scholarly journals Strain Gage Test Results of Band-Type Locking Rings for a Typical Drum Type Radioactive Material Package

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. McKeel ◽  
Allen C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Strain Gage ◽  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Drop Test ◽  
Uniform Strain ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Band Type

Band type closure rings are commonly used for securing the drum lid on radioactive material packages of lower weight classifications. Lid installation is achieved by placing the band around the perimeter of the lidded drum and tightening the single bolt in stages until a designated torque value is obtained. The band is subjected to heavy rapping with a soft hammer during installation to equilibrate the band strains around the drum perimeter. The study described here investigated the strain distributions in the band throughout the installation process. The results show that a uniform strain distribution is achieved during installation and that the hammering of the band aids in achieving the uniform distribution. The results of the strain levels after the drop test indicate that the locking rings maintain some pre-tension, even after severe targeted drops that crush a portion of the drum top.

scholarly journals Manufacture and Strength Analysis of Ergonomic Bicycle Helmet Made from Polymeric Foam Composite Strengthened by Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber with Free Fall Drop Test Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Mahadi Mahadi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Product Safety ◽  
Drop Test ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Shell Layer ◽  
Bicycle Helmet ◽  
Polymeric Foam ◽  
Foam Composite

This article contains a study report on the manufacturing of bicycle helmet models that use polymeric foam composite materials strengthened by oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). The test results of mechanical polymeric foam obtain tensile stress (σt) 1.17 MPa, compressive stress (σc) 0.51 MPa, bending stress (σb) 3.94 MPa, modulus of elasticity (E) 37.97 MPa, density ( ρ) 193 (kg / m3). The testing results of thermal conductivity (k) with ASTM C177-04 standard obtain 0.096 W/mK. Aerodynamic simulation is carried out on 5 bicycle helmet models with different variations of air ventilation formations and obtained the M4A model that best met the ergonomic criteria. The simulation results of the M4A helmet model are max 65.668 Pa of air pressure (Pu), 26,8 0C of inner wall temperature (Ti), 11.0724 m/s of air velocity (vi) and 0.89 of drag coefficient (CD). Bicycle helmet manufacturing is carried out by hand lay up method for shell layer and casting mold for liner by using GFRP polymer composite molds. Both layers are made by sandwich method with the composition of the shell layer is 100 grams resin, 15 grams glass fiber and 5 grams catalyst. The composition of the liner layer is 275 grams (50%) of unsaturated Polyester 157 BQTN-EX resin, 27.5 grams (5%) of OPEFB fiber, 247 grams (45%) of Blowing Agent Polyurethane and 27.5 grams (5%) of Methyl Ketone Perokside catalyst (MEKPO). The toughness of the helmet is tested by using a free fall drop test with the standard of Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) with the height of impact 1.5 meters. The free fall drop test results are max 2.02 MPa of the impact stress of the M4A bicycle helmet model (σi) and max 283.77 joules of energy impact (Ei) which is close to the Consumer Product Safety Commission’s (CPSC) standard value of 110 joules.

Dynamic Analysis of Radioactive Material Package With Clamp-Ring Closure

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsu-te Wu ◽  
Lawrence F. Gelder ◽  
Allen C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Numerical Technique ◽  
Ring Closure ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Integration Scheme ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Numerical Integration Scheme ◽  
Drop Tests

