Live and dead coral cover mapping using PlanetScope image around Mandangin Island, Madura, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rozi Nasrul ◽  
Pramaditya Wicaksono ◽  
Sanjiwana Arjasakusuma
Keyword(s):  
Coral Cover ◽  
Dead Coral

scholarly journals Ecological effects of ocean acidification and habitat complexity on reef-associated macroinvertebrate communities

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1775) ◽  
pp. 20132479 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Fabricius ◽  
G. De'ath ◽  
S. Noonan ◽  
S. Uthicke
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Ecological Effects ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
Marine Communities

The ecological effects of ocean acidification (OA) from rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) on benthic marine communities are largely unknown. We investigated in situ the consequences of long-term exposure to high CO 2 on coral-reef-associated macroinvertebrate communities around three shallow volcanic CO 2 seeps in Papua New Guinea. The densities of many groups and the number of taxa (classes and phyla) of macroinvertebrates were significantly reduced at elevated CO 2 (425–1100 µatm) compared with control sites. However, sensitivities of some groups, including decapod crustaceans, ascidians and several echinoderms, contrasted with predictions of their physiological CO 2 tolerances derived from laboratory experiments. High CO 2 reduced the availability of structurally complex corals that are essential refugia for many reef-associated macroinvertebrates. This loss of habitat complexity was also associated with losses in many macroinvertebrate groups, especially predation-prone mobile taxa, including crustaceans and crinoids. The transition from living to dead coral as substratum and habitat further altered macroinvertebrate communities, with far more taxa losing than gaining in numbers. Our study shows that indirect ecological effects of OA (reduced habitat complexity) will complement its direct physiological effects and together with the loss of coral cover through climate change will severely affect macroinvertebrate communities in coral reefs.

TUTUPAN TERUMBU KARANG KABUPATEN KOTABARU PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN (STUDI KASUS PERAIRAN SEPAGAR)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Deddy Dharmaji
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Patch Reef ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Living Coral ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Coral Sand ◽  
The Village ◽  
Management And Conservation

This research aims to know the percentage of living coral cover in the village of Sepagar. The benefits of this research are as input for the parties involved in the efforts of the management and conservation of coral reefs in the waters of the village Sepagar. The results of the observation and calculation of the coral reefs is done using the method of Point Intercept Trancek (PIT) shows that the community of coral reefs in the waters of the Sepagar included in the types of coral reefs of the sandbar (patch reef). Generally burnt coral reefs grow and develop in the relatively shallow waters with depths ranging from 1-5 meters. The results showed on the three stations found 7 of the 10 components of the reef that is. Acropora (AC), Non-Acropora (NA), Dead Coral with Algae (DCA), Dead Coral (DC), Soft Coral Sand (SC) (S), and the Rubble (R). Component not found is Fleshy Seawed (FS), Rock (RK) and Silt (SL). At station 1, the total percentage of living coral closure (living cover) by 51.4%, In station 2 of 55,3 % , and in station 3 of 51.3 % .The percentage the coral lived in waters sepagar in good not far different the percentage the coral live in every station.

scholarly journals KONDISI EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG DI PERAIRAN KRUENG RAYA, KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Nurul Najmi ◽  
M Rizki Fazillah ◽  
Muhammad Agustiar
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Coral Mortality ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystem ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Mortality Index ◽  
Malacca Strait ◽  
Reef Ecosystem

This study aims to analyze the condition of the coral reef ecosystem including the substrate, genus composition, and the level of coral mortality in the waters of the Malacca Strait, Masjid Raya District, Aceh Besar District. The research was conducted from October 2016 to October 2019 in the waters of the Malacca Strait, Masjid Raya District, Aceh Besar District. The research site is divided into three stations consisting of Lhok Mee Station, Ahmad Rhang Manyang and Benteng Inong Balee Station. Data were collected using the Point Intercept Transect method. The results showed that the condition of coral reefs at Lhok Mee Station was in the damaged category with coral cover ranging from 6.56% - 13.44%. Ahmad Rhang Manyang Station is included in the moderate to good category with coral cover ranging from 38.75% - 67.19%. Meanwhile, Benteng Inong Balee Station is included in the medium category with coral cover ranging from 45.94% - 56.88%. The monitoring results found that 30 coral genera with the highest composition of the coral genera came from the Porites genus, while other coral genera were unevenly distributed. The value of the mortality index for Lhok Mee Station shows a high increase in mortality of live coral to dead coral. Meanwhile, Ahmad Rhang Manyang and Benteng Inong Balee stations have low coral mortality index values.

