Biological parameters and host preference of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) on different Pleurotus ostreatus cultivars

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Qiang Hou ◽  
Jun Jie Liu ◽  
Hui Ping Li ◽  
Xin Luo ◽  
Lin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Tyrophagus Putrescentiae ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Mushroom Yield ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mite Mortality

Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae) is a destructive pest of edible fungi. Different species of edible fungi have variable effects on the growth, development and fecundity of T. putrescentiae, but it is unclear whether these effects exist in the same species. We used nine cultivars of the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) to evaluate the development and reproduction parameters of T. putrescentiae at 26 ± 1°C and 80 ± 5% humidity. Different P. ostreatus cultivars had significant effects on the immature stages, female fertility, and reproductive lifespan. Total egg-to-adult development time ranged from 10.0 ± 1.2 d (on Po389 cultivar) to 12.5 ± 1.0 d (on Po62 cultivar). Mite mortality ranged from 54.3 ± 4.2% (on Po86 cultivar) to 100.0 ± 0.0% (on Po62 cultivar). The number of eggs laid per female ranged from 3.2 ± 0.4 (on Po45 cultivar) to 9.1 ± 1.1 (on Po86 cultivar). The average lifespan of females ranged from 3.0 ± 0.5 d (on Po45 cultivar) to 16.3 ± 1.7 d (on Po86 cultivar). Host preference of the mite was significantly different among the nine cultivars with a preference for cultivars Po65, Po80, Po389, and Po86. These results indicate that P. ostreatus cultivars significantly affect the biology of T. putrescentiae and the relationship between mite damage and mushroom yield.

scholarly journals Does exposure of maleDrosophila melanogasterto acute gamma radiation influence egg to adult development time and longevity of F1-F3offspring?

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mohamed Shameer ◽  
K. Sowmithra ◽  
B. P. Harini ◽  
R. C. Chaubey ◽  
S. K. Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Development Time

scholarly journals Hypoxia-inducible factor–1 and associated upstream and downstream proteins in the pathophysiology and management of glioblastoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. E8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Womeldorff ◽  
David Gillespie ◽  
Randy L. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 ◽  
Poor Patient ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Upstream Regulators

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with an exceptionally poor patient outcome despite aggressive therapy including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. This aggressive phenotype may be associated with intratumoral hypoxia, which probably plays a key role in GBM tumor growth, development, and angiogenesis. A key regulator of cellular response to hypoxia is the protein hypoxia-inducible factor–1 (HIF-1). An examination of upstream hypoxic and nonhypoxic regulation of HIF-1 as well as a review of the downstream HIF-1–regulated proteins may provide further insight into the role of this transcription factor in GBM pathophysiology. Recent insights into upstream regulators that intimately interact with HIF-1 could provide potential therapeutic targets for treatment of this tumor. The same is potentially true for HIF-1–mediated pathways of glycolysis-, angiogenesis-, and invasion-promoting proteins. Thus, an understanding of the relationship between HIF-1, its upstream protein regulators, and its downstream transcribed genes in GBM pathogenesis could provide future treatment options for the care of patients with these tumors.

Identifying pathogenic determinants of Acidovorax citrulli toward the control of bacterial fruit blotch of cucurbits

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingyu Zhao ◽  
Saul Burdman ◽  
Ronald Walcott ◽  
Tal Pupko ◽  
Gregory Welbaum
Keyword(s):  
Host Preference ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Fruit Blotch ◽  
Group I ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Bacterial Genes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The specific objectives of this BARD proposal were: Use a comparative genomics approach to identify T3Es in group I, II and III strains of A. citrulli. Determine the bacterial genes contributing to host preference. Develop mutant strains that can be used for biological control of BFB. Background to the topic: Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of cucurbits, caused by Acidovoraxcitrulli, is a devastating disease that affects watermelon (Citrulluslanatus) and melon (Cucumismelo) production worldwide, including both Israel and USA. Three major groups of A. citrullistrains have been classified based on their virulence on host plants, genetics and biochemical properties. The host selection could be one of the major factors that shape A. citrullivirulence. The differences in the repertoire of type III‐ secreted effectors (T3Es) among the three A. citrulligroups could play a major role in determining host preferential association. Currently, there are only 11 A. citrulliT3Es predicted by the annotation of the genome of the group II strain, AAC00‐1. We expect that new A. citrulliT3Es can be identified by a combination of bioinformatics and experimental approaches, which may help us to further define the relationship of T3Es and host preference of A. citrulli.   Implications, both scientific and agricultural: Enriching the information on virulence and avirulence functions of T3Es will contribute to the understanding of basic aspects of A. citrulli‐cucurbit interactions. In the long term, it will contribute to the development of durable BFB resistance in commercial varieties. In the short term, identifying bacterial genes that contribute to virulence and host preference will allow the engineering of A. citrullimutants that can trigger SAR in a given host. If applied as seed treatments, these should significantly improve the effectiveness and efficacy of BFB management in melon and atermelon production. 

