scholarly journals Reliability of quantitative point shear-wave ultrasound elastography on vastus medialis muscle and quadriceps and patellar tendons

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Maria Zardi ◽  
Edoardo Franceschetti ◽  
Chiara Giorgi ◽  
Alessio Palumbo ◽  
Francesco Franceschi
Keyword(s):  
Patellar Tendon ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Quadriceps Tendon ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vastus Medialis Muscle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Aim: The aim of this work was to evaluate the reliability of pSWE in assessing the stiffness of the vastus medialis muscle and of the quadriceps and patellar tendons.Material and methods: For this purpose, 18 subjects (9 males and 9 females of 57±22 years) in good clinical conditions were included in this study. pSWE examination was conducted by a unique expert operator with more than ten years of experience in musculoskeletal ultrasound. Two sets of five measurements for each muscle and tendon district were bilaterally performed at the same manner, at least fifteen minutes apart. The mean value of the measurements of each set was statistically compared with that of the other set.Results: No significant differences were found comparing the mean value of the measurements of the two sets of evaluation performed in muscle and tendon areas (vastus medialis muscle: p=0.285; quadriceps tendon: p=0.979; patellar tendon: p=0.187). The intraclass correlation coefficient was excellent for all areas (vastus medialis muscle: 0.969; quadriceps and patellar tendons: 0.995 and 0.989, respectively).Conclusion: The pSWE technique demonstrated that it was a reliable method for measuring stiffness in vastus medialis muscle and quadriceps and patellar tendon in subjects who had undergone orthopedic surgery. This opens the possibility of many applications in monitoring stiffness before and after surgery and during rehabilitation.

Perbedaan Pengetahuan Siswa Tentang Penyakit Hepatitis A Sebelum Dan Sesudah Penyuluhan Di MTsN 02 Bondowoso Tahun 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Putri Megasari
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Test Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired T Test

Hepatitis has become a health problem in the world. The hepatitis virus infected many people. According to the teacher of MTsN 02 Bondowoso more than 20 students have hepatitis A viral infection. The purpose of this research was to know the differences of students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study used pre-experimental (pre-post test design). This study used stratified random sampling technique, 127 students from 270 sample involved this research,and 143 students was excluded. We used questionnaires to collect data. The results showed that the mean value of the students 'knowledge about hepatitis A before counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 83.96 with the lowest value of 37.5 and the highest value was 100. The mean value of the students' knowledge about hepatitis A after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 93.21 with the lowest value waf 62.5 and the highest value was 100. Paired t test showed that t (-9.07) > t table (1.98), the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. There was a difference between students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study showed that routine counseling by healthcare provider was important to prevent hepatitis A infection.; Keywords: counseling, knowledge of students, hepatitis

scholarly journals AB0797 ULTRASONOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF ENTHESEAL INVOLVEMENT IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1698.2-1699
Author(s):  
I. Mahmoud ◽  
S. Rahmouni ◽  
A. Ben Tekaya ◽  
S. Bouden ◽  
R. Tekaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Patellar Tendon ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Quadriceps Tendon ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Triceps Tendon ◽  
Nail Involvement

