scholarly journals Virtual hysteroscopy: a new non invasive approach for the assessment of uterine cavity

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Sergio Cossi ◽  
Heron Werner ◽  
Alberto Borges Peixoto ◽  
Wellington P Martins ◽  
Edward Araujo Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Uterine Anomalies ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Diagnostic Hysteroscopy ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Endometrial Pathology

Endometrial pathology is frequent in premenopausal women and the diagnostic hysteroscopy is considered the gold standard for assessing endometrial cavity and congenital uterine anomalies. However it is an invasive and uncomfortable procedure. Saline contrast hysterosalgingography and hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography allow detailed assessment of the uterine cavity. We propose a virtual hysteroscopy from three-dimensional saline and three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography scan data to generate a virtual reality as a new noninvasive procedure for assessing the uterine cavity in uterine congenital anomaly and endometrial pathology cases as well.

scholarly journals Focality of the Induced E-Field Is a Contributing Factor in the Choice of TMS Parameters: Evidence from a 3D Computational Model of the Human Brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1010
Author(s):  
Deepika Konakanchi ◽  
Amy L. de Jongh Curry ◽  
Robert S. Waters ◽  
Shalini Narayana
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
The Impact

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising, non-invasive approach in the diagnosis and treatment of several neurological conditions. However, the specific results in the cortex of the magnitude and spatial distribution of the secondary electrical field (E-field) resulting from TMS at different stimulation sites/orientations and varied TMS parameters are not clearly understood. The objective of this study is to identify the impact of TMS stimulation site and coil orientation on the induced E-field, including spatial distribution and the volume of activation in the cortex across brain areas, and hence demonstrate the need for customized optimization, using a three-dimensional finite element model (FEM). A considerable difference was noted in E-field values and distribution at different brain areas. We observed that the volume of activated cortex varied from 3000 to 7000 mm3 between the selected nine clinically relevant coil locations. Coil orientation also changed the induced E-field by a maximum of 10%, and we noted the least optimal values at the standard coil orientation pointing to the nose. The volume of gray matter activated varied by 10% on average between stimulation sites in homologous brain areas in the two hemispheres of the brain. This FEM simulation model clearly demonstrates the importance of TMS parameters for optimal results in clinically relevant brain areas. The results show that TMS parameters cannot be interchangeably used between individuals, hemispheres, and brain areas. The focality of the TMS induced E-field along with its optimal magnitude should be considered as critical TMS parameters that should be individually optimized.

scholarly journals Impedance-Based Monitoring of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Three-Dimensional Proliferation Using Aerosol Jet Printed Sensors: A Tissue Engineering Application

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Tonello ◽  
Andrea Bianchetti ◽  
Simona Braga ◽  
Camillo Almici ◽  
Mirella Marini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Tissue Engineering Application ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogel ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Aerosol Jet Printing

One of the main hurdles to improving scaffolds for regenerative medicine is the development of non-invasive methods to monitor cell proliferation within three-dimensional environments. Recently, an electrical impedance-based approach has been identified as promising for three-dimensional proliferation assays. A low-cost impedance-based solution, easily integrable with multi-well plates, is here presented. Sensors were developed using biocompatible carbon-based ink on foldable polyimide substrates by means of a novel aerosol jet printing technique. The setup was tested to monitor the proliferation of human mesenchymal stromal cells into previously validated gelatin-chitosan hybrid hydrogel scaffolds. Reliability of the methodology was assessed comparing variations of the electrical impedance parameters with the outcomes of enzymatic proliferation assay. Results obtained showed a magnitude increase and a phase angle decrease at 4 kHz (maximum of 2.5 kΩ and −9 degrees) and an exponential increase of the modeled resistance and capacitance components due to the cell proliferation (maximum of 1.5 kΩ and 200 nF). A statistically significant relationship with enzymatic assay outcomes could be detected for both phase angle and electric model parameters. Overall, these findings support the potentiality of this non-invasive approach for continuous monitoring of scaffold-based cultures, being also promising in the perspective of optimizing the scaffold-culture system.