Suitability of the manta tow technique for estimating relative and absolute abundances of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci L. ) and corals

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Moran ◽  
G De'ath
Keyword(s):  
Coral Cover ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
Acanthaster Planci ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
Large Coral ◽  
Broad Scale

The manta tow technique has been used mainly for broad-scale surveys of large coral reef systems. The present study comprised two separate investigations of the technique. One involved investigating its repeatability by comparing the performance of three observers towed together along a reef. The other compared the counts of crown-of-thorns starfish from manta tow and SCUBA swim surveys undertaken within 30 large areas on eight reefs. Overall, the technique was found to be highly repeatable, particularly for crown-of-thorns starfish and live coral cover. It was less repeatable for assessing the cover of dead coral, although this was still within acceptable limits. A strong statistical relationship (r2adj = 0.91) was found between the starfish counts obtained from manta tows and those obtained from SCUBA swim surveys. Consequently, the former can be calibrated to predict the latter. The crown-of-thorns starfish is known to be cryptic and to have an aggregated distribution. However, the present study showed that the manta tow technique is a reasonably accurate and cost-effective option for determining relative changes in the distribution and abundance of noncryptic starfish where the unit of interest is a whole reef (or a large part thereof). As a comparison, approximately 14 manta tows (each lasting 2 min) will give the same level of accuracy as 10 SCUBA swim surveys of the same fixed area. The sensitivity of the manta tow technique in detecting relative changes in abundance will depend on the number of tows that are conducted. As a guide, however, a typical manta tow survey (involving approximately 50-60 tows) is capable of detecting a 20% change in the abundance of an out-breaking population of crown-of-thorns starfish. Given these findings, the manta tow technique also may be useful for assessing relative changes in the distribution and abundance of other organisms.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORAL REEFS CONDITION WITH THE EXISTENCE OF ORNAMENTAL CORALS IN SALEH BAY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA

Jurnal Segara ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofri Johan ◽  
Yulius Yulius ◽  
Hadiwijaya Lesmana Salim ◽  
Idil Ardi ◽  
Muhammad Abrar
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
Exact Location ◽  
Belt Transect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Line Intercept

The ornamental corals as trade target are imported from West Nusa Tenggara. This province is a collection zone for ornamental corals, but rarely conduct coral condition monitoring and also observation of the existence of ornamental corals. The purpose of this study was to get data of ornamental corals existence and coral reefs conditions in Saleh Bay. Research was conducted on May 6–11, 2015 at 6 locations based on the distance from the mainland with the representation of two representative spots on each location,  such as in-shore, mid-shore and off-shore. The research used line intercept transect method to obtain coral reefs condition data and the belt transect method to obtain the ornamental corals data. The results obtained were as follows: coral reefs condition were in good condition with the life coral cover was above 50%, except at station 4 (mid-shore). Acropora colonies were more common in off-shore locations (station 5 and 6). The substrate was dominated by rubble and dead coral with algae (DCA). The trade-targeted ornamental corals were found in 28 genera, such as Euphyllia glabrescens, Euphyllia cristata, Euphyllia ancora, Echinophora sp., Goniopora sp., Lobophyllia sp., Physogyra sp., Merulina sp. and Turbinaria sp. Because of the low existence of ornamental corals at observation sites, collaborative observation with ornamental corals collectors should be conducted for determining the exact location of ornamental corals collecting zones.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of Associated Megabenthic Invertebrate of Corall Reef Ecosystem of Petong Island Batam Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 934 (1) ◽  
pp. 012070
Author(s):  
Y I Siregar ◽  
S Nasution ◽  
R Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Density ◽  
Giant Clam ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
Management Area ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Reef Ecosystem

Abstracts Global warming and climate changes were of the main environmental concern of marine scientist in the last three decade. As a biodiversity hotspot, marine coastal ecosystem faced an environmental threat because of increasing sea surface temperature (SST) and land base effluent, which in turn had an impact on the biodiversity of megabenthic faunal on coral reef community. The present paper studied the current condition of reef ecosystem as well as biodiversity of megabenthic community in Petong Island, a core zone of Batam Marine Management Area (BMMA), Riau Archipelago Province. Gradual changes of physical and chemical properties of seawater originated from coastal activities presumably has caused an effect on benthic faunal community structure. It revealed that benthic lifeform coral cover account for 30,53%, categorized into fairly good, whereas abiotic sand cover of 16,53%. The lifeform consists of Acropora (AC)1.73% and non-Acropora 28,80%. Death coral with algae (DCA) account for 40,40% and death corall (DC) 2,80%, Soft Corall (SC) 1,20%, fleshy seaweed (FS) 0,07%, other fauna (OT) 1,47%, and rubble (R) 7,00%. Apparently, only 4 of target species megabenthic fauna from eight, were eccounterred including; seaurchin (Diadema sp.), topshell (Drupella sp.), giant clam (Tridacna sp.), trochus (Trochus sp.), with density of each megabenthic fauna calculated 5929, 1857, 71 and 71 ind/ha, respectively. It appeared that sea urchin were the highest density and followed by topshell (Drupella sp). Sea urchin were noted as a bioindicator of reef ecosystem health. High density of sea urchin may indicate that reef in unhealthy state. The presence of Diadema Sitosum indicate that dead coral were present and it feed on algae growing in dead coral. High density of sea urchin may indicate that reef in unhealthy state