Background:Entheseal involvement is a frequent and distinctive feature of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), often under diagnosed. It is especially associated with nail involvement. Because clinical examination is not sensitive enough for the detection of early signs of this involvement, US may be considered as an alternative imaging technique in the diagnosis of enthesopathy.Objectives:The aim of the present study is to evaluate US entheses abnormalities in PsA and their correlation with clinical characteristicsMethods:The study included patients diagnosed with PsA according to the CASPAR criteria. They underwent a thorough clinical examination with special regard to the presence of enthesitis using the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) Enthesitis Index.The US study bilaterally explored entheses at six sites: proximal plantar fascia, distal Achilles tendon, distal and proximal patellar tendon insertion, distal quadriceps tendon and distal brachial triceps tendon. We evaluated the following elemental lesions of enthesis at each site: thickness and structure of the tendon, calcifications, bursae, erosions, power Doppler signal in bursa or enthesis full tendon.Results:Of the 33 patients, 39.4 % were male. The mean age was 51.2±12.5 years. The mean disease duration was 13.5±10.2 years.The mean DAPSA was 22.8± 19.7 [0.1-84.5]: remission(n=9), low activity (n=5),moderate activity (n=11),high activity(n=8).At inclusion, 11 patients (33.4%) patients presented with psoriatic onychopathy (45 fingernails) with a mean mNAPSI of 14.1±16. Out of the 528 entheseal sites, 92 were tender at the palpation (17,4%) with a mean SPARCC at 2.87.A total of 396 entheseal sites were examined by US. In 140 of them (35.35%), US found at least 1 sign indicative of enthesopathy. The most affected tendon was the distal Achilles tendon (42/396), followed by proximal plantar fascia (32/396), distal patellar tendon (20/396), quadriceps tendon (20/396), distal brachial triceps tendon(14/396) and finally proximal patellar tendon (12/396).The most common elemental lesions were enthsophytes (176), erosions (114) and calcifications (50).We found a positive correlation between age and both calcification (r=0,4, p=0.021) and enthesophytes (r=0.479, p=0.005).We found a positive correlation between enthesophyte and the tender and swollen joints count (r= 0.352, p=0.045, r=0.378, p=0.03) and the SPARCC score (r=0.397, p=0.022).Patients with higher BASDAI had thicker tendons (r=0.355, p=0.05).Patients with nail dystrophy had more bursitis and erosions.US scores did not correlate with sexe, disease duration and disease activity measures (ASDAS, DAPSA, DAS28 and PASI). Patients with subclinical entheseal involvement didn’t have higher inflammatory biomarkers (ESR, CRP).Conclusion:US subclinical enthesopthy are not rare in psoriatic arthritis, in particular in patients with active disease.Clinical nail involvement was associated with bursitis and erosions. New studies including larger study groups are required to verify the findings of the present studyDisclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Quality of life of obstetrics fistula patients before and after surgical repair in the Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilahun Fufa Debela ◽  
Zerihun Asefa Hordofa ◽  
Aster Berhe Aregawi ◽  
Demisew Amenu Sori
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Obstetric Fistula ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Jimma University

Abstract Background The consequences of obstetric fistula on affected women are more than the medical condition. It has extensive physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences on them. Obstetric fistula affects the entire health and entire life of women. Women suffering from obstetric fistula are often abandoned by her partner, relatives, and the community. This study aimed to determine the quality of life of obstetrics fistula patients before and after surgical repair. Methods Institutional-based prospective, before and after study design was conducted in the Jimma University Medical Center from November 1, 2019–October 30, 2020. A face-to-face interview was conducted with fistula patients who visited Jimma University Medical center, fistula clinic during the study period. All fistula patients were included in the study. Accordingly, 78 women who underwent surgical repair were interviewed. The means and the standard deviation were computed using conventional statistics formulas. The unpaired t-test was used to compare two independent means, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the quality of life before repair and after a successful repair. Linear regression analysis was done for identifying determinants of quality of life. A P value of 0.05 will be considered statistical significance. Result The overall quality of life of women was 58.17 ± 7.2 before the surgical repair and 71.20 ± 10.79 after surgical repair. The result indicates there is a significant difference in the mean value of pre and post-operative (P < 0.001). The overall satisfaction of women with their health status before the surgical repair was 22.5 ± 1.30and it has increased to 53.0 ± .90after surgical repair. The physical health dimension score was 16.51 ± 5.27 before the surgical repair while it has increased to 21.77 ± 5.38 after the surgical repair. The score of the social domain before the surgical repair was 5.19 ± 1.34 and it has increased to 7.13 ± 3.67 after the surgical repair. The score of the environmental health domain was 17.41 ± 2.89 before the surgery while it also increased to 21.65 ± 4.04 after the surgical repair. The results have shown there was a significant difference in the mean values of pre and post-operatives in both social and environmental scores (P < 0.001). The score of the psychological health domain before the surgery was 19.06 ± 1.46 and it was increased to 19.84 ± 3.21 after the surgical repair. The result showed there is a significant difference in mean value pre and post-operative (P = 0.048), though it is a slight improvement compared to other domains. Conclusion The overall quality of life of the patient with fistula was improved after successful surgical repair. Although all domains of quality of life had shown significant improvement after successful surgical repair, the psychological domain showed slight improvement.

