Design of Piping Systems for Accidental Explosion and Fire Events

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Necip Onder Akinci ◽  
James Loudoun ◽  
Krishna Parvathaneni ◽  
Hyun-Su Kim
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Design Basis ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Critical Portion ◽  
Allowable Stress Design

Abstract Piping systems constitute the most critical portion of process plants. Proper blast and fire design of critical piping systems improve safety and resiliency. Design of piping and pipe supports are typically governed by operating and abnormal load conditions depending on the design basis. Well established analysis and design methodologies as per the applicable ASME codes ensure performance of piping systems against load cases such as internal pressure, thermal expansion, self-weight, wind, seismic and vibration. Pipe stress analysis using code based linear elastic analysis methods allow design for these types of conventional load cases in a practical way. However, beyond design basis load cases from hydrocarbon accidents including explosion and fires can pose additional challenges. Limitations of conventional design tools against demands due to extreme events require use of more advanced techniques. This study presents a practical approach for assessment and design of piping systems for hydrocarbon accident events. Performance based failure criteria for piping systems has been shown to reduce the conservatism compared to allowable stress design for extreme events. Examples from major projects and case studies are also presented to demonstrate the technical approach. Consideration of a holistic approach accounting for interaction of piping and its support structure plays a key role in improving the design process.

Seismic Assessment of Petrochemical Piping Systems Using a Performance-Based Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oreste S. Bursi ◽  
Fabrizio Paolacci ◽  
Md Shahin Reza ◽  
Silvia Alessandri ◽  
Nicola Tondini
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Actual Application ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Allowable Stress Design

The need of enhanced seismic analysis and design rules for petrochemical piping systems is widely recognized, where the allowable stress design method is still the customary practice. This paper presents an up-to-date performance-based seismic analysis (PBSA) of piping systems. The concept of performance-based analysis is introduced and a link between limit states and earthquake levels is proposed, exemplifying international code prescriptions. A brief review on seismic design criteria of piping systems is then provided by identifying the main critical issues. Finally, the actual application of the performance-based approach is illustrated through nonlinear seismic analyses of two realistic petrochemical piping systems.

Finite element analysis and design optimization of a non-circular sandwich composite deep submarine pressure hull

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1025-1032
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Helal ◽  
Elsayed Fathallah
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Sandwich Composite ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Diving Depth ◽  
Ansys Parametric Design Language

Abstract Diving depth is the criteria for designing the submarine pressure hull meant to achieve a definite collapse depth. In this study, a methodology to optimize a sandwich composite deep pressure hull is presented. Buoyancy factor (BF) minimization is considered as an objective function. The optimization process is achieved by ANSYS parametric design language (APDL). Composites failure criteria and structural stability are considered as constraints. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted to analyze the effects of geometric parameters on optimal structural design. The results showed that, the utilization of a sandwich composite pressure hull for a deep submarine at extreme depths is not safe. Additionally, the results propose that the submarine designed should be able to operate at a maximum diving depth of up to 7500 m.

Main Issues on the Seismic Design of Industrial Piping Systems and Components

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Paolacci ◽  
Md. Shahin Reza ◽  
Oreste S. Bursi ◽  
Arnold M. Gresnigt ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Bolted Flange

A significant number of damages in piping systems and components during recent seismic events have been reported in literature which calls for a proper seismic design of these structures. Nevertheless, there exists an inadequacy of proper seismic analysis and design rules for a piping system and its components. Current seismic design Codes are found to be over conservative and some components, e.g., bolted flange joints, do not have guidelines for their seismic design. Along this line, this paper discusses about the main issues on the seismic analysis and design of industrial piping systems and components. Initially, seismic analysis and component design of refinery piping systems are described. A review of current design approaches suggested by European (EN13480:3) and American (ASME B31.3) Codes is performed through a Case Study on a piping system. Some limits of available Codes are identified and a number of critical aspects of the problem e.g., dynamic interaction between pipes and rack, correct definition of the response factor and strain versus stress approach, are illustrated. Finally, seismic performance of bolted flange joints based on the results of experimental investigations carried out by the University of Trento, Italy, will be discussed.

A Study of Axial Compression in the ASME B&PV Code for Pipe Supports and Restraints

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip E. Wiseman ◽  
Zara Z. Hoch
Keyword(s):  
Axial Compression ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Elastic Buckling ◽  
Allowable Stress ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
American Society ◽  
Allowable Stress Design

Axial compression allowable stress for pipe supports and restraints based on linear elastic analysis is detailed in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Division 1, Subsection NF. The axial compression design by analysis equations within NF-3300 are replicated from the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) using the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) Method which were first published in the ASME Code in 1973. Although the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code is an international code, these equations are not familiar to many users outside the American Industry. For those unfamiliar with the allowable stress equations, the equations do not simply address the elastic buckling of a support or restraint which may occur when the slenderness ratio of the pipe support or restraint is relatively large, however, the allowable stress equations address each aspect of stability which encompasses the phenomena of elastic buckling and yielding of a pipe support or restraint. As a result, discussion of the axial compression allowable stresses provides much insight of how the equations have evolved over the last forty years and how they could be refined.

Gaseous Deflagration in Piping: Part 1 — Experimental Observations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Ligon ◽  
David J. Gross ◽  
John C. Minichiello
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Flame Acceleration ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Short Test ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Measured Pressure

The focus of this paper is on gaseous deflagration in piping systems and the corresponding implications on piping analysis and design. Unlike stable detonations that propagate at a constant speed and whose pressure-time histories can in some cases be predicted analytically, deflagration flame speeds and pressure-time histories are transient and depend on both the gas mixture and geometry of the pipe. This paper presents pressure and pipe strain data from gaseous deflagration experiments in long and short test apparatuses fabricated from either 2-inch or 4-inch diameter pipes. These data are used to demonstrate a spectrum of measured pressure-time histories and corresponding pipe response. It is concluded that deflagrations can be categorized as either “high” or “slow” speed with respect to pipe response. Slow deflagrations can be treated as quasi-static pressurizations, but high speed deflagrations can generate shock waves that dynamically excite the pipe. The existence of a transition from quasi-static to dynamic response has ramifications in regards to piping structural analysis and design, and a method for predicting the expected deflagration structural response using a semi-empirical flame acceleration model is proposed.

