Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana against the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae), under laboratory and hen house conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daian Guilherme Pinto De Oliveira ◽  
Cristiane Regina Kasburg ◽  
Luis Francisco Angeli Alves
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Mite Population ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Poultry Red Mite ◽  
Fungal Development ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Temperatures

Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer) (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae) is one of the most important hematophagous ectoparasites of laying hens. Chemical acaricides are the basis of a control program of this mite. In addition to their relative efficiency, there are many side effects associated with these chemical products. In an effort to generate more options for the mite control, entomopathogenic fungi were evaluated for use in the control of D. gallinae in laboratory and field conditions. Conidia suspensions of Beauveria bassiana strains were applied to mites (1×108 viable conidia/ml). Out of 39 strains, four isolates were selected according to their acaricidal activity (confirmed mortality ≥70%). Growth and reproduction parameters on culture media and fungal development at different temperatures were also evaluated. Finally, the efficacy of the selected strain was determined in a commercial laying hen house. A suspension of conidia (1 × 109 viable conidia/ml) was sprayed around the cages. Seven days later, another suspension was applied. A control group was sprayed with water. Paper towel traps were used to estimate the mite population before and after treatments. Mite traps were placed one week before the first fungal application and changed weekly for up to three weeks after application (-7; 0; 7; 14 and 21 days). In lab studies, B. bassiana strain Unioeste 88 was the most effective, causing 73.8% mortality and showing high conidia production (7.1 × 108 conidia/colony and 7.7 × 108 conidia/g, respectively, on PDA and rice). There was no fungal development at temperatures ranging from 35 to 45 °C. In the field test, the fungus reduced the mite population efficiently (64.8%), while the mite population increased by 281% in untreated plots. B. bassiana strain Unioeste 88 has the potential to be commercially used to control the poultry red mite.

Low-temperature storage of the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, facilitates laboratory colony maintenance and population growth

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (7) ◽  
pp. 740-746
Author(s):  
Chuanwen Wang ◽  
Xiaolin Xu ◽  
He Yu ◽  
Yu Huang ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Poultry Red Mite ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Temperature Storage

AbstractThe poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is currently the most common ectoparasite affecting egg-laying hens. Since continuous culture of D. gallinae on birds is a biologically and economically costly endeavour, storage techniques for mites are urgently needed. Effects of temperature on adult and nymph survival were first studied to optimize storage conditions. Then, fecundity of D. gallinae was studied after mites were stored at optimal storage conditions. Results showed the survival rates of protonymphs (42.11%), deutonymphs (8.19%) and females (19.78%) at 5°C after 84 days were higher than those at 0, 25 and 30°C. Thereafter the fecundity and the capability of re-establishing colonies of D. gallinae were evaluated after they were stored for 40 and 80 days at 5°C. After storage, the mean number of eggs showed no statistical difference between treated (5°C for 40 or 80 days) and control groups (25°C for 7 days), while the hatching rates of eggs were in all cases above 97%. The dynamic changes of mite populations and egg numbers showed similar trends to the control group after the stored adult or nymph mites were fed on chicks. Dermanyssus gallinae can be successfully stored at 5°C for 80 days with no interference with the fecundity of mites, and the stored mites could re-establish colonies successfully. Adults and nymphs were two main stages with capability for low temperature storage. These results suggest that low temperature storage is a viable option for colony maintenance of D. gallinae under laboratory conditions.

Laboratory and field evaluation of an autoinoculation device as a tool to manage poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, infestations with Beauveria bassiana

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Martins Nascimento ◽  
Luis Francisco Angeli Alves ◽  
Daian Guilherme Pinto de Oliveira ◽  
Rogerio Biaggioni Lopes ◽  
Ana Teresa Bittencourt Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Poultry Red Mite

Modulation of feed composition is able to make hens less attractive to the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine El Adouzi ◽  
Alfonsina Arriaga-Jiménez ◽  
Laurent Dormont ◽  
Nicolas Barthes ◽  
Agathe Labalette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Poultry Red Mite ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After

AbstractThe poultry red mite (PRM) is an obligatory haematophagous pest that causes substantial economic losses in poultry worldwide. The PRM does not live on the host but in the bird's environment and must find its host remotely. Hence, manipulating chicken odours is of interest. Several crude plant-originating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have already been shown as repellent to Dermanyssus gallinae. We aimed to test whether these VOCs can interfere with PRM host-seeking behaviour by their oral administration to the poultry. The objectives were to determine (1) if hen odours are modified by supplemented feed ingestion and (2) if such treatment makes hens less attractive to the PRM. Chemical characterization by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of the hen odour was conducted before and after the hens ingested the supplemented feed. The chromatograms obtained show that hen odour was substantially modified after the hens consumed it. Among the molecules recurrently detected from the supplemented hens, 26% were nearly absent in the unsupplemented hens. Behavioural choice tests to compare the effect of the modified and unmodified-host odours on the PRM show that some of the plant-originating emitted VOCs and the modified whole-hen odours were repellent to the PRM.

