Defect Localization for Pressure Vessel Based on Circumferential Guided Waves: An Experimental Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangmiao Zhai ◽  
Chaofeng Chen ◽  
Gangyi Hu ◽  
Shaoping Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Propagation Characteristics ◽  
Dense Array ◽  
Imaging Algorithm ◽  
Sparse Array ◽  
Damage Imaging

Pressure vessels are normally employed under extreme environments with high temperature and high pressure. Inevitably, the defects like crack and corrosion that easily occur in the equipment and can significantly influence the normal operation. Guided wave-based method is a cost-effective means to measure the utility of pressure vessel. In this paper, finite element (FE) simulation is used to explore the propagation characteristics of circumferential guided waves in pressure vessel. Based on the propagation characteristics, the experiments with different configurations of piezoelectric transducers (PETs), which contain a sparse array and a dense array, have been conducted on pressure vessel respectively. Different imaging methods, including discrete ellipse imaging algorithm and probability damage imaging algorithm have been applied to locate the defect based on the configurations above. Furthermore, a multi-channel ultrasonic guided wave detection system has been set up for pressure vessel inspection. The experimental results show that the sparse array with the discrete ellipse imaging algorithm can locate the defect effectively. The imaging results based on probability damage imaging algorithm show that the dense array presents the better localization result.

Damage Localization in Pressure Vessel by Guided Waves Based on Convolution Neural Network Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaojie Hu ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Jianjun Yan ◽  
Yanxun Xiang ◽  
Shaoping Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Damage Localization ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Neural Network Approach ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Fully Connected

Abstract This paper investigates the damage localization in a pressure vessel using guided wave-based structural health monitoring (SHM) technology. An online SHM system was developed to automatically select the guided wave propagating path and collect the generated signals during the monitoring process. Deep learning approach was employed to train the convolutional neural network (CNN) model by the guided wave datasets. Two piezo-electric ceramic transducers (PZT) arrays were designed to verify the anti-interference ability and robustness of the CNN model. Results indicate that the CNN model with seven convolution layers, three pooling layers, one fully connected layer, and one Softmax layer could locate the damage with 100% accuracy rate without overfitting. This method has good anti-interference ability in vibration or PZTs failure condition, and the anti-interference ability increases with increasing of PZT numbers. The trained CNN model can locate damage with high accuracy, and it has great potential to be applied in damage localization of pressure vessels.

Propagation of Guided Waves in Pressure Vessel and its Application for Damage Detection

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuewei Sun ◽  
Fucai Li ◽  
Jinfu Wang ◽  
Guang Meng ◽  
Limin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Monitoring Technique

Pressure vessel is a kind of special equipment with explosion and leakage dangerous. Therefore, structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques for pressure vessel should ensure the safe operation of this kind of equipments and is becoming more crucial in petroleum, chemical, and relative industries. Guided wave-based structural health monitoring technique can be an appropriate method for real-time and online non-destructive damage monitoring technique. In recent years, applications of guided wave-based structural health monitoring techniques are mainly limited in simple structures, such as plates and tubes. Relatively few research papers focused on the application of this technique in large and complex structures like pressure vessels. Propagation characteristics of guided waves in pressure vessel are investigated in this study. Dispersion curves calculated by using numerical methods for longitudinal, circumferential, and torsional modes are presented. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of the guided waves dispersion and experimental waveforms, the parameters of the excitation wave are therefore optimized. In order to overcome the difficulties to identify the damage characteristics of signal, the layout scheme of sensor network is designed and optimized in this paper to simplify the waveform. Furthermore, both finite element analysis (FEA) and experiment methods are employed to investigate the propagation of elastic guided waves in a standard pressure vessel.

scholarly journals Effects of Concrete on Propagation Characteristics of Guided Wave in Steel Bar Embedded in Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhupeng Zheng ◽  
Ying Lei
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Propagation Characteristics ◽  
Civil Infrastructures ◽  
Steel Bar ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Member ◽  
Steel Bars

Techniques based on ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs) play important roles in the structural health monitoring (SHM) of large-scale civil infrastructures. In this paper, dispersion equations of longitudinal wave propagation in reinforced concrete member are investigated for the purpose of monitoring steels embedded in concrete. For a steel bar embedded in concrete, not the velocity but the attenuation dispersion curves will be affected by the concrete. The effects of steel-to-concrete shear modulus ratio, density ratio, and Poisson’s ratio on propagation characteristics of guided wave in steel bar embedded in concrete were studied by the analysis of the real and imaginary parts of the wave number. The attenuation characteristics of guided waves of steel bar in different conditions including different bar concrete constraint and different diameter of steel bar are also analyzed. Studies of the influence of concrete on propagation characteristics of guided wave in steel bars embedded in concrete will increase the accuracy in judging the structure integrity and promote the level of defect detection for the steel bars embedded in concrete.

