Nano-Modified Rock-Based Geopolymers As Supplement to Portland Cement for Oil Well Cementing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Khalifeh ◽  
Saeed Salehi ◽  
Aleksandra Jamrozik ◽  
Raymos Kimanzi ◽  
Saeid Abdollahpour
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Inorganic Polymers ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Barrier Material ◽  
Prior Art ◽  
Criteria For Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Geopolymers being inorganic polymers, pumpable, gaining compressive strength, bonding to steel and formation, and showing durability at downhole conditions make them a possible barrier material. However, having low tensile strength, and being contaminated severely with water-based fluids are the challenges to be mitigated. These challenges have also been observed in recently developed rock-based geopolymers. Different researchers have suggested the application of nanoparticles as additive to geopolymers for increasing the mechanical properties. Of these one could list nanosilica, nano titanium di-oxide, nanocarbon graphene, carbon nanotubes, and nano aluminium. However, their reasoning for utilization of these nano particles originated from their effect on properties of Portland cement. In this study, the effect of nano titanium di-oxide and nanocarbon graphene is considered on the rock-based geopolymers. The two main criteria for selection of these materials are in-house availability, and the published prior art. The effect of the nano materials on rheological behavior, mechanical strength and microstructure of the geopolymers are the main investigated parameters. The obtained result shows that the nano materials improve the pumpability of the geopolymers but not improving the tensile strength effectively.

Composites of Portland Cement and Natural Polymers

2005 ◽  
Vol 498-499 ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulisses Targino Bezerra ◽  
Antonio Eduardo Martinelli ◽  
D.M.A. Melo ◽  
D.M. Henrique ◽  
E.M. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Hardened Cement Pastes

The tensile strength of Portland cement may be increased by additional reinforcement. This is usually accomplished by means of steel rods, fibers or particles, which are mixed to the slurry. In an attempt of increasing toughness and tensile strength of hardened cement pastes, the present work describes the behavior of composites consisting of Portland reinforced by natural polymer particles for oil well cementing. The main purpose of the study was to select plastic and environmentally friendly powdered materials capable of filling the typical porosity developed on hardened Portland cement. Preliminary results suggested that the tensile strength of plain Portland hardened slurries could be increased by as much as 40% by adding 10% of reinforcement.

Tensile Strength of Barrier Material

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zabielska-Adamska ◽  
Mariola Wasil
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Cohesive Soil ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Compacted Clay ◽  
Barrier Material ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Selection Of

The most significant element of the municipal landfill construction is leak-proof assurance which reduces the negative influence of waste on the environment. Mineral liners and covers are correctly built-in cohesive soil layers, with a coefficient of permeability less than 10−9 m/s. Recently, researchers have conducted investigations with the possibility of utilising fly ash as a mineral barrier material. A very important part in the selection of material for the barrier is determining its ability to deformation. Its destruction is initiated by the process of the formation and propagation of cracks caused by tensile stress. Tensile strength was determined for the compacted samples of fly ash and ash with the addition of sodium bentonite which improves plasticity of the ash, as well as for compacted clay, for comparison. Laboratory tests were performed using indirect method (Brazilian test) on disc-shaped samples, using a universal testing machine with a frame load range of ± 1 kN. It was found that sodium bentonite significantly affects the tensile strength of fly ash. The obtained values of deformation and tensile strength of compacted fly ash containing up to 5% bentonite have been compared to those obtained for the clay used in mineral sealing.

