scholarly journals Parasites in Spanish populations of Psammodromus algirus (Algerian sand lizard, lagartija colilarga) and Psammodromus occidentalis (Western sand lizard, lagarto de arena occidental) (Squamata, Lacertidae, Gallotiinae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D Busack ◽  
CHARLES R. BURSEY ◽  
Lance A Durden
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Internal Parasites ◽  
Spanish Populations ◽  
Nematode Diversity ◽  
Psammodromus Algirus ◽  
Sand Lizard ◽  
Haemaphysalis Punctata

Psammodromus algirus from Madrid, Ávila, and Cádiz provinces, Spain, and P. occidentalis from Cádiz province were examined for the presence of external and internal parasites.  Among those parasites represented were: Ixodes inopinatus (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Acari, Ixodidae); Haemaphysalis punctata (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Acari, Ixodidae);  Skrjabinelazia cf. taurica (Nematoda, Secernentea, Ascaridida, Seuratidae); Spauligodon carbonelli (Nematoda: Secernentea, Oxyurida, Pharyngodonidae); Parapharyngodon psammodromi (Nematoda, Secernentea, Oxyurida, Pharyngodonidae); Abbreviata abbreviata (Nematoda,  Secernentea, Physalopteroidea, Physalopteridae); Mesocestoides sp. (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Mesocestoididae); and Oochoristica cf. tuberculata (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda,  Cyclophyllidea, Davaineidae). Details regarding localities from which host species were collected, numbers of parasites and sites of attachment, and estimates of prevalence and intensities of infection are presented. Nematode diversity, along with parasite prevalence, parasitaemia, and relationship to elevation are also discussed. A table of Psammodromus parasites in Spain is also included.

scholarly journals Host species, and not environment, predicts variation in blood parasite prevalence, distribution, and diversity along a humidity gradient in northern South America

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3800-3814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo C. Pulgarín-R ◽  
Juan P. Gómez ◽  
Scott Robinson ◽  
Robert E. Ricklefs ◽  
Carlos Daniel Cadena
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Humidity Gradient ◽  
Northern South America

Plasmodium prevalence across avian host species is positively associated with exposure to mosquito vectors

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 142 (13) ◽  
pp. 1612-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW C. I. MEDEIROS ◽  
ROBERT E. RICKLEFS ◽  
JEFFREY D. BRAWN ◽  
GABRIEL L. HAMER
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Avian Host ◽  
Vector Borne

SUMMARYThe prevalence of vector-borne parasites varies greatly across host species, and this heterogeneity has been used to relate infectious disease susceptibility to host species traits. However, a few empirical studies have directly associated vector-borne parasite prevalence with exposure to vectors across hosts. Here, we use DNA sequencing of blood meals to estimate utilization of different avian host species by Culex mosquitoes, and relate utilization by these malaria vectors to avian Plasmodium prevalence. We found that avian host species that are highly utilized as hosts by avian malaria vectors are significantly more likely to have Plasmodium infections. However, the effect was not consistent among individual Plasmodium taxa. Exposure to vector bites may therefore influence the relative number of all avian Plasmodium infections among host species, while other processes, such as parasite competition and host-parasite coevolution, delimit the host distributions of individual Plasmodium species. We demonstrate that links between avian malaria susceptibility and host traits can be conditioned by patterns of exposure to vectors. Linking vector utilization rates to host traits may be a key area of future research to understand mechanisms that produce variation in the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens among host species.

scholarly journals Appréciation de l’état de santé et Prévalence des parasites internes et de la Peste-Des- Petits-Ruminants chez les ovins dans la Commune Rurale de Thiou (Yatenga) au Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Vol 41.2 ◽  
pp. 6881-6895
Author(s):  
Salimata POUSGA ◽  
Boukary NANA ◽  
Vinsoun MILLOGO ◽  
Hassane Bismark NACRO
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Internal Parasite ◽  
Internal Parasites ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
The Village

