Mechanical Response of Human Knee Joint to Sinusoidal Compression: Influence of Fluid Pressurization in Soft Tissues

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaghoub Dabiri ◽  
LePing Li
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Loading Frequency ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Fluid Pressurization

The mechanical response of the knee joint has been simulated using finite element methods with elastic material models [1–4]. Fluid pressurization in articular cartilage and menisci has not been considered in the anatomically accurate joint modeling until recently [5–7]. We have recently considered stress relaxation and creep behavior of human knees. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanics of the femoral cartilage under cyclical knee compression. We are particularly interested in the determination of loading versus unloading patterns for the fluid pressure and flow, as well as the influence of the loading frequency on the fluid pressurization.

The Contribution of the Cruciate Ligaments to the Load-Displacement Characteristics of the Human Knee Joint

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Piziali ◽  
J. Rastegar ◽  
D. A. Nagel ◽  
D. J. Schurman
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Lateral Load ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Cruciate Ligaments ◽  
Significant Percentage ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Torsional Loads ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Human knee specimens were subjected to anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, varus-valgus, and torsional displacement tests. Loads were recorded for the intact joint and for the joint with all soft tissues cut except for the cruciate ligaments. The effect of condylar interference was determined for anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and torsional displacements. The variation in load with flexion angle was considerable for medial-lateral (0–90-deg flexion) displacements, and less for varus-valgus (0–45-deg flexion) displacements. The cruciates were found to carry almost the entire anterior-posterior load; they carried a significant percentage of the medial-lateral load which varied considerably with flexion angle. A small, but not insignificant percentage of the varus-valgus load was carried by the cruciates and the variations with flexion angle were small. In torsion, the cruciates resisted only internal rotation. In the tested displacement ranges, condylar interference had a small effect on the medial-lateral load but did not affect anterior-posterior or torsional loads.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Analysis of Human Knee Joint in Indian Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 478-484
Author(s):  
Ratnakar Ambade ◽  
Ankit Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Distal Femur ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Part Dimension ◽  
The Right ◽  
Complex Surgical Procedures

Background: It is well understood that distal femoral and proximal tibia scale is lower in case of the Asian than that of their western counterparts. Because of the Asian population's comparatively smaller structure and stature, many surgeons claim that imported implants may not be well fitted for Asian origin patients, mainly based on Western morphometry. It is very likely that an overweight section will be used in many Asian centres in most operations, resulting in low results of the procedure of the implant. For joint substitution of distal femur, careful positioning of fitted implants as well as balancing of underlying soft tissues is important. It is also important to use incredibly complex surgical procedures. To retain its usual functional motion spectrum, use of a suitable femoral part dimension is necessary. Furthermore, owing to a discrepancy between the size of the prosthesis and the bone, there could be a host of serious issues. Objectives: To calculate the anthropometric distal femur parameter and determine the distal femur variations on the right and left side of the morph metric measurement and to evaluate dimension of current TKA as related to Indian population. Methodology: This study included visiting the out patients Department of Orthopedics, at AVBRH in the age group 30-50 year during the period of June-2020 to April-2023 with sample size of 50 patients. Detailed history and clinical review will be taken, including age, sex, socio-economic background, type of employment. In all patients involved in the study in Orthopedic OPD, thorough radiological assessment of all the knee joints will be performed. The radiological test and various anthropometrics will include knee joint Simple X-ray and CT-Scan. Expected Results: We expect that from our results, anthropometric measurements of Indian population may differ from other literatures.

A 3D Biphasic Finite Element Model of the Human Knee Joint for the Study of Tibiofemoral Contact and Fluid Pressurization

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongqiang Guo ◽  
Suzanne A. Maher ◽  
Robert L. Spilker
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Contact Problem ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Biphasic Finite Element

Biphasic theory which considers soft tissue, such as articular cartilage and meniscus, as a combination of a solid and a fluid phase has been widely used to model their biomechanical behavior [1]. Though fluid flow plays an important role in the load-carrying ability of soft tissues, most finite element models of the knee joint consider cartilage and the meniscus as solid. This simplification is due to the fact that biphasic contact is complicated to model. Beside the continuity conditions for displacement and traction that a single-phase contact problem consists of, there are two additional continuity conditions in the biphasic contact problem for relative fluid flow and fluid pressure [2]. The problem becomes even more complex when a joint is being modeled. The knee joint, for example, has multiple contact pairs which make the biphasic finite element model of this joint far more complex. Several biphasic models of the knee have been developed [3–9], yet simplifications were included in these models: (1) the 3D geometry of the knee was represented by a 2D axisymmetric geometry [3, 5, 6, 9]; (2) no fluid flow was allowed between contact surfaces of the soft tissues [4, 8] which is inconsistent with the equation of mass conservation across the contact interface [10]; (3) zero fluid pressure boundary conditions were inaccurately applied around the contact area [7].

