Development of Cable Reinforced 3-Dimensional Base Isolation Air Spring

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Kageyama ◽  
Tsutomu Iba ◽  
Takahiro Somaki ◽  
Hisako Hino ◽  
Katsuhiko Umeki
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Horizontal Direction ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Air Spring ◽  
Steel Cable ◽  
3 Dimensional

In Japan, the study on the development of a 3-dimensional base isolation system to be applied to a nuclear power plant, which requires supreme safety against severe earthquakes, has been carried out since 2000. An idea with the concept of a cable reinforced air spring was proposed as the 3-dimensional base isolation device. The dimension of the air spring applying to the actual power plant is 9 meters in the outer-diameter and 3.5 meters in height. The allowable half strokes are respectively 1.5 meters for the horizontal direction and 0.5 meters for the vertical directions. The supporting weight for a single device is 52MN, where the inner air pressure is about 1.2MPa. This device enables to realize three-dimensional base isolation with a single device, whose characteristics is a natural period of over 4 seconds in the horizontal direction and over 3 seconds in the vertical direction. Furthermore, this device does not require precision mechanical parts just common building materials, which are steel, cable wire, polyester fabric and a rubber sheet. Therefore, the construction cost for this device could be reduced effectively. In order to confirm the performance of the proposed device, experimental tests using the three dimensional shaking table were carried out on the proposed cable reinforced 3-dimensional base isolation air spring, whose outer diameter is 2 meters, being 1/4.5 scale of the actual size. The weight of approximately 392kN including a 4-story steel frame was loaded on the test specimen in order to create inner air pressure of 0.157MPa. As a result, the device was confirmed to function smoothly in three dimensions with natural periods of 1.8 seconds in the horizontal direction and 1.4 seconds in the vertical direction, and is considered that the proposed system can be applied to actual power plants.

Study on Three-Dimensional Seismic Isolation System for Next Generation Nuclear Power Plant: Independent Cable Reinforced Rolling-Seal Air Spring

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Kageyama ◽  
Yoshihiko Hino ◽  
Satoshi Moro
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Air Spring ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Rubber Sheet

In Japan, the development of the next generation NPP has been conducted in recent years. In the equipment/piping design of the plant, seismic condition has been required much more mitigate than before. So, the three-dimensional (abbreviation to 3D) seismic isolation system development has also been conducted since 2000. The superlative 3D base isolation system for the entire building was proposed. The system is composed of cable reinforced air springs, rocking arresters and viscous dampers. Dimensions of the air spring applied to the actual power plant are 8 meters in the outer-diameter and 3.5 meters in height. The allowable half strokes are 1.0 meters in horizontal and 0.5 meters in vertical respectively. The maximum supporting weight for a single device is 70 MN. The inner design air pressure is about 1.8MPa. This air spring has a distinguishing feature, which realizes 3D base isolation with a single device, whose natural periods are about 4 seconds in horizontal and about 3 seconds in vertical. In order to verify the 3D performance of this system, several feasibility tests were conducted. Firstly, 3D shaking table tests were conducted. The test specimen is scaled 1/4 of the actual device. The outer diameter and inner air pressure of air spring is 2 meters and 0.164 MPa. Next, a pressure resistant test for the sub cable, textile sheet and rubber sheet, which composed air spring, were conducted as a full scale model test. Then, air permeation test for the rubber sheet was also conducted. As a result, the proposed system was verified that it could be applied to the actual nuclear power plants.

In Vitro Evaluation of an Ultrasonic Three-Dimensional Imaging and Volume System

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Brinkley ◽  
Saundra K. Muramatsu ◽  
W. Desmond McCallum ◽  
Richard L. Popp
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Horizontal Direction ◽  
Volume Determination ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Repeatability Error ◽  
Point Determination

A method is described for developing three dimensional organ reconstructions and volumes from a series of arbitrarily oriented real time ultrasonic scans. In vitro evaluations of this method assessed the accuracy of three dimensional point determination and the accuracy of volume determination. The overall repeatability error of three dimensional point determination was found to be 0.6 cm in the horizontal direction and 0.3 cm in the vertical direction; most of this error was caused by the ultrasound resolution and errors in the 3D position locator. The accuracy of volume determination was assessed on balloons, kidneys and left ventricular molds. Thirty volume trials on 10 balloons gave 27 out of 30 calculations within 1.8 percent of true volume. Eighteen trials on 6 kidneys gave 17 out of 18 calculations within 5.1 percent of true volume. Fifteen trials on 5 human left ventricular molds gave 13 out of 15 calculations within −5.9 percent of the true volume. It is concluded that this technique provides the potential for accurate non-invasive volumes, for organs such as the heart, kidney or fetus.