Use of ultrasound imaging for the diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding in the bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata)

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Uddhav K Chaudhari ◽  
M Imran ◽  
Dhananjay D Manjramkar ◽  
Siddhanath M Metkari ◽  
Nilesh P Sable ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Hyperplasia ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Endometrial Polyps ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Uterine Anomalies

Ultrasound is a powerful, low-cost, non-invasive medical tool used by laboratory animal veterinarians for diagnostic imaging. Sonohysterography and transvaginal ultrasound are frequently used to assess uterine anomalies in women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). In the present study, we have evaluated the abdominal ultrasound of bonnet monkeys ( n = 8) showing spontaneous ovulatory ( n = 5) and anovulatory ( n = 3) AUB. The ovulatory ( n = 5) macaques showed cyclic AUB for 7–8 days. The anovulatory ( n = 3) macaques had irregular AUB with menstrual cycles of 40–45 days. The B-mode abdominal, colour Doppler and 3D ultrasound scans were performed during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. Ultrasound examination revealed endometrial polyps in five macaques and endometrial hyperplasia in three animals. The width and length of endometrial polyps was around 0.5–1 cm (average 0.51 ± 0.23 cm × 0.96 ± 0.16 cm) with significant increase in endometrial thickness ( P < 0.0002). 3D ultrasound also showed a homogeneous mass in the uterine cavity and colour Doppler ultrasound showed increased vascularity in the endometrial polyps. Endometrial hyperplasia characteristically appeared as a thickened echogenic endometrium ( P < 0.0002). This study demonstrates the use of non-invasive ultrasound techniques in the diagnosis of AUB in macaques.

scholarly journals In-Depth Analysis of Egg-Tempera Paint Layers by Multiphoton Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3831
Author(s):  
Alice Dal Fovo ◽  
Mikel Sanz ◽  
Mohamed Oujja ◽  
Raffaella Fontana ◽  
Sara Mattana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Scattering Media ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Egg Tempera ◽  
Depth Analysis

The non-invasive depth-resolved imaging of pictorial layers in paintings by means of linear optical techniques represents a challenge in the field of Cultural Heritage (CH). The presence of opaque and/or highly-scattering materials may obstruct the penetration of the radiation probe, thus impeding the visualization of the stratigraphy of paintings. Nonlinear Optical Microscopy (NLOM), which makes use of tightly-focused femtosecond pulsed lasers as illumination sources, is an emerging technique for the analysis of painted objects enabling micrometric three-dimensional (3D) resolution with good penetration capability in semi-transparent materials. In this work, we evaluated the potential of NLOM, specifically in the modality of Multi-Photon Excitation Fluorescence (MPEF), to probe the stratigraphy of egg-tempera mock-up paintings. A multi-analytical non-invasive approach, involving ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) Fiber Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy, Vis-NIR photoluminescence, and Laser Induced Fluorescence, yielded key-information for the characterization of the constituting materials and for the interpretation of the nonlinear results. Furthermore, the use of three nonlinear optical systems allowed evaluation of the response of the analyzed paints to different excitation wavelengths and photon doses, which proved useful for the definition of the most suitable measurement conditions. The micrometric thickness of the paint layers, which was not measurable by means of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), was instead assessed by MPEF, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of this nonlinear modality in probing highly-scattering media, while ensuring the minimal photochemical disturbance to the examined materials.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Ultrasound in Infertility

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Mona Zvanca
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ultrasound Machine ◽  
Good Image ◽  
Uterine Anomalies