scholarly journals Comparison of Various Cold Sterilization Techniques on Routinely used Carbide Burs and Diamond Points

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Suganthi Ranganathan ◽  
Chaitra Koppal Renukanath
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study is to compare the various cold sterilization techniques for sterilizing dental burs and diamond points by assessing the microbial growth in culture media on them before and after sterilization. Materials and methods The following four disinfectants were used: 2% glutaraldehyde, 5.2% sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and 70% ethanol. There were two main groups taken as group I-carbide burs and group II-diamond burs. A total of 48 samples were collected, 12 samples per disinfectant. Each sample has two burs collected from same patient. One acts as control group which means only microbial count was deter- mined without disinfection. The other one would be determined as microbial count before and after disinfection. The microbial assessment was done using brain heart infusion (BHI) broth and counted by plating in chocolate blood agar and MacConkey agar. Results The obtained results were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and post hoc test. The results revealed that there was statistically significant difference between sodium hypochlorite and surgical spirit, sodium hypochlo- rite and hydrogen peroxide. There was no statistically significant difference between sodium hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde. Conclusion The results of this study revealed that sodium hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde are most effective than hydro- gen peroxide, and surgical spirit is the least effective disinfectant. However, there was clinical significance in level of disinfection of all four disinfectants. How to cite this article Ranganathan S, Manvi S, Gopalakrishna S, Renukanath CK. Comparison of Various Cold Sterilization Tech- niques on Routinely used Carbide Burs and Diamond Points. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(3):97-102.

scholarly journals Assessment of laying-bird welfare following acaricidal treatment of a commercial flock naturally infested with the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241608
Author(s):  
Déborah Temple ◽  
Xavier Manteca ◽  
Damián Escribano ◽  
Marina Salas ◽  
Eva Mainau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Treatment ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Poultry Red Mite ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Commercial Farm ◽  
Commercial Flock ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Water Administration ◽  
Health Parameters

The poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, a potential vector of pathogens to animals and humans, causes impaired bird welfare. A study investigated changes in behavioural variables, physiological biomarkers, and health parameters following acaricidal treatment of PRM infestation of laying hens on a commercial farm. Mite traps determined the challenge to 12,700 hens before and after drinking water administration of the acaricide, fluralaner (Exzolt®, 0.5 mg/kg; Weeks 0 and 1). Weekly daytime direct observations and night-time video recordings monitored bird behaviours from Weeks -6 through +6. Blood samples were collected from randomly-selected birds (Weeks -6, -1, and +6). Following treatment, mite count reductions (>99%) were statistically significant (P < 0.0001), as were night-time reductions in the percent of hens showing activity, preening, head scratching (all P < 0.0001), and head shaking (P = 0.0007). Significant daytime reductions were observed in preening and head scratching (both P < 0.0001), head shaking (P = 0.0389), severe feather pecking (P = 0.0002), and aggressive behaviour (P = 0.0165). Post-treatment, comb wounds were significantly reduced (P = 0.0127), and comb colour was significantly improved (P < 0.0001). Heterophil/lymphocyte ratio was significantly reduced at Weeks 1 and 6 (P = 0.0009 and P < 0.0001, respectively). At Week 6, blood corticosterone (P = 0.0041) and total oxidant status (P < 0.0001) were significantly reduced, and haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin significantly increased (P < 0.0001). Farm production records indicated that those post-treatment improvements were accompanied by significant reductions in weekly mortality rate (P = 0.0169), and significant recovery in mean weekly egg weights (P < 0.0001) and laying rate (P < 0.0001). The improvements in behavioural variables, physiological biomarkers, and health parameters that were observed following the elimination of PRM on a commercial farm indicate that infestations can be a cause of reduced hen welfare.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of Stomoxys calcitransagainst Beauveria bassiana sensu lato isolates

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Rodrigues de Moraes ◽  
Cristiane Martins Cardoso de Salles ◽  
Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro Bittencourt ◽  
Avelino José Bittencourt
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Solid Culture ◽  
Fungal Development ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Exposure Method ◽  
Solid Culture Medium

This study had the aims of evaluating the antimicrobial characteristics of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae against the fungal isolates CG138, CG228 and ESALQ986 of Beauveria bassiana sensu lato (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin, 1912 (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae). S. calcitrans eggs, larvae and pupae were exposed to these same isolates. Statistical analysis showed that the immature stages of S. calcitrans were not susceptible to the fungal isolates used, regardless of the exposure method. Diffusion test on solid culture medium reveled that macerated S. calcitrans larvae exposed to isolate CG138 reduced CG138 fungal development. The analysis of the chromatographic profiles indicated that the macerate or mucus of larvae of the control group and the groups exposed to the isolate CG138 presented different profiles. Reduced development of the isolate CG138 on the larvae cuticle was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy.

scholarly journals Senam Prolanis Menurunkan Tekanan Darah Lansia Penderita Hipertensi

