message Service ◽  
Reasonable Price

The equipments in computer rooms are complicated in nature. Many factors may influence their normal operations, for example: voltage, temperature, humidity, and the normalcy of systems. It would be prudent to have a monitoring system to prevent from unpredictable problems. Most monitoring systems in the market can only issue alarms in abnormal situations and then analyze the aftermath. They are also expansive and lack the ability for distant instant control. To tackle this problem, after our successful and practical experiments, we utilize GSM text messaging ability (i.e. SMS, short message service) and make distant monitoring possible. The monitoring system is established with a reasonable price that is well below current market. With this system, the manager/administrator can monitor the real-time status of equipments in computer rooms, send control commands through SMS and then get them executed to solve the problems instantly and effectively.

Real-Time Riser Fatigue Monitoring Routine: Architecture, Data and Results

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scot McNeill ◽  
Puneet Agarwal ◽  
Dan Kluk ◽  
Kenneth Bhalla ◽  
Tomokazu Saruhashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Angular Rate ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Joint Rotation ◽  
Computational Environment ◽  
Fatigue Monitoring

Recently, the Modal Decomposition and Reconstruction (MDR) algorithm was developed to accurately estimate fatigue damage in marine risers based on measured acceleration and angular rates at several locations. The greatest benefit for drilling risers can be derived by incorporating the method in an online, fully automated system. In this way, fatigue damage estimates are available to the crew on the rig in real-time for risk quantification and mitigation. To this end, the MDR routine was implemented for online assessment of fatigue damage along the entire riser from acceleration and angular rate measurements at typically 5–10 elevations. This paper discusses the architecture, highlights some measured data and provides results for modes, stress and fatigue damage rate for the Chikyu drilling vessel during two scientific drilling campaigns. These campaigns occurred at the Shimokita site (1180-meter water depth) and the Nankai trough site (1939-meter water depth). To the authors’ knowledge, real-time fatigue monitoring of the entire riser has not been accomplished previously. Robust incorporation of the MDR algorithm into an online computational environment is detailed, including incorporation of top tension and mud weight data from the rig, detection and removal of data errors, and streamlined flow of the data through the computational modules. Subsequently, it is shown by example how the measured accelerations and angular rates are used to determine excited modes, participating modes, stress distribution and fatigue damage along the entire Chikyu drilling riser in an online setting. The technology highlighted advances riser integrity management two steps forward by first using measured data at 5–10 locations and the MDR algorithm to reconstruct stress and fatigue damage along the entire riser, and secondly integrating this approach into a fully automated, real-time computational environment. As a result, drilling engineers are empowered with a tool that provides real-time data on the integrity of the drilling riser, enabling informed decisions to be made in adverse current or wave conditions. Measured data also serves as a benchmark for analytical model calibration activities, reducing conservatism in stress and fatigue in future deployments. Furthermore, cumulative fatigue damage can be tracked in each riser joint, enabling more effective joint rotation and inspection programs.

scholarly journals Investigation and design of monitoring systems in real time landslides at Xekaman 3 hydropower plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Pham Cong Khai ◽  
Nguyen Van Hai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Data Processing Center ◽  
Monitoring Stations

This paper presents results of investigating, designing, and building a monitoring system in real-time based on GNSS CORS technology in order to monitor landslides at Xekaman 3 hydropower plant in the Lao people’s Democratic Republic. A system with 18 monitoring stations and a CORS station has been designed to ensure the operation of system 24/7. The connection diagram for data transmission from the monitoring stations to the data processing center, as well as the connection diagram of the devices at a monitoring station has been designed. A simulation experiment has shown that the designed system can be applied for real-time monitoring of landslide.

Design of a New Flexometer for the Safety Monitoring System of Bridge

2014 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 647-650
Author(s):  
Hong Mei Cao
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Safety Monitoring ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Large Span ◽  
State Economy ◽  
Safety Monitoring System ◽  
The World

Large span bridges are very important infrastructure of the nations. The enormous investment and significance in state economy make them get more and more recognition. At present, the technology of the safety monitoring of bridges is becoming a hotspot in both academic and engineering field. Now, safety monitoring systems of the structures have been applied to many large bridges in the world. Among all these parameters which can indicate the safety status of bridges, the deflection is indispensable. Although there are lots of sensors now used to measure the degrees of the deflection, it is still very scarce that the sensors can be made for long-distance, real-time and automatic online completely. The photo-electricity and liquid level deflection sensors (PLLD) introduced here are cheaper and of better-automaticity and higher precision and can work online continuously without contact. This paper will show the structure, performance and theory of our new sensor based on ARM7 in detail. In the end, a concrete application instance in XiaoGou bridge of ShanXi province will be given.

