Physical Activity Experiences of Boys with and Without ADHD

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Harvey ◽  
Greg Reid ◽  
Gordon A. Bloom ◽  
Kerri Staples ◽  
Natalie Grizenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
Attention To Detail

Physical activity experiences of 12 age-matched boys with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were explored by converging information from Test of Gross Motor Development-2 assessments and semistructured interviews. The knowledge-based approach and the inhibitory model of executive functions, a combined theoretical lens, enabled the description of similarities and differences in experiences that emerged during interviews. Skill assessments indicated boys with ADHD were not as proficient movers as their peers without ADHD. Thematic analysis revealed that boys with ADHD reported playing with friends, paid little attention to detail, possessed superficial knowledge about movement skills, and expressed many negative feelings about physical activity. Task-specific interventions and a wider range of mixed methods research are recommended for future research studies in ADHD.

scholarly journals How can we improve knowledge and perceptions of menstruation? A mixed-methods research study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayoung Moon ◽  
Inkyung Kim ◽  
Habhin Kim ◽  
Suwan Choe ◽  
Soyeon Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Information Service ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Menstrual Products

Abstract Background Traditionally, menstrual education has consisted of lectures directed toward women. The objective of this study was to design an innovative menstrual education (ME) program that reflects the needs of both young women and men, and verify its effectiveness. Methods A mixed-method design was used to determine the program needs and assess young adults’ knowledge and perceptions of menstruation and menstrual products. Focus group interviews were conducted with 14 young adults, and 150 young adults participated in an online survey. After developing the ME program, 10 young adults participated in a study to verify its effectiveness. Results Interview results showed young adults wanted more information about menstrual products. The online survey revealed significant differences in knowledge based on participants’ general characteristics and experience; exposure to menstruation and menstrual products positively impacted knowledge and perception. In addition, the results indicated young adults wanted ME content access via mobile and in-person modalities, designed for both genders, drawing on menstrual experts’ knowledge. Based on these results, a multi-experimental menstrual education (MEME) program was designed and included: hands-on exposure to 60 menstrual products, product demonstrations with a female perineal model, a YouTube video created by the researchers, a true-or-false quiz, and question-and-answer sessions with menstrual experts. Conclusions This study clarified the requirements of an innovative menstrual education program. It led to high satisfaction among participants, and improved knowledge and perceptions of menstruation and menstrual products. The online survey showed a correlation between the extent of received ME, and respondents’ perception of menstrual products. This implied that a MEME program could change perceptions when conducted systematically; by extension it could ameliorate menstruation challenges attributed to poverty. Future research could further verify the effectiveness of the MEME program, using a larger sample, and examine its suitability for incorporation into official ME curricula at universities and companies. Trial registration This trial was registered in a Clinical Research Information Service in Korea linked with the World Health Organization’s International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (WHO’s ICTRP) (no. KCT0004715), Registered 07 Feb 2020.

A Knowledge-Based Approach to Motor Development: Implications for the Physically Awkward

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Wall ◽  
M. Bouffard ◽  
J. McClements ◽  
H. Findlay ◽  
M.J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Holistic Model ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Skilled Action

Our major purpose is to develop a more holistic model of the development of skilled action that can guide our research and practical efforts to help physically awkward persons enjoy the benefits of physical activity. Based on recent research in the areas of cognitive science and cognitive development, we suggest that motor development can be viewed as the acquisition of three major types of knowledge about action: procedural, declarative, and affective. A brief discussion of how each type of knowledge about action might develop is presented. The final section examines the complementary role of knowledge and consciousness in the acquisition of skilled action and the implications of the model for physically awkward children.

scholarly journals Hispanic Male’s Perspectives of Health Behaviors Related to Weight Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1547-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Garcia ◽  
Luis A. Valdez ◽  
Steven P. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hispanic Males ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

Hispanic males have the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity among men in the United States; yet are significantly underrepresented in weight loss research. The purpose of the current study was to examine Hispanic male’s perspectives of health behaviors related to weight management to refine the methodologies to deliver a gender-sensitive and culturally sensitive weight loss intervention. From October 2014 to April 2015, semistructured interviews were conducted with 14 overweight Hispanic men of ages 18 to 64 years. The interviews lasted approximately 60 minutes. Participants also completed a brief questionnaire and body weight/height were measured. Grounded in a deductive process, a preliminary codebook was developed based on the topics included in the interview guides. A thematic analysis facilitated the identification of inductive themes and the finalization of the codebook used for transcript analysis. Four overarching themes were identified: (a) general health beliefs of how diet and physical activity behaviors affect health outcomes, (b) barriers to healthy eating and physical activity, (c) motivators for change, and (d) viable recruitment and intervention approaches. Future research should examine feasible and appropriate recruitment and intervention strategies identified by Hispanic males to improve weight management in this vulnerable group.

scholarly journals Does Perception of Motor Competence Mediate Associations between Motor Competence and Physical Activity in Early Years Children?