Separation of the closure lid from the drum-type radioactive material packages employing the conventional clamp-ring closure has been a safety concern. Currently, the evaluation of drum-closure separation problems resorts to expensive and time-consuming tests. Therefore, an analytical capability to predict drum-closure separation is desired. However, the conventional methods of dynamic analysis are not applicable to this subject. The difficulty of the problem mainly lies in solving the complicated preload stresses on the multiple contacted surfaces during claim-ring tightening and in integrating the preload results with the subsequent drop simulation. A technique has been previously proposed by Wu for the dynamic analyses of containers with locking-ring closures (Reference 1). This paper presents a refinement of the proposed technique and also extends the technique from the dynamic simulation of one single drop to the simulation of two sequential drops. The finite-element method with explicit numerical integration scheme is utilized to simulate both the closure bolt tightening process and the drop impact. The essential aspects of the proposed technique include: quasi-static simulation of clamp-ring tightening process; association of the floor motion with the package motion before the drop simulation starts; and creation of the package velocity before impact starts. To verify the proposed numerical technique, an analysis is performed for the 6M Package with a standard clamp-ring closure to simulate the following three sequential loading conditions: the preload caused by tightening the clamp ring; a NCT 4-foot drop; and a HAC 30-foot drop. The analytical results are compared with the results of the sequential NCT and HAC drop tests of a 6M Package with the standard clamp-ring closure. The test results have verified that the proposed numerical technique is capable of predicting the drum closure separation with respect to drop heights as well as the deformed shape of the package.

Drop Reliability of Corner Bonded CSP in Portable Products

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyun Tian ◽  
Yueli Liu ◽  
Pradeep Lall ◽  
R. Wayne Johnson ◽  
Sanan Abderrahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Drop Test ◽  
Mechanical Shock ◽  
Solder Paste ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
Four Corners ◽  
Capillary Underfill

The use of CSPs has expanded rapidly, particularly in portable electronic products. Many CSP designs will meet the thermal cycle or thermal shock requirements for these applications. However, mechanical shock (drop) and bending requirements often necessitate the use of underfills to increase the mechanical strength of the CSP-to-board connection. Capillary flow underfills processed after reflow, provide the most common solution to improving mechanical reliability. However, capillary underfill adds board dehydration, underfill dispense, flow and cure steps and the associated equipment to the assembly process. Corner bonding provides an alternate approach. Dots of underfill are dispensed at the four corners of the CSP site after solder paste print, but before CSP placement. During reflow the underfill cures, providing mechanical coupling between the CSP and the board at the corners of the CSP. Since only small areas of underfill are used, board dehydration is not required. This paper examines the manufacturing process for corner bonding including dispense volume, CSP placement and reflow. Drop test results are then presented. A conventional, capillary process was used for comparison of drop test results. Test results with corner bonding were intermediate between complete capillary underfill and non-underfilled CSPs. Finite element modeling results for the drop test are also included.

The Effect of a Free Drop Impact on the Bolted Joint of the Radioactive Transport Package

2007 ◽  
Vol 345-346 ◽  
pp. 1421-1424
Author(s):  
Dong Hak Kim ◽  
Ki Seong Seo ◽  
Ju Cahn Lee
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Drop Impact ◽  
Drop Test ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Bolted Joint ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Normal Transport ◽  
Ip Transport ◽  
Free Drop

In this study the effect of a free drop impact on the bolted joint of the transport package of radioactive material was studied under various directions. A drop test of a type A or a type IP transport package of radioactive material should be conducted under normal transport conditions. After a drop test the radioactive content of the transport package should not be loss or dispersal. A bolt tension during a drop impact under various directions was measured using a force sensor. And the torque to loosen a bolt was measured after the tests. A bolt tension measured by the tests was compared with the result of a finite element analysis. The effect of the drop direction was examined. The vertical drop directions shows larger bolt tension than horizontal drop. For the torque to loosen a bolt, a horizontal drop condition shows larger value than a vertical drop direction.