Abstract Moving forward from the first approach of three dimensional ultrasound, as a new gadget for technicians, the method makes proof of its use in an increasing number of medical fields. Aim The present paper, and its graphic back-up, are intended as a visual testimony of the fact that 3D ultrasound is much more than a simple generator of “nice”, commercial, images. Moreover, its use may be extended from obstetrics to gynecological pathology, especially in cases related to infertility. Material and methods we performed a review of the main local infertility causes and their perception by the three dimensional ultrasound, as compared to the conventional methods. General literature citations were completed with personal cases and images. In our research we used a Kretz – Voluson Expert 730 ultrasound machine with a full logistic equipment. Our database was completed over a period of 18 months and included various pathology, such as uterine anomalies, fibroids, polyps, ovarian cysts and many others. Results Three dimensional ultrasound represents the best tool in evaluating the uterine cavity, the endometrium, assessing its volume and vascularity pattern. It also offers a very good image of the uterine structure, the adnexal morphology and their relationship. It performs a thorough pelvic assessment by a single examination. Moreover, it may realize a histerosalpingography, which is as efficient as the radiological method, but easier and with less side effects. Conclusions Even though it is technically more difficult and time consuming, a good practice and a high quality ultrasound equipment offer a series of benefits over any other kind of investigation.

scholarly journals Discovering hidden architectures of ancient time: 3d data survey to reveal the myth of mithra in Santa Maria Capua Vetere

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-5 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
M. Campi ◽  
R. Catuogno ◽  
A. di Luggo ◽  
D. Iovane ◽  
D. Palomba
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Integrated Methods ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Representation Techniques ◽  
Santa Maria

The research illustrated in this paper is part of a wider testing ground, aimed at identifying and developing processes of le arning and development taking place in archaeological contexts. These sites are investigated through the use of advanced technology, based on integrated methods of survey of new generation. The aim is to identify alternative languages of representation, able to read and to represent effectively the analyzed object and to propose alternative enjoyment systems. The case study is the Mithraeum in Santa Maria Capua Vetere, for which were carried out surveys with non-contact techniques, based on the use of instrumentations, for the acquisition of colorimetric and metric informations, that exploit a non-invasive approach. Data coming from laser scanner's sensors, combined with GPS receivers, are processed to define a three-dimensional centimetric space, in a single reference system of individual scans. Purpose of this research is to identify representation techniques able to communicate the sense of the multiple interrelations and of interferences among parties, providing the subsequent insertion of data into a wider project of cataloging, fruition and valuation of cultural heritage. The chance to diffuse Digital surveys is now a possible and implementable reality. The purpose is to spread awareness of World Heritage, in a participatory manner and based on the spiri t of knowledge, conveying all the strength of cultural content that heritage has.

scholarly journals What is the Role of Three-dimensional Ultrasound in Reproductive Medicine?

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Po Mui Lam ◽  
Christopher Haines
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Doppler Sonography ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Uterine Anomalies ◽  
3D Color Doppler

Abstract This article reviews the merits of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound and thereby establishes its clinical and research role in reproductive medicine. Its main clinical applications include the assessment for uterine anomalies and intrauterine pathology, especially, if combined with the procedure of saline infusion into the uterine cavity. Moreover, 3D color Doppler sonography is an exciting research tool for the evaluation of endometrial receptivity, ovarian reserve, and polycystic ovaries.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Ultrasound in the Fertility Clinic

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Deb ◽  
Zeina Haoula ◽  
Nick Raine-Fenning
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
Uterine Anomalies ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Additional Image ◽  
Image Planes ◽  
Future Work

Abstract The management of subfertility involves a detailed assessment of the couple to identify factors that may affect or predict the outcome of treatment. Three-dimensional imaging is one of the recent advances in the field of ultrasound which has several obvious benefits that relate to an improved spatial orientation and the demonstration of additional image planes such as the coronal plane. Many clinicians remain unconvinced by its reputed advantages and three-dimensional ultrasound is not without disadvantages. These mainly relate to the cost involved and training requirements. Threedimensional ultrasound imaging is still at a relatively early stage in terms of its role as a day-to-day imaging modality in gynecology and reproductive medicine. Other than its application in the assessment and differentiation of uterine anomalies there is little evidence that three-dimensional ultrasound results in clinically-relevant benefit or negates the need for further investigation. Future work should ensure that three-dimensional ultrasound is compared to conventional imaging in randomized trials where the observer is blinded to the outcome such that its role in reproductive medicine can be truly evaluated in an evidence-based manner.

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