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Hall ◽  
Emma Eyre ◽  
Samuel Oxford ◽  
Michael Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Total

Objectives: To examine if the relationship between physical activity (PA) and actual motor competence (MC) in British early years children is mediated by their perceived MC. Design: Cross-sectional convenience observational study. Methodology: MC was assessed with six locomotor skills (LC) and six object-control skills (OC) via the Test of Gross Motor Development-2. PA was measured via a wrist-worn triaxial accelerometer and PA grouped as daily total PA (TPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Perceived MC was assessed using the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Acceptance for Young Children. A total of 38 children (63% male; 37% female) aged between 3 and 6 years (5.41 ± 0.69) completed all assessments. Mediating impacts of perceived MC on the relationships between PA and MC were explored via backwards mediation regressions. Results: There were no mediating impacts of perceived MC on the relationship between PA and actual MC. Conclusions: The relationship between actual MC and PA is not mediated by perceived MC in a small sample of British early years childhood.

What Keeps Them Going, and What Gets Them Back? Older Adults’ Beliefs About Physical Activity Maintenance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Katherine Huffman ◽  
Steve Amireault
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Change Strategies ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Promotion Of Physical Activity ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physical Activity Maintenance

Abstract Background and Objectives The overall purpose of this article was to investigate beliefs related to physical activity maintenance among adults aged 60 years or older. Research Design and Methods Study 1 identified modal, salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs using a free-response format. Study 2 was designed to gain a deeper understanding about these beliefs through in-depth semistructured interviews. Results Findings indicate that perceived physical and emotional benefits, scheduling and having a physical activity routine, social support, and features of indoor and outdoor locations are facilitating of maintenance. Some beliefs appear more relevant to sustained engagement in physical activity, while others may be more helpful for reengagement after 1 week of inactivity. Discussion and Implications This investigation raises new hypotheses for future research and provides insight for the use and adaptation of behavior change strategies that are potentially more acceptable and effective for the promotion of physical activity maintenance for older adults.

scholarly journals Investigation Into the Relationship Between Adolescents’ Perceived and Actual Fundamental Movement Skills and Physical Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (s2) ◽  
pp. S424-S439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronagh McGrane ◽  
Danielle Powell ◽  
Sarahjane Belton ◽  
Johann Issartel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Object Control ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Fundamental Movement Skills ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Confidence Scale

Objectives: To explore the relationship between fundamental movement skill (FMS) competence, perceived FMS competence, and physical activity (PA) in adolescents. Methods: The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD), the TGMD 2nd Edition (TGMD-2), and the Victorian Skills manual were used to assess FMS competence (locomotor, object control, and stability). The Physical Self Confidence scale was used to assess perceived FMS competence (locomotor, object control, and stability). Moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) was measured via accelerometry. Multi-level modelling analyses was used to examine (i) actual FMS as the predictor and perceived FMS as the outcome, (ii) perceived FMS as the predictor and MVPA as the outcome, and (iii) actual FMS as the predictor and MVPA as the outcome. All analyses were completed for each subtest of FMS (locomotor, object control, and stability). Results: A total of 584 adolescents (boys n = 278) aged 12.82–15.25 years (M = 13.78, SD = .42) participated in this study. Actual stability was associated with perceived stability (p < .01) and MVPA (p < .05) in boys. This was not found true for girls; however, actual locomotor skills were associated with MVPA (p ≤ .05). Boys scored significantly higher than girls for FMS proficiency, perceived FMS, and MVPA (p < .05). Discussion: Gender differences may exist due to cultural gender differences in sport participation norms. Considering the magnitude of physical and psychological changes occurring during adolescence, it is recommended to track young people over time to better understand the relationship between perceived and actual FMS, as well as PA participation.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: APA Research Challenges

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Harvey ◽  
Greg Reid
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Literature Base ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

The purpose of this paper is to present a critical analysis of the research methods in adapted physical activity studies about children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The strengths and weaknesses of various research methods are discussed by (a) three main types of research questions, (b) identification and description of research participants, (c) reliability and validity of assessment instruments, (d) data collection procedures, and (e) quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis. Strategies to improve research are embedded in each of the five main categories. It is concluded that substantial methodological inconsistencies exist in the current ADHD physical activity literature base. Future research would be strengthened by incorporating recommended suggestions.

Fundamental Motor Skills Across Childhood: Age, Sex, and Competence Outcomes of Brazilian Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia C. Valentini ◽  
Samuel W. Logan ◽  
Barbara C. Spessato ◽  
Mariele Santayana de Souza ◽  
Keila G. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Proficiency ◽  
Fundamental Motor Skills ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Sex And Age Differences ◽  
Brazilian Children

The objectives of this study were to examine sex and age differences in fundamental motor skills (FMS) and to describe the prevalence of low motor proficiency and mastery competence. The Test of Gross Motor Development—Second Edition was used to assess 2,377 children (3–10 years old) from eight states and 75 schools in Brazil. The results showed that (a) boys are more proficient than girls in the majority of FMS, (b) FMS development begins to plateau at age 7, (c) low motor proficiency is present at age 10 for several FMS, and (d) mastery competence was achieved by only a small number of children. These findings suggest that increased opportunities to engage in physical activity that promotes FMS competence are needed.

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