LMS and Power Point Physics Lectures

2014 ◽  
Vol 519-520 ◽  
pp. 1605-1608
Author(s):  
Tatyana N. Gnitetskaya ◽  
Elena B. Ivanova ◽  
Cherednychenko Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Learning Management System ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Drop Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Learning Management ◽  
Power Point

There is a big gap between level of multimedia possibilities and level of using multimedia in training physics at the universities. In this paper the advantages and disadvantages of Power Point physics lectures are described. It is noted that one from important advantages is coordination of Power Point with Learning Management System. The examples of writing formulas, drawing graphics in time are presented in this paper. It is described the animated image illustrating the operation of a heat engine with the help of aniline drop. Test results allow us to give in this paper some guidelines on slide design to make information perceiving from the screen easier for students.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Specimen Shape and Loading Conditions on the Parameter Identification of a Viscoelastic Brain Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costin D. Untaroiu
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Identification ◽  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Relaxation Curve ◽  
Uniform Strain ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Material Models ◽  
Fe Simulations ◽  
Specimen Height

The mechanical properties of brain under various loadings have been reported in the literature over the past 50 years. Step-and-hold tests have often been employed to characterize viscoelastic and nonlinear behavior of brain under high-rate shear deformation; however, the identification of brain material parameters is typically performed by neglecting the initial strain ramp and/or by assuming a uniform strain distribution in the brain samples. Using finite element (FE) simulations of shear tests, this study shows that these simplifications have a significant effect on the identified material properties in the case of cylindrical human brain specimens. Material models optimized using only the stress relaxation curve under predict the shear force during the strain ramp, mainly due to lower values of their instantaneous shear moduli. Similarly, material models optimized using an analytical approach, which assumes a uniform strain distribution, under predict peak shear forces in FE simulations. Reducing the specimen height showed to improve the model prediction, but no improvements were observed for cubic samples with heights similar to cylindrical samples. Models optimized using FE simulations show the closest response to the test data, so a FE-based optimization approach is recommended in future parameter identification studies of brain.

Simulation based Sensitivity Study of Tread Pattern and Materials on Cooling Efficiency of M1 Vehicle Tyres

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nithyavathy ◽  
R. Parameshwaran ◽  
K. Suganeswaran ◽  
C. Naveen ◽  
G. Raja
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Drop Test ◽  
Cooling Efficiency ◽  
Test Results ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Drop Tests

Tread wear of tyres is one of the serious issues in automobiles. Higher amount of heat is generated due to lesser availability of air in the tread region when the vehicle is travelling at high speeds. The existing M1 vehicle tyre has some specific standards of tread angle. In this paper, flow simulation and drop tests of M1 vehicle tyre are carried out using Solidworks. The objective of the work is to improve the cooling efficiency of tyre for vehicle speeds as 40 kmph, 80 kmph and 120 kmph. Various tread patterns for tyres made with hard rubber, Nylon66 and Nylon6 materials were simulated to predict the temperature distribution. Based on the temperature distribution and drop test results from the simulation, improved designs of M1 vehicle tyre are presented.

Drop-Impact Reliability of Chip-Scale Packages in Handheld Products

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyun Tian ◽  
Yueli Liu ◽  
Pradeep Lall ◽  
R. Wayne Johnson ◽  
Sanan Abderrahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Drop Test ◽  
Mechanical Shock ◽  
Solder Paste ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
Impact Reliability ◽  
Capillary Underfill

The use of CSPs has expanded rapidly, particularly in portable electronic products. Many CSP designs will meet the thermal cycle or thermal shock requirements for these applications. However, mechanical shock (drop) and bending requirements often necessitate the use of underfills to increase the mechanical strength of the CSP-to-board connection. Capillary flow underfills processed after reflow, provide the most common solution to improving mechanical reliability. However, capillary underfill adds board dehydration, underfill dispense, flow and cure steps and the associated equipment to the assembly process. Corner bonding provides an alternate approach. Dots of underfill are dispensed at the four corners of the CSP site after solder paste print, but before CSP placement. During reflow the underfill cures, providing mechanical coupling between the CSP and the board at the corners of the CSP. Since only small areas of underfill are used, board dehydration is not required. This paper examines the manufacturing process for corner bonding including dispense volume, CSP placement and reflow. Drop test results are then presented. A conventional, capillary process was used for comparison of drop test results. Test results with corner bonding were intermediate between complete capillary underfill and non-underfilled CSPs. Finite element modeling results for the drop test are also included.

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