Guided Wave Resonance Tuning for Pipe Inspection

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Barshinger ◽  
Joseph L. Rose ◽  
Michael J. Avioli
Keyword(s):  
Guided Waves ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Pipe Inspection ◽  
Probe Position ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Single Probe ◽  
Wave Resonance ◽  
Resonance Tuning ◽  
Wave Modes

Tremendous interest has surfaced recently on the use of guided waves in pipe inspection in the oil, chemical, and power generating industries. Relatively long lengths of piping can be inspected for corrosion and cracking from a single probe position. This saves a great deal of time and money compared to using more standard point-by-point normal beam inspection procedures. Pipes can be inspected without removing insulation or tar coatings by controlling the guided wave modes and frequencies used to carry out the study. This paper will review the history and state of the art of the guided wave techniques in piping. Benefits and limitations of the various methods will be pointed out along with a vision of future directions in the area of pipe and elbow inspection.

Guided Wave Resonance Tuning for Pipe Inspection

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Barshinger ◽  
Joseph L. Rose ◽  
Michael J. Avioli,
Keyword(s):  
Guided Waves ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Pipe Inspection ◽  
Probe Position ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Single Probe ◽  
Wave Resonance ◽  
Resonance Tuning ◽  
Wave Modes

Tremendous interest has surfaced recently on the use of guided waves in pipe inspection in the oil, chemical, and power generating industries. Relatively long lengths of piping can be inspected for corrosion and cracking from a single probe position. This saves a great deal of time and money compared to using more standard point-by-point normal beam inspection procedures. Pipes can be inspected without removing insulation or tar coatings by controlling the guided wave modes and frequencies used to carry out the study. This paper will review the history and state of the art of the guided wave techniques in piping. Benefits and limitations of the various methods will be pointed out along with a vision of future directions in the area of pipe inspection.

Guided Wave Focusing Mechanics in Pipe

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Hayashi ◽  
Koichiro Kawashima ◽  
Zongqi Sun ◽  
Joseph L. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Wave Structure ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Pipe Inspection ◽  
Specific Point ◽  
Wave Focusing ◽  
Beam Focusing ◽  
Subsequent Time

Guided waves can be used in pipe inspection over long distances. Presented in this paper is a beam focusing technique to improve the S/N ratio of the reflection from a tiny defect. Focusing is accomplished by using non-axisymmetric waveforms and subsequent time delayed superposition at a specific point in a pipe. A semi-analytical finite element method is used to present wave structure in the pipe. Focusing potential is also studied with various modes and frequencies.

Contribution of Lamb wave modes in the formation of higher order modes cluster (HOMC) guided waves

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110424
Author(s):  
Z Abbasi ◽  
F Honarvar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Wave Packet ◽  
Lamb Wave ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Higher Order Modes ◽  
Wave Modes

In recent years, Higher Order Modes Cluster (HOMC) guided waves have been considered for ultrasonic testing of plates and pipes. HOMC guided waves consist of higher order Lamb wave modes that travel together as a single nondispersive wave packet. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of frequency-thickness value on the contribution of Lamb wave modes in an HOMC guided wave. This is an important issue that has not been thoroughly investigated before. The contribution of each Lamb wave mode in an HOMC guided wave is studied by using a two-dimensional finite element model. The level of contribution of various Lamb wave modes to the wave cluster is verified by using a 2D FFT analysis. The results show that by increasing the frequency-thickness value, the order of contributing modes in the HOMC wave packet increases. The number of modes that comprise a cluster also increases up to a specific frequency-thickness value and then it starts to decrease. Plotting of the cross-sectional displacement patterns along the HOMC guided wave paths confirms the shifting of dominant modes from lower to higher order modes with increase of frequency-thickness value. Experimental measurements conducted on a mild steel plate are used to verify the finite element simulations. The experimental results are found to be in good agreement with simulations and confirm the changes observed in the level of contribution of Lamb wave modes in a wave cluster by changing the frequency-thickness value.

scholarly journals Fatigue crack detection in pipes with multiple mode nonlinear guided waves

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqi Guan ◽  
Ye Lu ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Zhongqing Su
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Harmonic Wave ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fatigue Crack Detection ◽  
Wave Modes