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Adha Reza Fahlevi ◽  
Agung Riyadi ◽  
Mardiani Mardiani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Before And After

Hypertension is the cause of death of about 12.8% of total deaths in the world. Based on data obtained from Talang Tinggi Public Health Center in 2017 the number of elderly people with hypertension reached 223 people, one of the handling that can control blood pressure is gymnastics. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of Prolanis gymnastics (Chronic Disease Management Program) to blood pressure elderly patients with hypertension.This research was an analytic study with quasi experiment. The sample was a mild hypertension patient with age ≥ 60 years old, amounting to 34 people consisting of 17 people in the intervention group and 17 people in the control group. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. Data analysis was used wilcoxon and mann-whitney test.The results of this study showed that there was an effect between Prolanis gymnastics on decline blood pressure of elderly hypertension patients in the intervention group before and after Prolanis gymnastics with p value of systolic blood pressure (p=0.001), p value of diastolic blood pressure (p=0.001). Prolanis gymnastics beneficial for elderly people with hypertension to control and manage the disease experienced. Prolanis gymnastics is expected to be active as a hypertension control program.

Life cycle of the predatory mite Cheyletus malaccensis (Acari: Cheyletidae) fed on Poultry Red Mite Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maicon Toldi ◽  
Daiâni Cristina Cardoso Faleiro ◽  
Guilherme Liberato Da Silva ◽  
Noeli Juarez Ferla
Keyword(s):  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Poultry Red Mite ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cheyletus Malaccensis ◽  
Capacity For Increase

This study evaluated the biological characteristics of predatory mite Cheyletus malaccensis fed on Dermanyssus gallinae at different temperatures. The study started with thirty individual eggs of C. malaccensis each isolated in an experimental unit, which developed throughout their life stages while feeding on D. gallinae at each temperature tested (20ºC, 25ºC and 30±1ºC and 80±5% relative humidity). Emerged adult females were not mated, thus producing only male offspring (arrhenotoky). Fecundity was the highest at 25°C (415.62±24.78 eggs/female) and lowest at 20°C followed at 30ºC. The mean length of a generation did not displayed difference among the three temperatures, but the net reproductive rate (Ro), innate capacity for increase (rm) finite increase rate (λ) were significantly higher at 30°C and lower at 20°C. Cheyletus malaccensis was able to develop and reproduce successfully when fed D. gallinae, and the optimum temperature for development, fertility and survival was 25°C. Our findings proved that C. malaccensis might be a natural enemy of D. gallinae, because it was able to develop and reproduce while feeding exclusively on this ectoparasite. 

scholarly journals Management of the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, using silica-based acaricides

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-254
Author(s):  
Christian Ulrichs ◽  
Young Jong Han ◽  
Magdi T. Abdelhamid ◽  
Inga Mewis
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Product ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Mite Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Poultry Red Mite ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Chicken Farm

Abstract Four silica-based acaricides were examined in laboratory tests for their effectiveness against poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae. All acaricides resulted in 100% mite mortality. Two groups of active ingredients could be differentiated. The products Silicosec® and Ewazid®, based on naturally occurring diatomaceous earth (DE), killed 100% of adult D. gallinae within 48 h exposure time. The time to kill 50% of the mites (LT50) was calculated to be 31.7 and 34.9 h, respectively. The other two products, containing aggregates and agglomerates of pyrogenic synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide as active ingredients, killed the mites in a significantly shorter time: LT50 was 6.3 h for the liquid product Fossil Shield® Instant White and 11.8 h for the powdery product Fossil Shield 90.0 White. This is more remarkable as the quantities of active ingredients used for the DE treatments were several folds higher. The effectiveness of all tested products was also shown in practical tests. A professional company treated five chicken houses on one farm in the Berlin–Brandenburg region with the test products, three houses with Fossil Shield Instant White and one each with Ewazid and Silicosec. Over a period of 46 weeks after stocking, the mite development in the houses was assessed. Only in one of the houses, treated with Fossil Shield Instant White, the mite population remained permanently low. In two houses treated with Fossil Shield Instant White, small mite colonies appeared in week 36, which were controlled by a follow-up spot treatment in week 41. In the houses treated with DE, the first mite colonies appeared 12 weeks after stocking. The number increased continuously over the experimental period and in week 31 after stocking there were clearly visible colonies (2–3 cm diameter) and the first mites could also be detected on the chicken eggs. At this time both houses were treated again with a follow-up spot-treatment, which only led to a slight improvement in one house and to a stabilization of the infestation in the other house. In week 41, large mite colonies were detected in both houses. A spot treatment at this point was ineffective in reducing the infestation. The tests showed faster acaricidal action of the products with the synthetic active ingredients compared to the natural DE-based products. This matches the shorter killing times under laboratory conditions. The experiments in a commercial chicken farm showed that it is possible to control the mite population for a period of 46 weeks by using physically effective SiO2-based products. These products are therefore an effective alternative to the use of chemical acaricides.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document