The molecular through ecological genetics of abnormal abdomen in Drosophila mercatorum. VI. The non-neutrality of the Y chromosome rDNA polymorphism.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 1373-1384
Author(s):  
H Hollocher ◽  
A R Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Ecological Genetics ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Drosophila Mercatorum ◽  
Rdna Polymorphism ◽  
Male Expression

Abstract An association between quantitative variation of rDNA on the Y chromosome and male expression of the juvenilized, adult cuticle of the abnormal abdomen syndrome has been found for Drosophila mercatorum. Many pleiotropic effects of this syndrome have been described previously for females, but little was known about possible pleiotropic effects in males. The effects on males open up new avenues for the action of natural selection operating on the system. In females, the syndrome causes an increase in egg-to-adult development time, precocious sexual maturation, increased fecundity and decreased longevity. In addition to the cuticle phenotype, in males abnormal abdomen causes delayed sexual maturation, increased longevity, and decreased mating success, yet no change in egg-to-adult development time. Thus the syndrome has opposing fitness effects in the two sexes, which may help explain the genetic polymorphism observed in this system. Although investigated intensively, associations between naturally occurring Y-linked polymorphism and fitness phenotypes have not been found in Drosophila melanogaster.

Life-History Data of a Mexican Population of Triatoma nitida (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Alejandro Martínez-Ibarra ◽  
Tzintli Meraz-Medina ◽  
Benjamin Nogueda-Torres ◽  
María E Villagrán-Herrera ◽  
Jose A de Diego-Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Vectorial Capacity ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Blood Meals ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract This study reports the third collection of Triatoma nitida Usinger in Mexico, with a brief description of the collection area and an investigation of parameters related to its vectorial capacity. Whether a triatomine (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) species is a primary or secondary vector is determined by factors that include vectorial capacity, anthropophilic habits, geographic distribution, and capacity to invade and colonize human dwellings. However, when the primary vectors are removed, secondary vectors, such as T. nitida, can become important transmitters of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas to humans. To estimate the vectorial capacity of T. nitida, the egg-to-adult development time, number of blood meals required to molt to the adult stage, accumulative mortality, onset time for feeding, and feeding and defecation times were examined. Triatoma nitida (n = 100) required a median of 590 d to complete its development time, with a median of 31 blood meals. Almost half (46.5%) of the nymphs died during the cycle. The onset of feeding time exceeded 5 min in all nymphal instars (except on fourth-instar) and adults and feeding times exceeded 22 min in all instars, except on first-instar nymphs. No defecation was observed for 65.6% (n = 383) of the triatomines during a 30-min observation period. Based on the six parameters, the vectorial capacity of T. nitida should be considered as low. However, surveillance programs should include this species because the potential importance of T. nitida as a vector has been demonstrated in other countries.

THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF FILTER PRESS CAKE ON PINEAPPLE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND PRODUCTION I. EFFECT ON THE PLANT CROP

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-280
Author(s):  
Ernesto Hernández-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Iron And Manganese ◽  
Plant Crop

This paper reports the results obtained in studies carried out to establish the relationship between iron and manganese imbalance in the soil and remedial treatments on pineapple growth, development, and production. In addition to lime carbonate, organic matter in the form of filter press cake was also tested as a soil remedial treatment.

Re-description and biology of Parastethynium maxwelli (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of Zophiuma lobulata (Hemiptera: Lophopidae), and description of a new species of Parastethynium from Indonesia

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2733 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN T. HUBER ◽  
CATHERINE W. GITAU ◽  
GEOFF M. GURR ◽  
CHARLES F. DEWHURST ◽  
MURRAY J. FLETCHER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Development Time ◽  
First Record ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
A New Species

Both sexes of Parastethynium maxwelli (Girault), a parasitoid of Zophiuma lobulata Ghauri eggs on coconut and oil palm in Papua New Guinea, are described and illustrated. The second known species in the genus Parastethynium, P. hirsutum Huber sp. n., from Indonesia (Sulawesi) is also described. The latter represents the first record from the Oriental region. The basic biology of P. maxwelli is presented. Mean progeny produced per female was 57 with a female proportion of 0.59. Mean egg to adult development time was 11 days, at 24.5 o C−29.7 o C and 72−93% relative humidity. Survival time of females and males fed on honey and water was longer compared to males and differed significantly with those provided with water only or nothing at all.

Technology, Economic Growth and the Professional Engineer

1988 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Oscar Roith
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Engineer ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Process Industry ◽  
Professional Engineer ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
The Relationship

The President describes the relationship between technology and the prosperity of our society, and outlines the essential role of the engineer in contributing to this prosperity. He reviews his career in industry and Government and the key contribution of engineering to the growth, development and commercial success of the oil and petrochemical industry. By means of some case studies he illustrates the role of the mechanical engineer in a process industry.

Development and larval diapause in the southern African dung beetle Onitis caffer Boheman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope B. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
The Third ◽  
Larval Diapause

AbstractThe development of Onitis caffer Boheman in cattle dung was studied in the laboratory. The larvae feed on the dung in which the eggs are laid. Egg to adult development at 25°C was completed in 24·7 weeks by a strain from a winter rainfall (WR) area of South Africa and 29·4 weeks by a strain from a summer rainfall (SR) area, and occurred without diapause. Maximum larval dry weight was achieved mid-way through the third larval instar, after which the larva emptied much of its gut to form a protective faecal shell, in which pupation occurred. At 20°C, 20% of WR larvae developed without diapause and the adults emerged after 33·5 weeks, whereas the remaining 80% of adults emerged after 80·1 weeks. In the SR strain, 70% emerged after 37·1 weeks without having entered diapause, while the remaining 30% emerged after 83·8 weeks. Thus, the period of diapause for both strains was 47 weeks and occurred in the third larval instar. At 15°C, 74% of WR larvae had pupated by 153 weeks, with a mean development time of 121·8 weeks. Zero development temperatures were 10·4°C (WR) and 10·1°C (SR), and day-degree requirements for development without diapause at 20°C were 2251 (WR) and 2571 (SR).

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