This study elaborates fundamental differences in fatigue crack detection using nonlinear guided waves between plate and pipe structures and provides an effective approach for analysing nonlinearity in pipe structures. For this purpose, guided wave propagation and interaction with microcrack in a pipe structure, which introduced a contact acoustic nonlinearity, was analysed through a finite element analysis in which the material nonlinearity was also included. To validate the simulation results, experimental testing was performed using piezoelectric transducers to generate guided waves in a specimen with a fatigue crack. Both methods revealed that the second harmonic wave generated by the breathing behaviour of the microcrack in a pipe had multiple wave modes, unlike the plate scenario using nonlinear guided waves. Therefore, a proper index which considered all the generated wave modes due to the microcrack was developed to quantify the nonlinearity, facilitating the identification of microscale damage and further assessment of the severity of the damage in pipe structures.

Ultrasonic Guided Wave Testing of Finned Tubing

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen M. Malinowski ◽  
Matthew S. Lindsey ◽  
Jason K. Van Velsor
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Ultrasonic Guided Waves ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Ultrasonic Guided Wave ◽  
Guided Wave Propagation ◽  
Wave Modes

In the past few decades, ultrasonic guided waves have been utilized more frequently Non-Destructive Testing (NDT); most notably, in the qualitative screening of buried piping. However, only a fraction of their potential applications in NDT have been fully realized. This is due, in part, to their complex nature, as well as the high level of expertise required to understand and utilize their propagation characteristics. The mode/frequency combinations that can be generated in a particular structure depend on geometry and material properties and are represented by the so-called dispersion curves. Although extensive research has been done in ultrasonic guided wave propagation in various geometries and materials, the treatment of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in periodic structures has received little attention. In this paper, academic aspects of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in structures with periodicity in the wave vector direction are investigated, with the practical purpose of developing an ultrasonic guided wave based inspection technique for finned tubing. Theoretical, numerical, and experimental methods are employed. The results of this investigation show excellent agreement between theory, numerical modeling, and experimentation; all of which indicate that ultrasonic guided waves will propagate coherently in finned tube only if the proper wave modes and frequencies are selected. It is shown that the frequencies at which propagating wave modes exist can be predicted theoretically and numerically, and depend strongly on the fin geometry. Furthermore, the results show that these propagating wave modes are capable of screening for and identifying the axial location of damage in the tube wall, as well as separation of the fins from the tube wall. The conclusion drawn from these results is that Guided Wave Testing (GWT) is a viable inspection method for screening finned tubing.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation of Excitation of Various Lamb Waves Modes in Thin Plastic Films

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Rymantas Jonas Kazys ◽  
Justina Sestoke ◽  
Egidijus Zukauskas
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Lamb Wave ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducer ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Ultrasonic Guided Waves ◽  
Plastic Films ◽  
Thin Plastic ◽  
Wave Modes

Ultrasonic-guided waves are widely used for the non-destructive testing and material characterization of plates and thin films. In the case of thin plastic polyvinyl chloride (PVC), films up to 3.2 MHz with only two Lamb wave modes, antisymmetrical A0 and symmetrical S0, may propagate. At frequencies lower that 240 kHz, the velocity of the A0 mode becomes slower than the ultrasonic velocity in air which makes excitation and reception of such mode complicated. For excitation of both modes, we propose instead a single air-coupled ultrasonic transducer to use linear air-coupled arrays, which can be electronically readjusted to optimally excite and receive the A0 and S0 guided wave modes. The objective of this article was the numerical investigation of feasibility to excite different types of ultrasonic-guided waves, such as S0 and A0 modes in thin plastic films with the same electronically readjusted linear phased array. Three-dimensional and two-dimensional simulations of A0 and S0 Lamb wave modes using a single ultrasonic transducer and a linear phased array were performed. The obtained results clearly demonstrate feasibility to excite efficiently different guided wave modes in thin plastic films with readjusted phased array.