scholarly journals A Three-Dimensional Wireless Indoor Localization System

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Yi ◽  
Minjie Yu ◽  
Ziqiao Zhou ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Qingquan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Localization System ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Outdoor Localization ◽  
Vertical Localization

Indoor localization, an emerging technology in location based service (LBS), is now playing a more and more important role both in commercial and in civilian industry. Global position system (GPS) is the most popular solution in outdoor localization field, and the accuracy is around 10 meter error in positioning. However, with complex obstacles in buildings, problems rise in the “last mile” of localization field, which encourage a momentum of indoor localization. The traditional indoor localization system is either range-based or fingerprinting-based, which requires a lot of time and efforts to do the predeployment. In this paper, we present a 3-dimensional on-demand indoor localization system (3D-ODIL), which can be fingerprint-free and deployed rapidly in a multistorey building. The 3D-ODIL consists of two phases, vertical localization and horizontal localization. On vertical direction, we propose multistorey differential (MSD) algorithm and implement it to fulfill the vertical localization, which can greatly reduce the number of anchors deployed. We use enhanced field division (EFD) algorithm to conduct the horizontal localization. EFD algorithm is a range-free algorithm, the main idea of which is to dynamically divide the field within different signature area and position the target. The accuracy and performance have been validated through our extensive analysis and systematic experiments.

scholarly journals Creating E-Courses for Learning the CAD Basics

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Sergei A. Burtsev ◽  
Bronislav B. Novitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Learning Systems ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Course Development ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Assembly Algorithm ◽  
The Third ◽  
Development Tool

Article is devoted to the peculiarities of creating an electronic course on learning the basics of three-dimensional design of wind power plant elements using modern software systems. The iSpring Suite program was chosen as a course development tool. It has support for the SCORM 2004 format and extensive integration with office suites. In order to minimize problems with working in various distance learning systems, the course was divided into nine modules. The first module is dedicated to the basics of wind energy. The second module provides an overview of existing CAD programs. The third and fourth modules are dedicated to 2dimensional design. The fifth and sixth modules introduce commands for creating 3-dimensional parts from both other parts and 2-dimensional sketches. Module 7 is devoted to algorithms for creating assemblies from existing 3-dimensional parts. Module 8 and 9 represent the implementation of the multiplier/reducer Assembly algorithm from ready-made 3dimensional parts that are present in the course resources.

Development of Three-Dimensional Seismic Isolation Technology for Next Generation Nuclear Power Plant Applications

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Takahashi ◽  
K. Inoue ◽  
M. Morishita ◽  
T. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
The Real ◽  
Reactor Building

Seismic isolation technology plays an important role in the area of architect engineering, especially in Japan where earthquake comes so often. This technology also makes the nuclear power plant rationalized. The horizontal base isolation with laminated rubber bearings has already been proven its effectiveness. These days, seismic isolation technology is expected to mitigate even the vertical load, which affects the structural design of primary components. Seismic isolation system has possibility to improve the economical situation for the nuclear power plant. From these points of view, a research project has been proceeded to realize practical three dimensional seismic isolation systems from 2000 to 2005 under the sponsorship of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of the Japanese government. The isolation system is developed for the supposed “Fast Breeder Reactor (abbreviated FBR)” of the next generation. Two types of seismic isolation systems are developed in the R&D project. One is a three-dimensional base isolation for a reactor building (abbreviated 3D SIS) and the other is a vertical isolation for main components with horizontal base isolation of the reactor building (abbreviated V. +2D SIS). At first step of the R&D, requirements and targets of development for the seismic isolation system were identified. Seismic condition for R&D was discussed based on the real seismic response. Vertical natural frequency and damping ratio required to the system were introduced from the response to the seismic movement. As for 3D SIS, several system concepts were proposed to satisfy the requirements and targets. Through discussions and tests on performance, reliability, applicability, maintainability, “Rolling seal type air spring system with hydraulic anti-rocking devices” was decided to be developed. Verification shaking tests with the 1/7 scale model of the system and analysis for applicability to the real plant are conducted. The result shows that the system is able to support the reactor building, to suppress the rocking motion and to mitigate the vertical seismic load. As for V.+2D SIS, coned disk spring device was selected at the beginning of R&D. Performance tests of the elements, which include common deck movement, were conducted and the system applicability to the plant is confirmed. Verification tests were conducted with 1/8 scale model of the system and the result proves the applicability to the real plant.