scholarly journals Effect of Tea Tree Oil on Improvement of Hair Damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
Ju-Sub Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
L Value ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the effects of tea tree oil on damaged hair.Methods: A texture-improving agent was produced by adding different dosages of tea tree oil (i.e., 0, 2, 4, and 6 g) on sample hair. Comparative analysis was conducted by measuring the effects of the agent before and after application to sample hair bleached into level 8. To examine changes in hair brightness, L* value was measured using a color difference meter. In addition, to determine the effects of the agent on damaged hair, the study measured tensile strength, absorbance using methylene blue, and hair gloss.Results: The mean L* value for each sample increased for healthy hair but decreased in the 8L samples. Analysis indicates that the healthy hair, 8L(4) sample, and 8L(6) samples pointed to significant results. The mean value for tensile strength increased for all healthy and 8L hair samples after application. Specifically, the 8L(4) and 8L(6) samples displayed significant results. In terms of absorbance, the mean value decreased for all healthy and 8L hair samples after application. Moreover, hair gloss values increased for samples applied with the agent containing tea tree oil. Specifically, the 8L(2), 8L(4), and 8L(6) samples exhibited increased values after application.Conclusions: The results confirm the effects of tea tree oil on damaged hair in terms of improvements in terms of tensile strength, absorbance, and gloss. The study recommends that further research on the effects of various oils and natural extracts on damaged hair is necessary in terms of improving other hair characteristics and using more samples.

scholarly journals Anticoagulation in Cardiopulmonary Bypass

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomas Kisker ◽  
John A. Young ◽  
Donald B. Doty ◽  
Barbara J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Excessive Bleeding ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Activated Clotting Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Prolonging the activated clotting time (ACT) 2 to 3 times normal is said to provide a “safe” level of anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass. To test this level of anticoagulation 9 monkeys were anticoagulated with heparin at the start of cardiopulmonary bypass so that ACT’s ranged from 201 sec to > 1000 sec (normal 91 sec). ACT, platelet count (P), fibrinogen (F), and fibrin monomer (FM) were measured at 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes during bypass. Antithrombin III (AT3) was measured before and after bypass. Six monkeys developed increased FM indicating active coagulation beginning from 10 to 60 minutes on bypass. ACT’s were > 200 sec in all animals at the time of FM detection. P fell below 100,000/mm3 in the 6 animals with elevated FM, but remained above 100,000/mm3 in the other 3 animals. The mean value of AT3 (69%) decreased to 24.4% after bypass in the 6 animals with elevated FM, but was 61% after bypass in the others. Scanning electron microscopy of the oxygenator membranes showed significant amounts of fibrin on the membranes used in monkeys who developed increased FM levels, but not on those with normal FM concentrations. F decreased from 167 mgm/dl to 80.5 mgm/dl in monkeys with elevated FM and to 117 mgm/dl in those with normal FM concentrations. Excessive bleeding did not occur in the animals without increased FM although ACT’s were in excess of 1000 sec. Subsequently three human subjects on cardiopulmonary bypass whose ACT’s were maintained above 400 sec have not shown increased FM levels. The results suggest that prolonging the ACT more than 2 - 3 times normal is required to prevent activation of clotting during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Validation of the Hexoskin wearable vest during lying, sitting, standing, and walking activities

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1019-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Villar ◽  
Thomas Beltrame ◽  
Richard L. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Exercise Condition ◽  
The Mean

We tested the validity of the Hexoskin wearable vest to monitor heart rate (HR), breathing rate (BR), tidal volume (VT), minute ventilation, and hip motion intensity (HMI) in comparison with laboratory standard devices during lying, sitting, standing, and walking. Twenty healthy young volunteers participated in this study. First, participants walked 6 min on a treadmill at speeds of 1, 3, and 4.5 km/h followed by increasing treadmill grades until 80% of their predicted maximal heart rate. Second, lying, sitting, and standing tasks were performed (5 min each) followed by 6 min of treadmill walking at 80% of their ventilatory threshold. Analysis of each individual’s mean values under each resting or exercise condition by the 2 measurement systems revealed low coefficient of variation and high intraclass correlation values for HR, BR, and HMI. The Bland–Altman results from HR, BR, and HMI indicated no deviation of the mean value from zero and relatively small variability about the mean. VT and minute ventilation were provided in arbitrary units by the Hexoskin device; however, relative magnitude of change from Hexoskin closely tracked the laboratory standard method. Hexoskin presented low variability, good agreement, and consistency. The Hexoskin wearable vest was a valid and consistent tool to monitor activities typical of daily living such as different body positions (lying, sitting, and standing) and various walking speeds.