scholarly journals The peripheral soft tissues should not be ignored in the finite element models of the human knee joint

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1189-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Naghibi Beidokhti ◽  
Dennis Janssen ◽  
Sebastiaan van de Groes ◽  
Nico Verdonschot
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint

Development of a 3-D Non-Linear Finite Element Model of Human Knee Joint

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhua Song ◽  
Richard E. Debski ◽  
Jorge Gil ◽  
Savio L.-Y. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Non Linear

A 3-D finite element (FE) model of the knee is needed to more accurately analyze the kinematics of a knee joint as well as the function of various soft tissues such as ligaments. The data obtained can provide a better understanding of mechanisms of injury and offer valuable information for ligament reconstruction and rehabilitation protocols. The objective of this study was to develop a 3-D non-linear FE model of a human knee and determine its kinematics and the force and stress distributions within the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in response to anterior tibial loads at full extension. This model was validated by comparing the computed results to data obtained experimentally by a Robotic/UFS testing system [1].

3-D Knee Biomechanics

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumitru I. Caruntu
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Joint Contact ◽  
Joint Biomechanics ◽  
Contact Models ◽  
Exercise Design

This is a survey on 3-D dynamic and quasi-static human knee joint modeling. Anatomical surface representation, contact modeling, ligament structure, and solution algorithm are reviewed. Understanding knee joint biomechanics is important for total knee replacement and rehabilitation exercise design, ligament reconstruction, and cartilage damage. Knee models were proposed mostly in the last two decades. They aimed normal activities and rehabilitation exercises, and sought muscle, ligament, and joint contact forces. Consisting of two joints, tibio-femoral (TF) and patello-femoral (PF), the human knee 3-D models were PF, TF [1–3], and both TF and PF [4–7]. Models were static, quasi-static, and dynamic, including the entire, partial, or none of the ligament structure. Contact models of the knee were rigid or deformable. Both natural knees and replacement models were reported. Different groups of muscles were considered.

Knee Joint Modeling

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumitru I. Caruntu
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Solution Algorithm ◽  
Surface Representation ◽  
Contact Modeling ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Joint Biomechanics

This is a review paper on human knee joint biomechanics modeling. Dynamic models and quasi-static models reported lately in the literature are included in this survey. Anatomical surface representation, contact modeling, ligament structure, and solution algorithm of these models are reviewed.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics of the Human Knee Joint

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kazemi ◽  
Y. Dabiri ◽  
L. P. Li
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Model Validation ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Computational Mechanics ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Joint Level ◽  
Human Knee Joint

Computational mechanics has been advanced in every area of orthopedic biomechanics. The objective of this paper is to provide a general review of the computational models used in the analysis of the mechanical function of the knee joint in different loading and pathological conditions. Major review articles published in related areas are summarized first. The constitutive models for soft tissues of the knee are briefly discussed to facilitate understanding the joint modeling. A detailed review of the tibiofemoral joint models is presented thereafter. The geometry reconstruction procedures as well as some critical issues in finite element modeling are also discussed. Computational modeling can be a reliable and effective method for the study of mechanical behavior of the knee joint, if the model is constructed correctly. Single-phase material models have been used to predict the instantaneous load response for the healthy knees and repaired joints, such as total and partial meniscectomies, ACL and PCL reconstructions, and joint replacements. Recently, poromechanical models accounting for fluid pressurization in soft tissues have been proposed to study the viscoelastic response of the healthy and impaired knee joints. While the constitutive modeling has been considerably advanced at the tissue level, many challenges still exist in applying a good material model to three-dimensional joint simulations. A complete model validation at the joint level seems impossible presently, because only simple data can be obtained experimentally. Therefore, model validation may be concentrated on the constitutive laws using multiple mechanical tests of the tissues. Extensive model verifications at the joint level are still crucial for the accuracy of the modeling.

A Numerical Model of Mechanics of Osteoarthritis in Human Knee Joint

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaghoub Dabiri ◽  
LePing Li
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Contact Loads ◽  
Model Fluid

Articular cartilage is composed of water entrapped in a solid matrix formed by proteoglycans and collagen fibers. Therefore, the mechanical behavior of this tissue is determined by all of these three components. In addition, the properties of articular cartilage vary along the depth and by location. In the human knee joint, the three dimensional geometry as well as the contact between the cartilaginous tissues plays essential roles in the joint mechanics. On the other hand, initiation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA) could be partly caused by contact loads. Consequently, the fibrillar and non-fibrillar matrices, the three dimensional geometry and the contact between the tissues should be considered as essential parameters in the study of the mechanics of osteoarthritis. However, previous studies on OA mechanics were mostly limited to explants geometries [1]. Also, the contact mechanics associated with the fluid pressure have not been considered in the previous OA models. In a recent knee model, fluid was considered in femoral cartilage but not in the menisci [2]. Additionally, the depth-dependent mechanical properties were not included in that model.

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