Gas Flow in a Permeable Earth Formation Containing a Crack

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Pitts ◽  
H. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Nuclear Explosion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Driving Pressure ◽  
Horizontal Direction ◽  
Underground Nuclear Explosion ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Propagating Crack

Gas flow in a permeable earth formation following an experimental underground nuclear explosion is analyzed to predict conditions that might lead to venting of radioactive gases to the atmosphere. A three-dimensional analysis considers flow of the explosion gas through the permeable earth formation as well as flow of the gas through a propagating crack. Effects of variations in permeability, k, from 10−6 to 1.0 (μm)2 and ratio of the maximum resistive overburden pressure to the initial gas-driving pressure of explosions, Prmax/P1 from 0.1–0.9 are delineated. Initial dimensions of the crack range from 30–110 m in the vertical direction, 30–170 m in the horizontal direction and 10–50 mm in thickness. Propagation of a crack to the earth’s surface following a typical experimental underground nuclear explosion buried at a depth of 500 m would require unusual conditions such as when k < 10−4 (μm)2 and Prmax/P1 < 0.75.

Development of Three Dimensional Seismic Isolation Device With Laminated Rubber Bearing and Rolling Seal Type Air Spring

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junji Suhara ◽  
Tadashi Tamura ◽  
Yasuo Okada ◽  
Katsuhiko Umeki
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Horizontal Load ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Air Spring ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Rubber Bearing ◽  
Laminated Rubber Bearing ◽  
Isolation Device

Three dimensional (3D) seismic isolation device has been developed to use for the base isolation system of the heavy building like a nuclear reactor building. The developed device is the 3D seismic isolation device that consists of the laminated rubber bearing as a horizontal isolation device and the rolling seal type air spring as the vertical isolation device in series. In this research, the 3D seismic isolation device reduction model whose scale is 1/10 is made and the workability of the device by the horizontal and vertical dynamic load is examined. Two experiment parameters are considered. One is the case that the structure of the part that the horizontal load and the vertical load contact is pin condition and the other is the case of the roller condition. As a result of the examination, the workability of the vertical direction is confirmed when the horizontal load acts. The pressure resistant ability test for the air spring is performed by the monotonic pressurization. As the result, it is confirmed that pressure resistant ability improved by restricting the side deformation of the air spring and that the material of the existing air spring can withstand high pressure use sufficiently. As the result, it is confirmed that the developed 3D seismic isolation device is applicable to the actual plant.

Unsteady, 3-Dimensional Flow Measurement Using a Miniature Virtual 4 Sensor Fast Response Aerodynamic Probe (FRAP)

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pfau ◽  
J. Schlienger ◽  
A. I. Kalfas ◽  
R. S. Abhari
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Three Dimensional Flow ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Flow ◽  
Sensor Probe ◽  
Probe Head

This paper introduces the new fast response aerodynamic probe, which was recently developed at the ETH Zurich. The technique provides time-resolved, three-dimensional flow measurements using the virtual four sensor technique. The concept and the evaluation of the virtual four sensor probe is discussed in detail. The basic results consist of yaw and pitch flow angles as well as the total and static pressure. They combine to form the unsteady, three dimensional flow vector. The outer diameter of the cylindrical probe head was miniaturized to 0.84mm, hence probe blockage effects as well as dynamic lift effects are reduced. The shape of the probe head was optimized in view of the manufacturing process as well as aerodynamic considerations. The optimum geometry for pitch sensitivity was found to be a cylindrical surface with the axis perpendicular to the probe shaft. The internal design of the probes led to a sensor cavity eigenfrequency of 44kHz for the yaw sensitive and 34kHz for the pitch sensitive probe. Data acquisition is done with a fully automated traversing system, which moves the probe within the test rig and samples the signal with a PC-based A/D-board. An error analysis implemented into the data reduction routines revealed acceptable accuracy for flow angles as well as pressures for many turbomachinery flows. Depending on the dynamic head of the application the yaw angle is accurate within ±0.35° and pitch angle within ±0.7°. In the final section, a comparison of time averaged results to five hole probe measurements is discussed. The advantages of the new probe, beside its unique smallness, are the complete unsteady kinematic information and the improved recording of unsteady total pressure measurement as it is pointed out in a comparison against a 2D virtual three sensor probe.

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