Le but de cette étude était de faire la recherche-diagnostique de certaines pathologies ovines. Pour cela, une enquête a été réalisée auprès de 100 éleveurs répartis dans 5 villages, suivis de prélèvement de fèces et de sang dans trois villages pour la coproscopie et la sérologie. Au total 150 prélèvements de sang et de fèces ont été analysés. Les problèmes cutanés, les lésions de pattes et les diarrhées ont étés les principaux symptômes de maladies décrits par les éleveurs. Une prévalence d’infestation parasitaire moyenne de 86,7 % et un nombre moyen d’Œuf Par Gramme de fèces de 1149 ± 706 ont été trouvés. Des prévalences de 31,6%, 85,0 % et 3,33 %, ont été trouvées respectivement pour les Nématodes, les Coccidies et les Cestodes (P < 0, 05). La prévalence était de 44,2% pour les âges compris entre16 et 24 mois et de 7,70% pour les âges inferieurs à 15 mois (P < 0,05). La prévalence des infestations a été plus élevée dans le village de Nomon (36,5%) contre 30,7 et 32,7 % pour les villages de Nodin et Thiou. Une séroprévalence de 36,7% a été trouvé pour la Peste-Des -Petits Ruminants. La prévalence était plus élevée chez les ovins âgés de plus de 25 mois (45,5%) (P < 0,05), et le village de Nodin à présenté une séroprévalence plus élevée (59,1 %) comparativement à Thiou (22,7%) et Nomon (18,2%) (P < 0,05). Il a été conclu que les coccidies, les helminthes et la Peste-Des-Petits Ruminants constituent toujours des menaces chez les ovins à Thiou. Health Status Assessment, Prevalence of internal parasites and Peste-Des-Petits-Ruminants in sheep farms in the Rural Community of Thiou (Yatenga) in Burkina Faso ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of some important sheep diseases in Yatenga province of Burkina Faso. Therefore, a survey was conducted among 100 farmers in five villages, followed by faeces and blood sampling in three villages for coproscopy and serology. A total of 150 blood and faeces samples were analysed. The survey reported that skin and leg problems in addition to diarrhoea were the main disease symptoms described by the farmers. The laboratory data showed average internal parasite prevalence of 86.7% and average Oocysts per Faeces Gramm of 1149 ± 706. Prevalence of 31.6%, 85.0% and 3.33% were found for Nematodes, Coccidia and Cestodes respectively (P <0.05), and prevalence were 76.9% for females and 23.0% for males. Average OPG numbers were higher in males (2250  902) compared to females (819  259) (P <0.05). Parasite prevalence were 44.2% for sheep with ages ranging between 16 and 24 months, and 7.70% for those less than 15 months old (P <0.05). Overall parasite prevalence was higher in the village of Nomon (36.5%) against 30.7 and 32.7% for the villages of Nodin and Thiou. A seroprevalence of 36.7% was found for Peste-Des-Petits –Ruminants with a variation by sex showing 8.80% in males and 43.8% in females (P <0.05). The prevalence was higher in sheep older than 25 months compared to the other age groups (45.5%) (P <0.05). Higher seroprevalence was observed in Nodin (59.1%) compared to Thiou (22.7%) and Nomon villages (18.2%) (P <0.05). It was concluded that Coccidia, Helminths and Peste-Des-Petits –Ruminants are still threats against sheep production in Thiou.

scholarly journals Host-parasite interaction explains variation in prevalence of avian haemosporidians at the community level

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Garcia-Longoria ◽  
A. Marzal ◽  
F. de Lope ◽  
L. Z. Garamszegi
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Avian Haemosporidians ◽  
Host Parasite

ABSTRACTParasites are a selective force that shape host community structure and dynamics, but host communities can also influence parasitism. Understanding the dual nature from host-parasite interactions can be facilitated by quantifying the variation in parasite prevalence (i.e. the proportion of infected host individuals in a population) among host species and then comparing that variation to other ecological factors that are known to also shape host communities. Avian haemosporidian parasites (e.g. Plasmodium and Haemoproteus) are abundant and widespread representing an excellent model for the study of host-parasite interactions. Several geographic and environmental factors have been suggested to determine prevalence of avian haemosporidians in bird communities. However, much remains to be known regarding whether host and parasite traits, represented by phylogenetic distances among species and degree of specialization in host-parasite relationships, can influence parasite prevalence. The aims of this study were to analyze factors affecting prevalence in a bird community and to test whether the degree of parasite specialization on their hosts is determined by host traits. Our statistical analyses suggest that prevalence is mainly determined by the interaction between host species and parasite lineages where tolerance and/or susceptibility to parasites plays an essential role. Additionally, we found that although some of the parasite lineages infected a low number of bird species, the species they infected were distantly related and therefore the parasites themselves should not be considered typical host specialists. Prevalence was higher for generalist than for specialist parasites in some, but not all, host species. These results suggest that prevalence mainly results from the interaction between host immune defences and parasite exploitation strategies wherein the result of an association between particular parasite lineages and particular host species is idiosyncratic.

scholarly journals Infection byParorchis acanthus(Trematoda) decreases grazing by the keystone gastropod,Littoraria irrorata

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Digenetic Trematode ◽  
Ecosystem Stability ◽  
Grazing Behavior ◽  
Littoraria Irrorata ◽  
Ecological Influence ◽  
Parorchis Acanthus

Parasites are well-known to alter the behavior of their hosts, but there is still a paucity of knowledge about how parasites modify the behavior of many ecologically influential host species. I studied the keystone grazer, the salt marsh periwinkle(Littoraria irrorata),to determine the influence of infection by the digenetic trematode,Parorchis acanthus,on its grazing behavior. Comparative laboratory grazing studies of wild-collected and experimentally infected snails revealed thatParorchisdecreased grazing on liveSpartinaby more than 80%. Because of the large ecological influence ofLittorariain southern U.S. marshes, parasite modification of snail grazing may have ramifications for marsh ecosystem stability if parasite prevalence is sufficiently high.