Guided Wave Focusing Mechanics in Pipe

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Hayashi ◽  
Koichiro Kawashima ◽  
Zongqi Sun ◽  
Joseph L. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Wave Structure ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Pipe Inspection ◽  
Specific Point ◽  
Wave Focusing ◽  
Beam Focusing ◽  
Subsequent Time

Guided waves can be used in pipe inspection over long distances. Presented in this paper is a beam focusing technique to improve the S∕N ratio of the reflection from a tiny defect. Focusing is accomplished by using nonaxisymmetric waveforms and subsequent time delayed superposition at a specific point in a pipe. A semianalytical finite element method is used to present wave structure in the pipe. Focusing potential is also studied with various modes and frequencies.

scholarly journals Mode Selection Model for Rail Crack Detection Based on Ultrasonic Guided Waves

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Bo Xing ◽  
Zujun Yu ◽  
Xining Xu ◽  
Liqiang Zhu ◽  
Hongmei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Crack Detection ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Mode Selection ◽  
Wave Mode ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Selection Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Detection Mode ◽  
Modal Vibration ◽  
Wave Modes

The cross-sectional geometry of a rail is complex, and numerous guided wave modes can be propagated in rails. In order to select a mode which is the most suitable for detecting a specific crack on a rail, a mathematical model of guided wave mode selection is constructed. The model is composed of a modal vibration factor and a modal orthogonal factor. By setting a reasonable vibration coefficient and orthogonal coefficient, the mode with the highest sensitivity to cracks is selected for crack detection. Taking a vertical crack on the rail bottom as an example, mode 1 at a frequency of 60 kHz is selected as the most suitable detection mode. At the same time, mode 7 and mode 11 are selected as comparative modes, and these three modes are simulated to detect rail cracks. Among them, mode 1 is the best, which verifies the correctness of the mode selection model. In addition, vertical cracks are manufactured artificially on the side of the rail bottom. The cracks are successfully detected by mode 1, and the positioning error is 0.07 m. After correction, the error is reduced to 0.02 m. The model can effectively select guided wave modes suitable for detecting arbitrary cracks on rails, which provides a theoretical solution for rail crack detection.

scholarly journals Multimode Guided Wave Detection for Various Composite Damage Types

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanfei Mei ◽  
Robin James ◽  
Mohammad Faisal Haider ◽  
Victor Giurgiutiu
Keyword(s):  
Composite Plate ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Wave Detection ◽  
Composite Damage ◽  
Cfrp Composite ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Damage Types ◽  
Wave Modes

This paper presents a new methodology for detecting various types of composite damage, such as delamination and impact damage, through the application of multimode guided waves. The basic idea is that various wave modes have different interactions with various types of composite damage. Using this method, selective excitations of pure-mode guided waves were achieved using adjustable angle beam transducers (ABTs). The tuning angles of various wave modes were calculated using Snell’s law applied to the theoretical dispersion curves of composite plates. Pitch–catch experiments were conducted on a 2-mm quasi-isotropic carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite plate to validate the excitations of pure fundamental symmetric mode (S0) and shear horizontal mode (SH0). The generated pure S0 mode and SH0 mode were used to detect and separate the simulated delamination and actual impact damage. It was observed that S0 mode was only sensitive to the impact damage, while SH0 mode was sensitive to both simulated delamination and impact damage. The use of pure S0 and SH0 modes allowed for damage separation. In addition, the proposed method was applied to a 3-mm-thick quasi-isotropic CFRP composite plate using multimode guided wave detection to distinguish between delamination and impact damage. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method has a good capability to detect and separate various damage types in composite structures.

Time-lapse acoustic monitoring of deteriorating pipes

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1995-2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouko Vogelaar ◽  
Giel Priems ◽  
Kees Bourgonje ◽  
Michael Golombok
Keyword(s):  
Guided Waves ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Internal Wall ◽  
Baseline Subtraction ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pipe Section ◽  
Time Trace ◽  
Service Degradation

In-service degradation of a pipe section is monitored in real time with torsional guided waves which can resolve 5% damage to the internal wall. We use a single permanently installed source–receiver pair as opposed to the current state-of-the-art sensor rings. There is no baseline subtraction requirement as a single reflection coefficient is derived by internal referencing of the time trace. Even with continuously operating pump vibration, there is enough acoustic signal for confident damage localization. Since pipelines wear out gradually in industrial installations, the acoustic footprint is similar to that previously determined in periodically damaged pipes. The reflective method can thus be applied successfully to monitor structural health in industrial pipelines during operation as opposed to the current state-of-the-art guided wave inspection approaches using near-weld reflection techniques along with disassembled and re-assembled sensor rings.

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