Geopolymers As an Alternative for Oil Well Cementing Applications: A Review of Advantages and Concerns

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Khalifeh ◽  
Arild Saasen ◽  
Helge Hodne ◽  
Rune Godøy ◽  
Torbjørn Vrålstad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Inorganic Polymers ◽  
Newtonian Viscosity ◽  
Cement Sample ◽  
Static Fluid ◽  
Lower Fluid ◽  
Downhole Temperature

Geopolymers, being inorganic polymers created from rock sources, were evaluated as an alternative to Portland cement. To evaluate their usability some properties of a selected geopolymer were measured and compared with those from a neat class G Portland cement. The geopolymeric slurries showed a non-Newtonian viscosity behavior with a measurable, albeit low, yield stress. The pumpability measurements using atmospheric and pressurized consistometer showed an adequate set profile for both the geopolymer and cement sample. Static fluid loss test show that the geopolymeric slurries experienced a lower fluid loss compared to that of the Portland cement. The shrinkage factor for the geopolymers was reduced (expanded) as the downhole temperature was ramped up. The shrinkage of the Portland cement sample proceeded only with a lower rate. Tensile strength of the geopolymers was approximately 5% of their compressive strength; however, this value for Portland cement was approximately 10% of its compressive strength. Finally, shear bond strength of geopolymers would benefit from improvement.

Geopolymers as an Alternative for Oil Well Cementing Applications: A Review of Advantages and Concerns

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Khalifeh ◽  
Arild Saasen ◽  
Helge Hodne ◽  
Rune Godøy ◽  
Torbjørn Vrålstad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Inorganic Polymers ◽  
Newtonian Viscosity ◽  
Cement Sample ◽  
Static Fluid ◽  
Lower Fluid ◽  
Downhole Temperature

Geopolymers, being inorganic polymers created from rock sources, were evaluated as an alternative to Portland cement. To evaluate their usability, some properties of a selected geopolymer were measured and compared with those from a neat class G Portland cement. The geopolymeric slurries showed a non-Newtonian viscosity behavior with a measurable, albeit low, yield stress. The pumpability measurements using atmospheric and pressurized consistometer showed an adequate set profile for both the geopolymer and cement sample. Static fluid loss test shows that the geopolymeric slurries experienced a lower fluid loss compared to that of the Portland cement. The shrinkage factor for the geopolymers was reduced (expanded) as the downhole temperature was ramped up. The shrinkage of the Portland cement sample proceeded only with a lower rate. Tensile strength of the geopolymers was approximately 5% of their compressive strength; however, this value for Portland cement was approximately 10% of its compressive strength. Finally, shear bond strength of geopolymers would benefit from improvement.

Air Pressure Test on Concrete with Nano-Cement

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 748-753
Author(s):  
Jemimah M. Carmichael ◽  
Prince G. Arulraj
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Pressure Test

Nanotechnology is an emerging area of research that has received a lot of attention for its ability to make use of the unique properties of nano-sized materials. The grain size of the nano particles will be in the order of 10–9 m (1–100 nm). Due to the very small particle size and extremely large specific surface area, nano particles have same remarkable properties. The use of nano materials for making concrete is of recent origin. Addition of nano materials in concrete can lead to significant improvements in the strength and durability of concrete. For nuclear power plants, concrete with high compressive strength, high split tensile strength, low porosity and high density are required. An attempt has been made to increase the compressive and split tensile strength of concrete by replacing a portion of cement with nano cement. M20, M30, M40 and M50 grades of concrete were cast. For each of these mixes, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of cement was replaced with nano- cement. Nano-cement was made by grinding the commercially available 53 grade pozzolona cement in the ball grinding mill. A scanning electron microscope was used to determine the particle size of the nano-cement produced. A hollow cylinder of the concrete was made with concrete containing nano materials. The Air pressure test was carried at on hardened concrete and the results were compared with that of normal cement concrete. The safe internal pressure for M50 concrete with 50% replacement of cement with nano-cement was found to be 13.3 kg/cm2, which 31.6% higher than that of the normal M50 concrete.

scholarly journals Study the Characterizations of Cement Mortar by Nano Pozzolanic Materials Additions

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadhil A. Rasin ◽  
Laith K. Abbas ◽  
Mohammed J. Kadhim
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio ◽  
Nano Alumina