Infections by the trematode Microphallus nicolli and the acanthocephalan Profilicollis altmani in relation to the reproductive condition of their intermediate host, the Pacific mole crab Emerita analoga

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-425
Author(s):  
Ritindra N. Bhaduri
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Reproductive State ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Emerita Analoga ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Do So

Abstract Parasites can dramatically influence fecundity of their hosts, so for any host species it is important to establish whether parasite infections affect host reproduction. The Pacific mole crab, Emerita analoga, commonly harbors metacercarial cysts of the trematode Microphallus nicolli and cystacanths of the acanthocephalan Profilicollis altmani. Although these helminths are known to infect primarily larger female mole crabs, they may do so disproportionately when tied to their host’s reproductive condition. This study was undertaken to examine differences in parasite prevalence and abundance between non-ovigerous and ovigerous hosts. Crabs from Del Monte Beach, Monterey, California were collected, carapace length measured, sexed, examined for parasites, and had their reproductive state noted. The vast majority of the crabs sampled were infected with at least one parasite, and over half of the crabs had both M. nicolli and P. altmani. Ovigerous females were significantly larger than non-ovigerous crabs. Prevalence of both trematode metacercarial cysts and acanthocephalan cystacanths was significantly higher in ovigerous females than in non-ovigerous ones. Egg-bearing females were also more heavily infected by both parasites than non-egg-bearing individuals. These results suggest that larger ovigerous crabs may provide greater resources and thus are able to support higher levels of infections. This study shows that neither parasite prevalence nor abundance seemed to affect egg production in E. analoga.

Haemosporidian prevalence and community composition vary little across a chickadee hybrid zone

The Auk ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari A Rice ◽  
Robert L Curry ◽  
Jason D Weckstein
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Poecile Atricapillus ◽  
Bird Parasite

Abstract Within animal hybrid zones, parasites may determine competitive outcomes between host species and thus affect hybridization dynamics. We addressed this hypothesis by evaluating haemosporidian prevalence and community composition in a rapidly moving hybrid zone between Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina Chickadees (P. carolinensis). Using molecular methods, we screened for haemosporidians in multiple chickadee populations across the hybrid zone and investigated whether parasite prevalence varied as a function of admixture among these birds. We identified 36 parasite lineages from 3 haemosporidian genera (Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon) but found no genera or lineages more likely to infect any particular chickadee taxon. Instead, haemosporidian prevalence varied across sites and seasons: Leucocytozoon was more prevalent during chickadees’ breeding season, whereas Haemoproteus prevalence peaked during nonbreeding periods. Leucocytozoon infected proportionally fewer birds at the leading edge of the hybrid zone than near its center. However, haemosporidian communities were similar among chickadee populations, and evidence for parasite exchanges between chickadee taxa was lacking. These results underscore the complexity of bird–parasite relationships and suggest that haemosporidians are unlikely to play a major role in the ongoing movement of this hybrid zone.

Application of DNA Barcoding in Taxonomy and Phylogeny: An Individual Case of COI Partial Gene Sequencing from Seven Animal Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-384
Author(s):  
M. Drohvalenko ◽  
A. Mykhailenko ◽  
M. Rekrotchuk ◽  
L. Shpak ◽  
V. Shuba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Far East ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Rock Lizard ◽  
Sand Lizard ◽  
Lacerta Agilis

Abstract A part of the COI mitochondrial barcoding gene was sequenced from seven species of different taxonomical groups: Ambystoma mexicanum (Amphibia, Ambystomatidae), Darevskia lindholmi, Lacerta agilis exigua (Reptilia, Lacertidae), Erinaceus roumanicus (Mammalia, Erinaceidae), Macrobiotus sp. 1 and 2 (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae) and Cameraria ohridella (Insecta, Gracillariidae). The sequences were compared with available sequences from databases and positioned on phylogenetic trees when the taxa had not yet been sequenced. The presence of Mexican axolotls in herpetoculture in Ukraine was confirmed. The partial COI genes of the Crimean rock lizard and an eastern sub-species of the sand lizard were sequenced. We demonstrated the presence of two tardigrade mitochondrial lineages of the Macrobiotus hufelandi group in the same sample from the Zeya Natural Reserve in the Far East: one was nearly identical to the Italian M. macrocalix, and the other one is similar to M. persimilis and M. vladimiri. We also confirmed the presence of the invasive haplotype “A” of the horse chestnut leaf miner in Ukraine, in line with the hypothesized route of invasion from Central Europe.

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