Performance-Based Analysis of Coupled Support Structures and Piping Systems Subject to Seismic Loading

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oreste S. Bursi ◽  
Fabrizio Paolacci ◽  
Md Shahin Reza
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Support Structures ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Allowable Stress Design

The prevailing lack of proper and uniform seismic design guidelines for piping systems impels designers to follow standards conceived for other structures, such as buildings. The modern performance-based design approach is yet to be widely adopted for piping systems, while the allowable stress design method is still the customary practice. This paper presents a performance-based seismic analysis of petrochemical piping systems coupled with support structures through a case study. We start with a concept of performance-based analysis, followed by establishing a link between limit states and earthquake levels, exemplifying Eurocode and Italian prescriptions. A brief critical review on seismic design criteria of piping, including interactions between piping and support, is offered thereafter. Finally, to illustrate actual applications of the performance-based analysis, non-linear analyses on a realistic petrochemical piping system is performed to assess its seismic performance.

Validation of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics in Predicting the Fracture Toughness of Polyethylene Pipe Materials

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek M. A. A. El-Bagory ◽  
Hossam E. M. Sallam ◽  
Maher Y. A. Younan
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Crosshead Speed ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Elastic Fracture ◽  
Point Bend

The main purpose of the present paper is to compare between the fracture toughness based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (GIC), and that based on nonlinear fracture mechanics (JIC). The material of the investigated pipe is a high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which is commonly used in natural gas piping systems. The welds at the pipe junction are produced by butt-fusion (BF), welding. Curved three-point bend (CTPB), fracture specimens are used. The crosshead speed ranged from 5 to 500 mm/min and specimen thickness ranged from 9 to 45mm for both welded and unwelded specimens at room temperature Ta, equal 23°C. The study reveals that the crosshead speed has a significant effect on the fracture toughness of both welded and unwelded specimens. The results of GIC for different specimen thickness and crosshead speed found previously by the authors [1] have been compared with JIC under the same operating conditions [2]. The comparison between welded and unwelded specimens revealed that in the welded specimens there is a marginal difference between fracture toughness measured using linear elastic fracture mechanics LEFM and elastic plastic fracture mechanics EPFM, for both crosshead speeds.

Revisiting the Problem of Debond Initiation at Fibre-Matrix Interface under Transversal Biaxial Loads - A Comparison of Several Non-Classical Fracture Mechanics Approaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 713 ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Távara ◽  
I.G. García ◽  
Roman Vodička ◽  
C.G. Panagiotopoulos ◽  
Vladislav Mantič
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Cohesive Zone Model ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Transverse Load ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Interface Model ◽  
Matrix Interface ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Energetic Approach ◽  
Fibre Matrix

Understanding matrix failure in LFRP composites is one of the main challenges when developing failure criteria for these materials. This work aims to study the influence of the secondary transverse load on the crack initiation at micro-scale. Four non-classical approaches of fracture mechanics are used to model the onset of fibre-matrix interface debonds: Linear Elastic Brittle Interface Model (LEBIM), an Energetic Approach for the Linear Elastic Brittle Interface Model (EA-LEBIM), an Energetic Approach for the bilinear Cohesive Zone Model (EA-CZM) and the Coupled Criterion of the Finite Fracture Mechanics (CC-FFM). Results obtained by these approaches predict that, for brittle fibre-matrix configurations, a secondary transverse compression reduces the critical value of the main transverse tension leading to the debond onset. This fact is not taken into account by the currently used failure criteria

Failure criteria for linear elastic materials with U-notches

2006 ◽  
Vol 141 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Gómez ◽  
G. V. Guinea ◽  
M. Elices
Keyword(s):  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Elastic Materials ◽  
Linear Elastic

The Effect of Piping System Non-Linearity on the Unstable Growth of a Circumferential Through-Wall Crack in a Pipe

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Crack Size ◽  
Instability Criterion ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Simple Model System ◽  
Linear Manner

During the last twenty-five years, considerable attention has been given to the structural integrity of steel piping systems, and in particular to the effect of circumferential cracks on their integrity. From a safety perspective, it is important that any crack, say for example a stress corrosion crack or fatigue crack, will not develop into a through-wall crack which will then propagate unstably, thus leading to a guillotine rupture and possibly a pipe whip scenario. One way of guaranteeing that this does not happen is to ensure that unstable growth of a circumferential through-wall crack is unable to occur. An appropriate methodology is based on tearing modulus concepts with the instability criterion being expressed in the form TAPP > TMAT where TAPP is the applied tearing modulus, a measure of the crack driving force, and TMAT is the material tearing modulus, a measure of the material’s crack growth resistance. With a piping system that behaves in a linear elastic manner, TAPP involves only the system’s geometry parameters and the crack size but not the magnitudes of the applied loadings or the material properties of the cracked cross-section; the behaviours of the cracked cross-section and the remainder of the piping system are therefore decoupled. If, however, the system behaves in a non-linear manner say, for example, as a result of excessive deformation arising as a consequence of large deformations, then TAPP also involves the material properties of the cracked cross-section; material and piping system geometry parameters are then not decoupled in the instability criterion. The paper illustrates this point by analysing a simple model system where the non-linearity arises from excessive deformation at a connection.

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