Real-time monitoring of the longitudinal strain of Continuous Welded Rail for safety improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (10) ◽  
pp. 1238-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Consilvio ◽  
M Iorani ◽  
V Iovane ◽  
M Sciutto ◽  
G Sciutto
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Strain Monitoring ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Continuous Welded Rail ◽  
Rail Inspection ◽  
Human Error Probability

Continuous welded rail maintenance plays a significant role in ensuring high levels of rail traffic and safety. Temperature variations, excessive alignment defects, decreased fastening system resistance and train braking (always in the same stretches and in the same direction) may result in rail buckling or rail breaks. The current traditional monitoring systems and procedures for continuous welded rail consist of programmed discontinuous diagnostic surveys that require personnel intervention on site. Moreover, these traditional systems often imply destructive and invasive operations on the track that may lead to interruption of railway operations. This paper proposes a Rail Strain Monitoring System (RSMS) that performs a real-time rail strain monitoring and allows rail inspection without personnel on site. Using strain gauges and temperature sensors, placed on the rail in specific measurement points, the proposed Rail Strain Monitoring System performs a multi-parameter check by measuring, at the same time, the temperature, the rail strain and the neutral temperature of the rail. The paper describes the mode of operation of the Rail Strain Monitoring System, the calibration procedure and the results from the field, and highlights the advantages of this system in comparison to other traditional monitoring systems. The safety improvement that can be achieved with the application of the Rail Strain Monitoring System is analysed. In particular, the reliability of the system is evaluated and compared to the human error probability in the traditional manual inspections. Finally, the reduction of derailment risk and related economic damages is estimated.

Internet of Things Monitoring System of a Modeled Cleanroom

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilias Rosli ◽  
Mohd Ridzuan Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Working Out

The development of a cleanroom monitoring system needs more concentrated consideration consistently. There is a challenge to prove that the cleanroom operates following the specifications, in other words, users do not see the software error, they see failures in execution. This paper aims to design a smart monitoring system to monitor important parameters inside the cleanroom, i.e. temperature, humidity, and pressure to produce a good quality of work or experiment inside the cleanroom. The observing framework utilizes Arduino Mega as a microcontroller, ESP 8266 Wi-Fi module, DHT 11 as an integrated temperature and humidity sensor, HX710B as a pressure sensor, and Blynk application as a monitoring system to record and show information including provide fault notification. The project is tested on a modeled cleanroom to monitor important parameters via smartphone anytime and anywhere. From the experimental results, the Cleanroom IoT Monitoring System successfully read all parameters based on the system requirements and displays data of parameters in real-time and stored historical data. This system is also successful to provide failures notification of humidity, temperature, and pressure in real-time if any of the parameters are out of range from the system requirements. Lastly, users can monitor the condition of the cleanroom anytime and anywhere including receiving real-time failures notifications. This concept can avoid or reduce cleanroom working out of the criteria that can cause testing or experiment inside the cleanroom to be inaccurate. By observing and controlling the prerequisite development for IoT monitoring systems, great nature and better quality of performance of operational cleanrooms can be delivered.

Comparison of Real-Time Measured and Predicted Wellhead Fatigue Performance in a Deepwater Drilling Operation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mackenzie ◽  
Neil Murdoch ◽  
Stuart Killbourn
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Angular Rate ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Drilling Operation ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Vessel Motion

This paper discusses the use of a real-time monitoring system to track wave driven fatigue damage at critical locations in a subsea well during a 290-day drilling operation in the Mediterranean Sea. Real-time monitoring was employed due to up-front finite element (FE) analysis predicting fatigue damage rates of sufficient magnitude that the required safety factor would not be met. LMRP/BOP motions were recorded using two subsea monitoring units (each containing accelerometers and angular rate sensors). These were installed on the LMRP and above the lower flex joint. The accelerometer signals were used to deduce the static inclination of the well and the angular rate signals the dynamic inclination due to vessel motion and wave loading on the riser. Data was transmitted in real-time to a central processing unit on board the vessel. This converted the motion data into fatigue damage accumulation using non-linear transfer functions derived from the FE model. The damage was displayed in a simplified format for use in decision-making. The recorded data revealed the motions of the LMRP/BOP and hence the damage rates in the well to be considerably less than predicted by the FE analysis. The damage rates derived from the monitoring system therefore served as a continuously updating demonstration that an acceptable margin of safety against suffering a fatigue failure was being maintained thus permitting drilling to proceed safely. A subsequent benchmarking study which additionally involved processing of recorded vessel motion data, current data and seastate data was undertaken to identify possible reasons for the differences between the predicted and measured LMRP/BOP motions. This showed that conservative assumptions made on the soil stiffness (due to limited availability of data), differences between the predicted and measured riser natural periods and differences between the predicted and measured vessel motions all contributed to the LMRP/BOP motions and hence the damage rates predicted by the up-front FE analysis being larger than measured in the field. The systematic identification of the factors which contributed to the differences between the predicted and measured response is described in this paper. Areas where further work would be of value to help improve the reliability of up-front, analytically predicted fatigue damage rates are also discussed.

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