Abrasive-Waterjet Drilling of High Temperature Jet Engine Parts

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hashish
Keyword(s):  
Small Diameter ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Drop Shape ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Additional Processing ◽  
Drilling Time

An experimental investigation was performed to demonstrate the AWJ process capability for precision drilling of small diameter cooling holes in TBC-coated samples and full scale parts used in jet engines. All holes were drilled from the TBC side. Both qualitative and quantitative hole results issues were addressed. These include chipping of TBC, gouging inside the hole at the ceramic-metal interface, feathering at the exit side of the hole, tear drop shape, hole size and its consistency, overall drilling time, and potential systems productivity. It was observed that the AWJ produces high quality holes free from chipping or gouging. However, feathering may occur depending primarily on whether the substrate material is cast or rolled and can be substantially reduced or eliminated by adjusting the drilling parameters. It was also demonstrated that holes of about 0.025-ich can be drilled at 30 with less than 0.001-inch standard deviation. Air flow measurement results have also confirmed that less than 6% variation can be obtained from one set of holes (270 holes) to another. Drilling times below 10 seconds hole to hole were observed for drilling 0.060-inch thick metal substrates with 0.020-inch thick TBC thickness at 30 degrees. This time can be reduced to 3–4 seconds with improved systems. Although AWJ is still slower than laser, produced holes are of superior quality and do not need any additional processing. Future research efforts will focus on improving the drilling time.

Quantification of major and trace elements contained in aircraft JET A-1 fuel by in-vacuum PIXE analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1950016
Author(s):  
Katsumi Saitoh ◽  
Akihiro Fushimi ◽  
Nobuyuki Takegawa ◽  
Koichiro Sera
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Exhaust Particles

To characterize the chemical composition of aircraft exhaust particles, we developed a treatment method of jet fuel for an elemental analysis by an in-vacuum PIXE system. Eleven elements (Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) were identified from each sample. The concentrations of S from five JET A-1 fuel samples collected on different days ranged from 30.4 to 440 wt.-ppm. The concentration level of S agreed well with the measurement results obtained by an in-air PIXE analysis, which we have previously performed to determine the major content elements and their concentration levels. Nine elements out of the identified 11 elements (Si, Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb), which were not detected by the in-air PIXE analysis, were detected in all the JET A-1 fuel samples measured. Among these elements, Si, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb were found to be the major components. It is suggested that particles emitted from aircraft jet engines, which are generally in the size range smaller than 100 nm (ultrafine particles: UFPs), may contain Si, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb. These findings provide useful insights into the source apportionment of UFPs in and around airports.

scholarly journals The laboratory test rig with miniature jet engine to research aviation fuels combustion process

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Gawron ◽  
Tomasz Białecki
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Main Components

Abstract This article presents laboratory test rig with a miniature turbojet engine (MiniJETRig – Miniature Jet Engine Test Rig), that was built in the Air Force Institute of Technology. The test rig has been developed for research and development works aimed at modelling and investigating processes and phenomena occurring in full scale jet engines. In the article construction of a test rig is described, with a brief discussion on the functionality of each of its main components. Additionally examples of measurement results obtained during the realization of the initial tests have been included, presenting the capabilities of the test rig.

Design of Intelligent Resistivity Measurement System

2014 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 204-207
Author(s):  
Shu Fen Qi ◽  
Kun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Resistivity Measurement ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Single Chip Microcomputer ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Real Time Measurement ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Reliable Basis

Accurate measurement of the drilling mud resistivity is very important to analysis of drilling parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to produce an accurate measurement system. The resistivity measurement system which is introduced in this paper adopts STM8s single chip microcomputer as the control center. It sends control commands via I2C technology and completes the measurement of resistivity using AD5933. Then data is sent to the MCU. When the MCU deals with the data, LCD screen displays measurement results. The system has so many advantages: low power, portable, real-time measurement etc. It provides a reliable basis for analyzing the parameters of drilling.

scholarly journals Comparison of tree diameter distributions in managed and unmanaged Kazdağı fir forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Ferhat Kara
Keyword(s):  
Small Diameter ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Diameter Structure ◽  
Unmanaged Forest

Forest structural complexity affects tree growth, species diversity, understory seedling density, wildlife habitat and fire behaviour. Thus, defining the structural complexity of forest ecosystems would play a crucial role in their management. The vertical structure in stands of shade-tolerant tree species can be described by using the distribution of tree diameters. In this study, the main objective was to determine and compare the diameter distribution patterns of managed and unmanaged Kazdağı fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani) forests in northern Turkey. Hierarchical clustering analysis was used to define the diameter distribution patterns. Three main diameter distribution patterns were examined in both managed and unmanaged forests. Two of the patterns in the managed forest did not possess the expected diameter structure of selection silviculture (i.e. reverse J-shape). The observed patterns in the unmanaged forest were mostly representative of the diameter structure of old-growth forests. Given the initial findings, it is likely that the small-scale disturbances created by selection methods may not be adequate to establish and recruit sufficient number of trees into small- diameter sizes in Kazdağı fir forests. The assessment of patterns of tree diameter distribution in these forests would create a basis for future research, aiming to enhance the structural complexity.

Precision Drilling of Ceramic-Coated Components With Abrasive-Waterjets

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hashish ◽  
J. Whalen
Keyword(s):  
Small Diameter ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Hole Quality ◽  
Barrier Coating ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Abrasive Waterjets ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

This paper addresses an experimental investigation on the feasibility of using abrasive-waterjets (AWJs) for the precision drilling of small-diameter holes in advanced aircraft engine components. These components are sprayed with ceramic thermal barrier coating (TBC), and the required holes are typically 0.025 in. in diameter with a drilling angle of 25 deg. The parameters of the AWJ were varied to study their effects on both quantitative and qualitative hole drilling parameters. The unique techniques of assisting the abrasive feed process, ramping the waterjet pressure during drilling, and varying the jet dwell time after piercing were effectively implemented to control hole quality and size. The results of the experiments indicate the accuracy and repeatability of the AWJ technique in meeting the air flow and hole size requirements. Production parts were drilled for prototype engine testing.