scholarly journals KOMPARASI POLA SPASIAL KONDISI TERUMBU KARANG TAMAN NASIONAL KARIMUNJAWA

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
M Munasik ◽  
Andy Ahmad Romadhoni ◽  
Muhammad Helmi
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
National Park ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
Coral Rubble ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Protection Zone

ABSTRACTComparative studies on the percentage of coral reef substrate cover have been carried out in 3 (three) management zones (protection zone, utilization and Non-MPA) Karimunjawa National Park (KNP). The Manta Tow broadscale coral reef assessment method was applied to the north side of Bengkoang Island and the south side of Cemara Besar Island (protection zone), southern side of Bengkoang Island and northern side of Cemara Besar Island (utilization zone) and Non-MPA (Seruni Island) to observe live coral cover, dead coral, coral rubble and soft coral. Substrate cover variations from 10-12 towing (track length 200m) from each side of the island have formed a spatial pattern of coral reef conditions. Furthermore, the condition of the coral reefs was confirmed using the UPT (Underwater Photo Transect) detailed assessment method with one station on each side of the island. The results showed that there were differences in the spatial pattern of coral reef conditions as indicated by significant differences in the percentage of live coral cover, dead coral, rubble and coral lifeform among management zones of the KNP. The condition of coral reefs of the MPA is better and has a higher diversity of coral species than Non-MPA of the Karimunjawa National Park. The spatial pattern of coral reef conditions can be used as an indicator of disturbances in the coral reef ecosystem and can be used for periodic analysis of coral reef monitoring data in conservation areas.Keywords: spatial pattern, coral reef condition, manta tow, underwater photo transect, Karimunjawa National Park.ABSTRAKStudi perbandingan persentase tutupan substrat terumbu karang telah di lakukan pada 3 (tiga) zona pengelolaan (zona perlindungan, pemanfaatan dan luar kawasan) Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Metode penilaian terumbu karang skala luas Manta Tow diaplikasikan di sisi utara P. Bengkoang dan sisi selatan P. Cemara Besar (zona perlindungan), sisi selatan P. Bengkoang dan sisi utara P. Cemara Besar (zona pemanfaatan) dan luar kawasan (P. Seruni) untuk mengamati tutupan karang hidup, karang mati, pecahan karang dan karang lunak. Variasi persentase tutupan substrat dari 10-12 tarikan Manta Tow (panjang lintasan 200m) dari masing-masing sisi pulau telah membentuk pola spasial kondisi terumbu karang. Selanjutnya penilaian kondisi terumbu karang dikonfirmasi dengan menggunakan metode penilaian rinci UPT (Underwater Photo Transect) dengan satu stasiun setiap sisi pulau. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan pola spasial kondisi terumbu karang yang ditunjukkan oleh perbedaan yang signifikan persentase tutupan karang hidup, karang mati, pecahan karang dan lifeform karang antar zona pengelolaan.  Kondisi terumbu karang di dalam kawasan lebih baik dan memiliki keragaman jenis karang lebih tinggi daripada di luar kawasan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Pola spasial kondisi terumbu karang dapat dijadikan indikator terjadinya gangguan pada ekosistem terumbu karang di suatu kawasan dan dapat digunakan untuk analisis data pemantauan terumbu karang secara berkala di kawasan konservasi.Kata Kunci: pola pasial, kondisi terumbu karang, manta tow, underwater photo transect, Taman Nasional Karimunjawa,

scholarly journals Kondisi Sumberdaya Ikan & Terumbu Karang di Pulau Maratua, Kabupaten Berau, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Hendrawan Syafrie
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
Edge Zone ◽  
Stony Coral