scholarly journals Semen characteristics of breeding bulls at the Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm of Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
ME Hossain ◽  
MM Khatun ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
OF Miazi
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The experiment was conducted on 97 breeding bulls at the central cattle breeding and dairy farm, Savar, Dhaka to find out the physical and chemical properties of different bull semen. Out of 97 bulls, 9 were Local (L), 9 were Friesian (F), 13 were Sahiwal (SL), 12 were Local×Friesian (L×F), 10 were Sahiwal×Friesian (SL×F), 26 were Local×Friesian×Friesian (LF1×F), 18 were Local×Friesian× Friesian×Friesian (LF2×F) bulls. The semen of different crossbred and local bulls was examined for ejaculate volume, concentration, pH and motility percent of sperm before and after freezing. It was observed that, the maximum average ejaculate was obtained from SL×F and the mean value was 12.9 ml. However, the minimum average ejaculate was obtained from LF×F and the mean value was 7.4 ml. Before freezing, the maximum average sperm concentration was obtained from SL and the mean value was 1858.4 million/ml. The minimum average sperm concentration was obtained from LF1×F and the mean value was 1286.6 million/ml. The maximum average pH was obtained from LF2×F and the mean value was 6.5. The maximum average motility was obtained from SL and the mean value was 68.8%. However, the minimum average motility was obtained from L×F and the mean value was 63.7%. After freezing, sperm concentration, pH and motility reduced substantially irrespective of type of breed. It could therefore be inferred that freezing of semen should be undertaken with special care to maintain optimum semen quality.http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i1.11968

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERBEDAAN ABNORMAL RETURN DAN TRADING VOLUME ACTIVITY SAHAM SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PERISTIWA GEMPA DI YOGYAKARTA TANGGAL 27 MEI 2006 (Sudi Kasus pada Perusahaan Asuransi Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Jakarta)

IQTISHODUNA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Nurul Istanti, SE., MM.,
Keyword(s):  
Abnormal Return ◽  
Trading Volume ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Volume Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Insurance Firms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Difference Test

This research presents an empirical analysis of difference between abnormal return and trading volume activity before and after earths-quake, in Yogyakarta at May 27, 2006. And examine its statistical properties. This research argues that there was difference between abnormal return and trading volume activity before and after quake. For this purpose, the mean difference test, using t-test, was applied to compare the mean value of abnormal return and trading volume activity before and after quake. The sample of this research consists of the insurance firms listed at the Jakarta Stock Exchange. Investigation on the sample firms involved periods of ten days before quake and ten days after quake. The results of this research indicate that there was no significant difference between the abnormal return and trading volume activity before and after quake. This evidence confirms that even did not positively influence abnormal return and trading volume activity as suggested theoretically.  

scholarly journals Effects Of Home-Based Convergence Insufficiency Vision Therapy On Accommodation Among School Going Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (06) ◽  
pp. 4848-4853
Author(s):  
Andrew Wekesa ◽  
Mazximila Wanzala
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Home Based Therapy ◽  
Vision Therapy ◽  
The Town ◽  
Accommodative Facility