Fabrication of W-1%ThO2 Reinforced Fe-25Cr-8Al-0.5Y Superalloy Matrix Composite

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
W. Armstrong ◽  
M. Ramulu ◽  
M. Taya
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Thermal Spray Coating ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Fiber Aspect Ratio ◽  
Metallurgical Processing ◽  
Hybrid Reinforcement ◽  
Reinforcing Fiber

Four different aligned W-1%ThO2 reinforced Fe-25Cr-8Al-0.5Y matrix fiber reinforced superalloy [FRS] material billets were produced by powder metallurgical processing. Three materials differed only in reinforcing fiber aspect ratio, while one material included a small diameter, misoriented Al2O3 hybrid reinforcement. Tensile and thermal cycling specimens were fabricated from the composite billets by using abrasive waterjet and turning processes. Finally the specimens were protected from high temperature oxidation by a FeCrAlY thermal spray coating. Metallurgical and mechanical properties were evaluated and discussed.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Debarking Small-Diameter Stems in the Wood Products Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-378
Author(s):  
Azadwinder Singh Chahal ◽  
Jaya Tripathi ◽  
Daniel Ciolkosz ◽  
Sarah Wurzbacher ◽  
Michael Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Small Diameter ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Small Dimension ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
Secondary Markets ◽  
Dimension Lumber ◽  
The Status ◽  
Additional Processing

Abstract Sufficiently valuing small-diameter-stem (diameter < 9 in.) woody material in Pennsylvania forest product markets may incentivize increased utilization of that material, a resource opportunity that would provide economic and ecological benefits to the state's forests and forest products community. Debarking is one primary process that could enhance the value of these small-diameter-stem materials for secondary markets. The wood products community in Pennsylvania was surveyed as to their perceptions of the status and value of economical small-diameter-stem debarking. The largest perceived current market for debarked, small-diameter-stem material identified by respondents is for chips for pulp and paper, and anticipated future demand is expected to be highest for chips for pulp and paper, chips for energy, and small-dimension lumber. Respondents who currently supply a given market tend to be more optimistic about that market than respondents who do not serve that particular market. Shredded wood/hog fuel and mulch are the two markets with the lowest overall scores for anticipated benefit of additional processing by debarking. Seventy-six percent of all respondents indicated that economical small-diameter-stem debarking would benefit their operation.

scholarly journals Selection of Suitable Drilling Parameters for obtaining high Rate of Penetration in Majnoon Oilfield

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Majid M. Majeed ◽  
Ayad A. Alhaleem
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Rate Of Penetration ◽  
Technical Paper ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Weight On Bit ◽  
Drilling Time ◽  
Selection Of

Several directional wells have been drilled in Majnoon oilfield at wide variation in drilling time due to different drilling parameters applied for each well. This technical paper shows the importance of proper selection of the bit, Mud type, applied weight on Bit (WOB), Revolution per minute (RPM), and flow rate based on the previous wells drilled. Utilizing the data during drilling each section for directional wells that's significantly could improve drilling efficiency presented at a high rate of penetration (ROP). Based on the extensive study of three directional wells of 35 degree inclination (MJ-51, MJ-52, and MJ-54) found that the applied drilling parameters for MJ-54 and the bit type within associated drilling parameters to drill 36", 24", 16" and 12 1/4" hole sections is the best, although the drilling parameters in 8 1/2" hole section for MJ-51 and selected bit type are the best for future wells.

Review on Machining Aspects in Metal Matrix and Ceramic Matrix Composites Using Abrasive Waterjet

2015 ◽  
Vol 766-767 ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mohankumar ◽  
Mani Kanthababu ◽  
R. Raveendran
Keyword(s):  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Abrasive Particles

Abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM) is one of the non-traditional machining processes used for machining hard and difficult materials including metal matrix composites (MMCs) and ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). MMCs and CMCs are widely used in the industries such as automobile, aerospace, defense, etc. In AWJM, the material is removed by a narrow stream of high pressure water along with abrasive particles. This work, reviews the research work carried out on the machining aspects of MMCs and CMCs using AJWM. Most of the research work in MMCs is carried out on aluminum based matrix reinforced with ceramics such as silicon carbide (SiC) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) in various proportions. In the case of CMCs, the research work mostly are carried out on alumina (Al2O3) based work specimen. Generally, it is observed that the reinforcement particles in the MMCs and CMCs greatly influence the output process parameters like depth of the cut, material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra), kerf width, etc. From the literature review, it is observed that the increase in volume percentage of reinforced abrasive particles results in decreased MRR, decreased in the depth of cut and increase in the Ra. This work also covers the future research work in the machining aspects of MMCs and CMCs.

Experimental Research on Small-Diameter Deep-Hole Drilling of Austenite Stainless Steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 874 ◽  
pp. 481-486
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Kodama ◽  
Koichi Okuda ◽  
Toshiya Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Deep Hole ◽  
Austenite Stainless Steel ◽  
Drilling Time

Experiments were conducted with the main objective of improving the precision of drilling small-diameter, deep holes in austenite stainless steel (JIS SUS304). In the experiments, the step feed amount, rotation speed, and feed rate were varied and the thrust force and cutting temperature were measured to investigate the effect of cutting conditions on hole properties in drilling small-diameter deep holes. The results show that a combination of step feed amount and feed rate can reduce thrust force and drilling time, and that making the step feed small can suppress the cutting temperature.

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