This research aims to obtain describe about the condition of coral reefs and fish around maratua island. Parameter measured to support this research are the percentages of coral cover, abundance of coral fishes, and composition the types of coral fihes. The data field survey was conducted in maratua waters on July 2014. Research sites consisting of 20 station surrounding this island. Result shows that average of coral reefs in reef edge zone in good condition with a coral covered (life coral) 61 % and hard coral composition is 55 % dan soft coral 6 %. The coral reefs covered (stony coral) about 62% in depth 3-6 meters consisting of : 36 % Acropora and 26% non acropora ; and 5% others fauna ; and dead coral abour 22 %. Fish who associated with coral inhabiting waters surrounding maratua island consist of ornamental fish and reef fish consumption, which many found are Pomacentridae, Labridae, Acanthuridae, Chaetodontidae, and Nemipteridae. Result based on field observtion was found about 33 species with diversity index (H’) average 1.57 (relatively small), Uniformity index (E) average 0.3 (depressed community), and donination Index (C) average 0.42 (low).

scholarly journals Comparison of Live Coral Cover in Central and South Bangka

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Mu'alimah Hudatwi ◽  
Umroh Umroh
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Reef Coral ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Anthropogenic Stressor ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Runoff And Sedimentation

Abstract Coral reef ecosystem has many biological, ecological, and economical functions to the universe. This ecosystem provides shelter, food, and home for many marine organisms and together they perform diverse and rich ecosystem. However, this diverse ecosystem is very susceptible to environmental change, such as climate change, ocean acidification, and other anthropogenic impact. When reef-building coral could not stand with harsh condition they will eventually die. We assume that anthropogenic stressor such as turbidity, terrestrial runoff, and sedimentation is the main problem here, because of high number of tin mining activities. Bangka and Belitung Islands are huge tin producer and has been exploited heavily by the legal and illegal miner company. The purpose of this study is to investigate the live coral cover in Central and South Bangka by using the line intercept transect to calculate the live coral, died coral, and algae in each stations. The results showed that the coral cover in Central Bangka and South Bangka has fair condition (25-40% of live stony coral). Value of live and dead coral cover was 40% with Semujur and Ketawai represent the coral cover in Central Bangka. While South Bangka has slight (1-2%) difference of live coral, dead coral, and algae cover. High number of dead coral mainly composed by dead coral overgrown by algae, allegedly caused by high turbidity and sedimentation from the anthropogenic stressor. Keywords: coral reef, coral cover, died coral, sedimentation Abstrak Perbandingan Tutupan Karang Hidup di Bangka Tengah dan SelatanEkosistem terumbu karang mempunyai fungsi biologi, ekologi, dan ekonomi yang bermanfaat bagi manusia. Ekosistem ini menyediakan tempat berlindung, makanan, dan rumah bagi organisme laut dan membentuk suatu ekosistem yang kaya dan beragam. Namun, ekosistem ini sangat rentan terhadap perubahan lingkungan, sepertiiklim, asidifikasi, dan dampak lain yang dilakukan manusia. Ketika terumbu karang tidak mampu bertahan dengan perubahan lingkungan yang ekstrim mereka akan mati. Kami menduga bahwa dampak antropogenik seperti turbiditas, runoff dari darat, dan sedimentasi merupakan penyebab utama kerusakan terumbu karang, karena banyaknya aktivitas penambangan. Kepulauan Bangka belitung adalah penghasil timah terbesar dan telah dieksploitasi oleh penambang timah legal maupun ilegal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tutupan karang hidup di Provinsi Bangka Tengah dan Bangka Selatan dengan menggunakan metode traksek garis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terumbu karang di Bangka Tengah dan Selatan termasuk kategori sedang (25- 40% tutupan karang). Tutupan karang hidup dan karang mati di Bnagka Tengah sebesar 40% dari hasill pengamatan di Semujur dan Ketawai. Sedangkan nilai tutupan karang hidup, karang mati, dan alga di Bangka Selatan mempunyai angka perbedaan yang rendah (1-2%). Tingginya tutupan karang mati tersusun oleh karang mati yyang ditumbuhi alga yang disebabkan oleh turbiditas dan sedimentasi.Kata Kunci: karang mati, terumbu karang, tutupan karang, sedimentasi

Effects of training on observer performance in assessing benthic cover by means of the manta tow technique

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Miller ◽  
G De'ath
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Observer Performance ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
Acanthaster Planci ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
And Training

The manta tow technique is used to obtain broadscale information on the distribution of Acanthaster planci and corals on the Great Barrier Reef. A field experiment was used to investigate how experience and training affects visual estimates of benthic cover made by observers using the manta tow technique. For live coral and sandlrubble cover, experienced observers obtained significantly higher levels of precision in their estimates than inexperienced observers; training increased the precision of these estimates for both experienced and inexperienced observers. Dead coral cover was sparse (<5%), making it difficult to assess the performance of the manta tow technique for this form of benthic cover. For both live and dead coral, and for sandlrubble, the levels of agreement between observers exceeded that expected by chance by between 5 to 1 and 10 to 1.

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