Effects of home-based convergence insufficiency vision therapy on accommodation among school going children Wekesa Andrew1, Wanzala Maximilla1 1Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology Kakamega, Kenya.   Abstract Background: Convergence and accommodation are always yoked together and any adjustment on the former affects the later. The most effective treatment for convergence insufficiency (CI) is vision therapy. Aim/Purpose: To determine the effects of home-based vision therapy on accommodation in school-going with CI attending the Masinde Muliro University Academic Vision Center in Kenya. Methods: A clinical experimental design involving 23 participants with the mean age of 14±2.4 years, were recruited into the study, however, only 18 were assessed after the therapy. The study took 9 weeks thus majority lost contact while others moved out of the town. Home-based vision therapy which is undertaken at home using a pencil or broke strings. During the therapy, accommodative values were monitored which were; negative relative accommodation, positive relative accommodation, dynamic accommodation, accommodative facility and near point of accommodation. Paired t-test used to compare mean values before and after the therapy. Results: The mean value of negative relative accommodation (NRA) before (mention what the mean values were here) and after (mention what the mean values were here) home-based therapy was statistically significant (p=0.01). However, the mean values before and after home-based therapy for the near point of accommodation (NPA), dynamic (Lag), relativity (PRA) and facility (MAF) showed no difference (p> 0.05). The mean value of the NRA before and after office-based vision therapy was statistically significant (p=0.01). Conclusion: The use of home-based vision therapy for the patients with CI had significant effects on accommodation changing from a lower limit to average after the therapy.   Keywords: Convergence insufficiency, Accommodation, Home-based vision therapy.

scholarly journals PENGARUH LATIHAN AEROBIK TERHADAP FORCED VITAL CAPACITY (FVC)PRIA DEWASA DENGANOVERWEIGHT

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Florencia Sagay ◽  
Hedison Polii ◽  
Herlina I. S. Wungouw
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

Abstract: Changes to respiratory function due to regular aerobic exercise will affect the value of pulmonary function, especially in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). This research aimed to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on FVC overweight male students of Unsrat Medical Faculty. This research is analytic with design experimental, one group pre and post test design. The sampling technique used is non-purposive sampling technique. The research sample was taken from the students of the Faculty of Medicine 2009, Univercity of Sam Ratulangi who fulfill the inclusion criteria. Some 32 students were selected as research subjects. After giving informed consent, FVC measurement was done with the spirometer. After it was measured, they were given treatmen in the form aerobic exercise using a stationary bike for three weeks with frequency of exercise three times a week and exercise intensity for 30 minutes. We measured again FVC values after the exercise three times program. Normality test data showed significance for FVC value before treatment by 0.752, and after treatment by 0.912. Comparison of the average value before and after exercise were tested by using a paired test. Significant value for FVC is P = 0.084, means there is no significant difference between FVC values before and after exercise (P> 0.05). The mean FVC was 3.88 before treatment and after treatment the mean value was 4.00, an increase in the average value of 0.11. Conclusion:Aerobic Exercise on a regular basis using a stationary bike on the overweight male student can improve lung function in particular the mean FVC but there was no significant difference from the mean value. Keywords: FVC, Aerobic Exercise, Overweight.   Abstrak: Perubahan fungsi pernapasan karena latihan aerobik secara teratur akan mempengaruhi nilai fungsi paru khususnya Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan aerobik terhadap FVC mahasiswa pria Fakultas Kedokteran Unsrat dengan berat badan lebih.Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan rancangan eksperimental one grup pre and post test design. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik non purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian diambil dari Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Angkatan 2009.Sejumlah 32 orang mahasiswa terpilih sebagai subjek penelitian dan dilakukan pengukuran FVC dengan Spirometer.Setelah itu diberikan perlakuan berupa latihan aerobik menggunakan sepeda statis selama tiga minggu dengan frekuensi latihan tiga kali seminggu dan intensitas latihan selama 30 menit.Selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran kembali nilai FVC sesudah program latihan.Uji normalitas data menunjukkan nilai signifikansi untuk FVC sebelum perlakuan sebesar 0.752, dan sesudah perlakuan sebesar 0.912. Perbandingan nilai rata  rata  sebelum dan sesudah latihan diuji dengan menggunakan uji t berpasangan.Nilai signifikan untuk FVC adalah P = 0.084, berarti tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara nilai FVC sebelum dan sesudah latihan (P > 0.05) .Nilai rerata FVC sebelum pelakuan adalah 3,88  dan nilai rerata sesudah perlakuan adalah  4,00,  terjadi penigkatan nilai rerata sebesar 0,11.Simpulan:Latihan Aerobik menggunakan sepeda statis secara teratur dapat meningkatkan nilai rerata fungsi paru khususnya FVC tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna dari nilai rerata tersebut. Kata Kunci: FVC, Latihan Aerobik, Berat Badan Lebih (Overweight).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document