A Study on Defect Tomographic Imaging in Pressure Vessel With Liquid Medium

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gangyi Hu ◽  
Chaofeng Chen ◽  
Shaoping Zhou ◽  
Shuangmiao Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithm ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Guided Wave Propagation ◽  
Financial Consequences ◽  
Tomography Method

Abstract Pressure vessels are widely utilized in many areas of industrial production and daily life for medium storage, which causes performance degradation in pressure vessels, such as crack and corrosion, and lead to serious safety and financial consequences. Reconstruction Algorithm for the Probabilistic Inspection of Damage (RAPID) is a kind of guided wave-based tomography method which is suitable to evaluate structure integrity of pressure vessels. In this article, the effect of liquid level on guided wave propagation and imaging results of RAPID algorithm is investigated, and an optimal baseline matching method based on amplitude variance is proposed to improve the imaging accuracy of RAPID algorithm with liquid-contained condition. The attenuation effect of liquid on guided wave amplitude is investigated. The damage signals are matched with baseline signals recorded at different liquid levels, and the effect of liquid on RAPID algorithm is discussed based on the results. The experiment of image reconstruction for pressure vessel using the optimal baseline matching method based RAPID algorithm is conducted as well. The experimental results show that the optimal baseline matching method can effectively select the best baseline signal, and the reconstructed images can accurately locate the defects on pressure vessels with considering the change of liquid level.

scholarly journals Improving accuracy through density correction in guided wave tomography

2016 ◽  
Vol 472 (2186) ◽  
pp. 20150832 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Huthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Guided Waves ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Wave Tomography ◽  
Wall Loss ◽  
Improving Accuracy ◽  
The Waves

The accurate quantification of wall loss caused by corrosion is critical to the reliable life estimation of pipes and pressure vessels. Traditional thickness gauging by scanning a probe is slow and requires access to all points on the surface; this is impractical in many cases as corrosion often occurs where access is restricted, such as beneath supports where water collects. Guided wave tomography presents a solution to this; by transmitting guided waves through the region of interest and exploiting their dispersive nature, it is possible to build up a map of thickness. While the best results have been seen when using the fundamental modes A0 and S0 at low frequency, the complex scattering of the waves causes errors within the reconstruction. It is demonstrated that these lead to an underestimate in wall loss for A0 but an overestimate for S0. Further analysis showed that this error was related to density variation, which was proportional to thickness. It was demonstrated how this could be corrected for in the reconstructions, in many cases resulting in the near-elimination of the error across a range of defects, and greatly improving the accuracy of life estimates from guided wave tomography.

Damage imaging in skin-stringer composite aircraft panel by ultrasonic-guided waves using deep learning with convolutional neural network

2021 ◽  
pp. 147592172110239
Author(s):  
Ranting Cui ◽  
Guillermo Azuara ◽  
Francesco Lanza di Scalea ◽  
Eduardo Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Composite Panel ◽  
Damage Imaging

The detection and localization of structural damage in a stiffened skin-to-stringer composite panel typical of modern aircraft construction can be addressed by ultrasonic-guided wave transducer arrays. However, the geometrical and material complexities of this part make it quite difficult to utilize physics-based concepts of wave scattering. A data-driven deep learning (DL) approach based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) is used instead for this application. The DL technique automatically selects the most sensitive wave features based on the learned training data. In addition, the generalization abilities of the network allow for detection of damage that can be different from the training scenarios. This article describes a specific 1D-CNN algorithm that has been designed for this application, and it demonstrates its ability to image damage in key regions of the stiffened composite test panel, particularly the skin region, the stringer’s flange region, and the stringer’s cap region. Covering the stringer’s regions from guided wave transducers located solely on the skin is a particularly attractive feature of the proposed SHM approach for this kind of complex structure.

Novel Defect Location Method for Pressure Vessel by Using L (0, 2) Mode Guided Wave

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangmiao Zhai ◽  
Shaoping Zhou ◽  
Shaojie Chen ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Yong Li
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Sensor Arrays ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Direct Wave

Pressure vessel plays an increasingly important role in process industries, in which its performance degradation, such as crack and corrosion, may lead to serious accidents and significant economic losses. Guided wave-based method is a cost-effective means for pressure vessel rapid interrogation. In this paper, the method based on direct-wave and fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm (FCM) is proposed to locate defect for pressure vessel. Finite element (FE) simulation is applied to analyze the propagation characteristics of guided waves. The experiment using the method based on direct-wave and FCM has been conducted on the barrel and head with different sensor arrays, respectively. The variation rule of the direct-wave difference with different distance coefficients has been studied. By combining FCM with the direct-wave difference, the defects on barrel and head can be detected accurately. The defect inspection experiment for pressure vessel using ellipse imaging algorithm is conducted as well. The experimental results show that the method based on direct-wave and FCM can locate the defects on barrel and head of the pressure vessel effectively and accurately.