This study involves adding nano materials and interaction with cement mortar behavior for several mortar samples under variable curing time with constant water to cement ratio (W/C = 0.5). The effects of adding nano materials on the microstructure of cement mortar were studied by (Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray (for samples at different curing time 28 and 91 days. Small ratio replacements of nano particles (SiO2 or Al2O3) were added to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) type (I). The percentage of nano materials additives replacement by weight of ordinary Portland cement includes (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%) for both types of nano materials with constant (W/C) ratio, also the amount of the fine aggregate used was three times the amount of cement. The results showed that, the mortar consist of both nano materials had better microstructure than mortar without nano materials in all test. Best enhancements in properties and microstructure for mortars with nano silica were achieved with (3%) additives while were achieved with nano alumina at (2%) additives.

ADDITIONAL CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF MALTING QUALITY IN BARLEY BREEDING

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. BENDELOW
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Sample Extraction ◽  
Criteria For Selection ◽  
Selection Of

A procedure that provides information on the suitability of barley for malting and, brewing purposes is described. Three parameters are measured: mash filtration rate, wort viscosity and wort-reducing sugar content, as maltose. Maltose is determined by an auto-analyzer method and this is a satisfactory alternative to the specific gravity procedure for the estimation of percent extract. The addition of these criteria to those already in use enables more discriminatory selection at early generations of barley-breeding programs. The technique requires only one sample extraction and 18 g of laboratory malt.

Influence of Nano Particles in the Flexural Behavior of High-Strength Reinforced Concrete Beams

2021 ◽  
Vol 1160 ◽  
pp. 25-43
Author(s):  
Naglaa Glal-Eldin Fahmy ◽  
Rasha El-Mashery ◽  
Rabiee Ali Sadeek ◽  
L.M. Abd El-Hafaz
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Flexural Ductility

High strength concrete (HSC) characterized by high compressive strength but lower ductility compared to normal strength concrete. This low ductility limits the benefit of using HSC in building safe structures. Nanomaterials have gained increased attention because of their improvement of mechanical properties of concrete. In this paper we present an experimental study of the flexural behavior of reinforced beams composed of high-strength concrete and nanomaterials. Eight simply supported rectangular beams were fabricated with identical geometries and reinforcements, and then tested under two third-point loads. The study investigated the concrete compressive strength (50 and 75 N/mm2) as a function of the type of nanomaterial (nanosilica, nanotitanium and nanosilica/nanotitanium hybrid) and the nanomaterial concentration (0%, 0.5% and 1.0%). The experimental results showed that nano particles can be very effective in improving compressive and tensile strength of HSC, nanotitanium is more effective than nanosilica in compressive strength. Also, binary usage of hybrid mixture (nanosilica + nanotitanium) had a remarkable improvement appearing in compressive and tensile strength than using the same percentage of single type of nanomaterials used separately. The reduction in flexural ductility due to the use of higher strength concrete can be compensated by adding nanomaterials. The percentage of concentration, concrete grade and the type of nanomaterials, could predominantly affect the flexural behavior of HSRC beams.

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF PREPARATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SORPTION-DETOXIFYING COMPLEXES FOR AGRICULTURAL ANIMALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
L.L. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
G.A. Zhorov ◽  
V.I. Dorozhkin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Combined Pollution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Criteria For Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Negative impact on the environment as a result of economic activity of man increasingly becomes the character of combined pollution of ecotoxicants, including xenobiotics of radiation and chemical nature. In animal husbandry in ecologically unfavorable regions, sorbtion-detoxication technologies based on the complex application of bioprotective substances of different origin are used to reduce the intake and accumulation of xenobiotics, to normalize the physiological state of animals and to obtain safe products. It is necessary to observe certain principles ensuring compatibility of components, a wide range of bioprotective action, efficiency and safety at their use in developing the compositions of such sorption-detoxifying complexes. The article substantiates the criteria that should be followed in creating sorption-detoxifying complexes and presents groups of drugs with different mechanisms of action (sorbents, antioxidants, immunomodulators, adaptogens and other biologically active substances) for inclusion in the formulations of combined compositions.

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