scholarly journals Elastic Guided Waves in a Pre-Stressed Compressible Layer Imbedded in a Pre-Stressed Two-Material Structure

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Sotiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Equation ◽  
Explicit Form ◽  
Half Space ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Secular Equation ◽  
Standing Waves ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Propagation Characteristics ◽  
Stress Parameters

Abstract Elastic guided waves in a pre-stressed compressible layer imbedded in a pre-stressed two-material structure are examined. The waves propagate parallel to the planar layer interfaces as a superposed dynamic stress state on the statically pre-stressed layer. The stress condition in the layer and in the surrounding materials is arbitrary as are their strain energy functions. To gain understanding of the propagation characteristics, the mathematically tractable model of the materials having common principal axes of strain, one of which is perpendicular to the layering, is employed. The dispersion equation is derived in explicit form yielding guided wave phase and group speeds in terms of wavelength, stress and elastic parameters, and mass densities of the three materials. Limiting cases of the above dispersion equation give the dispersion equation of guided waves in a pre-stressed surface layer overlying a pre-stressed half space, the secular equation of interfacial waves in two semi-infinite pre-stressed materials, the secular equation of non-dispersive Rayleigh surface waves in a half-space, and the frequency equation of guided elastic waves in a pre-stressed compressible plate. Analysis of the dispersion equation reveals the propagation characteristics and their dependence on material and stress parameters. For small interlayer thickness the phase and group speeds are obtained in explicit form. This yields parameter conditions under which the structure acts as a mechanical filter to guided wave propagation. For arbitrary layer thickness, material parameter combinations are also found for which propagation cannot occur. Special attention is paid to the possible existence of interfacial standing waves as a limiting solution of the dispersion equation. Regions of material and stress parameters are defined in which standing waves exist. Numerical computations complement the analytical results for several classes of materials.

Acoustic emission propagation characteristics in plate structure with various materials, cracks and coating metal

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (11) ◽  
pp. 2080-2088
Author(s):  
Kuanfang He ◽  
Zhi Tan ◽  
Yong Cheng ◽  
Xuejun Li
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Propagation Characteristic ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Propagation Characteristics ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Plate Structure ◽  
Element Method

The propagation characteristic of guided waves is important to acoustic emission nondestructive detection for the structural integrity of engineering components. The finite element method is introduced to study the propagation of guided waves in plate structure with different materials, cracks and coating metal. The displacement contours and wave curve at different receiving positions are examined first for the propagation characteristics of guided waves in plate structure with different homogeneous material of steel 45 and GCr15. Next, the interface reflection, refraction and diffraction characteristics of guided waves in plate structure with cracks and steel 45 with coating metal of aluminium 2024 are investigated. Finally, these FE results are compared with the mechanical pencil lead fracture experiment results. The results of this study clearly illustrate the accuracy and reasonableness of the finite element method to predict propagation characteristic of guided wave.

Application of Negligible Creep Criteria to Candidate Materials for HTGR Pressure Vessels

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Jetter ◽  
T.-L. Sham ◽  
R. W. Swindeman
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Reactor Pressure Vessel ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Allowable Stress ◽  
Regulatory Review ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Reactor Pressure

Two of the proposed high temperature gas reactors (HTGRs) under consideration for a demonstration plant have the design object of avoiding creep effects in the reactor pressure vessel during normal operation. This work addresses the criteria for negligible creep in subsection NH, Division 1 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Sec. III, other international design codes, and some currently suggested criteria modifications and their impact on permissible operating temperatures for various reactor pressure vessel materials. The goal of negligible creep could have different interpretations depending on what failure modes are considered and associated criteria for avoiding the effects of creep. It is shown that for the materials of this study, consideration of localized damage due to cycling of peak stresses results in a lower temperature for negligible creep than consideration of the temperature at which the allowable stress is governed by the creep properties. In assessing the effect of localized cyclic stresses, it is also shown that consideration of cyclic softening is an important effect that results in a higher estimated temperature for the onset of significant creep effects than would be the case if the material were cyclically hardening. There are other considerations for the selection of vessel material besides avoiding creep effects. Of interest for this review are (1) the material’s allowable stress level and impact on the wall thickness (the goal being to minimize the required wall thickness) and (2) ASME code approval (inclusion as a permitted material in the relevant section and subsection of interest) to expedite regulatory review and approval. The application of negligible creep criteria to two of the candidate materials, SA533 and Mod 9Cr–1Mo (also referred to as Grade 91), and to a potential alternate, normalized and tempered 214 Cr–1Mo, is illustrated, and the relative advantages and disadvantages of the materials are discussed.

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