Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Aerobic Performance and Anaerobic Capacity in Elite Rowers in the Course of Endurance Training

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Chwalbiñska-Moneta
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Elite Rowers

The effect of oral creatine supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic performance was investigated in 16 elite male rowers during 7-day endurance training. Before and after the daily ingestion of 20 g creatine monohydrate for 5 days (Cr-Group, n = 8) or placebo (Pl-Group, n = 8), subjects performed two exercise tests on a rowing ergometer: (a) incremental exercise consisting of 3-min stage durations and increased by 50 W until volitional exhaustion; (b) an all-out anaerobic exercise performed against a constant load of 7 W/kg. Heart rate and blood lactate concentrations were determined during exercise and recovery. Maximal power output did not significantly differ after the treatment in either group. The mean individual lactate threshold rose significantly after Cr treatment from 314.3 ± 5.0 W to 335.6 ± 7.1 W (p < .01), as compared with 305.0 ± 6.9 W and 308.9 ± 5.9 W (ns), before and after placebo ingestion, respectively. During the anaerobic test, the athletes supplemented with creatine were able to continue rowing longer (mean increase, 12.1 ± 4.5 s; p < .01) than Pl-Group (2.4 ± 8.2 s; ns). No significant differences were found between groups in blood LA after the all-out exercise. The results indicate that in elite rowers, creatine supplementation improves endurance (expressed by the individual lactate threshold) and anaerobic performance, independent of the effect of intensive endurance training.

Influence of endurance training on muscle [PCr] kinetics during high-intensity exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. R392-R401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Jones ◽  
Daryl P. Wilkerson ◽  
Nicolas J. Berger ◽  
Jonathan Fulford
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knee Extension Exercise

We hypothesized that a period of endurance training would result in a speeding of muscle phosphocreatine concentration ([PCr]) kinetics over the fundamental phase of the response and a reduction in the amplitude of the [PCr] slow component during high-intensity exercise. Six male subjects (age 26 ± 5 yr) completed 5 wk of single-legged knee-extension exercise training with the alternate leg serving as a control. Before and after the intervention period, the subjects completed incremental and high-intensity step exercise tests of 6-min duration with both legs separately inside the bore of a whole-body magnetic resonance spectrometer. The time-to-exhaustion during incremental exercise was not changed in the control leg [preintervention group (PRE): 19.4 ± 2.3 min vs. postintervention group (POST): 19.4 ± 1.9 min] but was significantly increased in the trained leg (PRE: 19.6 ± 1.6 min vs. POST: 22.0 ± 2.2 min; P < 0.05). During step exercise, there were no significant changes in the control leg, but end-exercise pH and [PCr] were higher after vs. before training. The time constant for the [PCr] kinetics over the fundamental exponential region of the response was not significantly altered in either the control leg (PRE: 40 ± 13 s vs. POST: 43 ± 10 s) or the trained leg (PRE: 38 ± 8 s vs. POST: 40 ± 12 s). However, the amplitude of the [PCr] slow component was significantly reduced in the trained leg (PRE: 15 ± 7 vs. POST: 7 ± 7% change in [PCr]; P < 0.05) with there being no change in the control leg (PRE: 13 ± 8 vs. POST: 12 ± 10% change in [PCr]). The attenuation of the [PCr] slow component might be mechanistically linked with enhanced exercise tolerance following endurance training.

scholarly journals Physiological and Competitive Characteristics of Professional Female Futsal Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Tommy Apriantono ◽  
Samsul Bahri ◽  
Sri Ihsani Indah ◽  
Bagus Winata
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Training Team

The study purpose was to examine the anaerobic and aerobic performance and also determine the influence of the anaerobic performance on specific movements during a match-play.   Materials and methods. A total of 12 Indonesian professional female players from Bandung district female futsal club were recruited and enrolled to participate in this study. They were required to complete one familiarization and two experimental sessions. During the first session (laboratory test), all players performed a treadmill test to ascertain their maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max) and a running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) to measure their anaerobic performance. For the second session (on-court test), the participants played a simulated match on the court. A training team of 5 experts carried out an investigation regarding each player’s competitive performance per match. Furthermore, the blood lactate concentration and Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were assessed in the pre- and post-test for both sessions, which were separated by a week to enable the players to recover. Results. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the mean power (MP) and fatigue index (FI) (p = 0.425, p = 0.938, respectively) for anaerobic performance using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), although, the MP and FI of team C was lower compared to A and B. Furthermore, the total number of failed passes and shot off target of team C was larger compared to B and A (for failed passes = 30 vs 20 vs 25, for shot off target 14 vs 13 vs 8).  Conclusions. The results obtained indicate that there are strong associations between anaerobic capacity and explosive movements (shooting, tackling, heading and passing) among female futsal players.

The Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Thermoregulatory Responses during Exercise in the Heat in Endurance-Trained Humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.P. Kilduff ◽  
E. Georgiades ◽  
N. James ◽  
R.H. Minnion ◽  
M. Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Thermoregulatory Responses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Constant Load Exercise

The effects of creatine (Cr) supplementation on cardiovascular, metabolic, and thermoregulatory responses, and on the capacity of trained humans to perform prolonged exercise in the heat was examined. Endurance-trained males (n = 21) performed 2 constant-load exercise tests to exhaustion at 63 ± 5 % VO2max in the heat (ambient temperature: 30.3 ± 0.5 °C) before and after 7 d of Cr (20 g · d–1 ’ Cr + 140 g • d–1 glucose polymer) or placebo. Cr increased intraccl-lular water and reduced thermoregulatory and cardiovascular responses (e.g., heart rate, rectal temperature, sweat rate) but did not significantly increase time to exhaustion (47.0 ± 4.7 min vs. 49.7 ± 7.5 min, P = 0.095). Time to exhaustion was increased significantly in subjects whose estimated intramuscular Cr levels were substantially increased (“responders”: 47.3 ± 4.9 min vs. 51.7 ± 7.4 min, P = 0.031). Cr-induced hyperhydration can result in a more efficient thermoregulatory response during prolonged exercise in the heat.

scholarly journals AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC EXERCISE ABILITY OF ATHLETES COMBINED WITH BALANCED NUTRITION

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (spe2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Heweiqi ◽  
A.N. Tambovskij
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

ABSTRACT Balanced nutrition is very important for athletes’ health and competition performance, and balanced nutrition has become a hot topic in the sports industry. In this study, 30s anaerobic work test and maximal oxygen uptake test were used to test anaerobic exercise ability and aerobic exercise ability, respectively. Four groups were set up in the two test methods, and the corresponding functional test indexes, heart rate recovery index and blood lactic acid recovery value were determined. The anaerobic capacity test showed that the maximum power of male athletes in the experimental group had significant statistical difference before and after dietary balance management, and the fatigue index of female athletes in the experimental group had a significant downward trend. Five minutes and nine minutes after exercise, the blood lactic acid value of males in the experimental group was lower than before balanced nutrition. The aerobic capacity test showed that the exhaustion time of male athletes in the experimental group was significantly different before and after balanced nutrition. After the balanced nutrition, the blood lactic acid value of male athletes in the experimental group was lower than before the management immediately and nine minutes after exercise, and the heart rate value of the male athletes in the experimental group was far lower than before the management.

scholarly journals AGT M235T and ACE ID polymorphisms and exercise blood pressure in the HERITAGE Family Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. H368-H374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomo Rankinen ◽  
Jacques Gagnon ◽  
Louis Pérusse ◽  
Yvon C. Chagnon ◽  
Treva Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Exercise Blood Pressure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

We investigated the association between angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms and exercise training responses of resting and exercise blood pressure (BP). BP at rest and during submaximal (50 watts) and maximal exercise tests was measured before and after 20 wk of endurance training in 476 sedentary normotensive Caucasian subjects from 99 families. AGT M235T and ACE insertion/deletion polymorphisms were typed with PCR-based methods. Men carrying the AGT MM and MT genotypes showed 3.7 ± 0.6 and 3.2 ± 0.5 (SE) mmHg reductions, respectively, in diastolic BP at 50 watts (DBP50), whereas, in the TT homozygotes, the decrease was 0.4 ± 1.0 mmHg ( P = 0.016 for trend, adjusted for age, body mass index, and baseline DBP50). Men with the ACE DD genotype showed a slightly greater decrease in DBP50 (4.4 ± 0.6 mmHg) than the II and ID genotypes (2.8 ± 0.7 and 2.4 ± 0.5 mmHg, respectively, P = 0.050). Furthermore, a significant ( P = 0.022) interaction effect between the AGT and ACE genes was noted for DBP50; the AGT TT homozygotes carrying the ACE D allele showed no response to training. Men with the AGT TT genotype had greater ( P = 0.007) diastolic BP (DBP) response to acute maximal exercise at baseline. However, the difference disappeared after the training period. No associations were found in women. These data suggest that, in men, the genetic variation in the AGT locus modifies the responsiveness of submaximal exercise DBP to endurance training, and interactions between the AGT and ACE loci can alter this response.

scholarly journals The effects of BCAA and creatine supplementation on anaerobic capacity and ball kicking speed in male football players

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Tests And Measurements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Branched Chain

Background and objective: The use of nutritional supplements has increased in recent years. This study analyzes the effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) and creatine (CR) supplementation on anaerobic capacity and ball kicking speed in football players. Material and methods: 24 volunteer-active male amateur football players between 18--26 were recruited for this study. Football players were randomly divided into three groups as BCAA (n = 8), CR (n = 8), and placebo (PLA) (n = 8). Experimental groups were given 5 g BCAA and 2 g creatine before and after exercise, whereas the placebo group ingested bran, performance tests and measurements were performed, and results were assessed. Results: BCAA group average power (pre: 530.70 ± 53.73 W vs. post: 567.65 ± 66.68 W; p = 0.028), CR group minimum power (pre: 413.75 ± 51.13 W vs. post: 462.82 ± 71.93 W; p = 0.043) increased, while there were decreases in peak power (pre: 659.34 ± 121.03 W vs. post: 613.20 ± 124.24 W; p = 0.043) and fatigue index (pre: 6.55 ± 2.12 W/s vs. post: 4.34 ± 2.37 W/s; p = 0.043) parameters of PLA group (p < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the BCAA group in rest, pre-and post-supplementation; CR group in pre-and post-supplementation; PLA group in rest, pre-and post-supplementation (p < 0.05). Conclusions: BCAA and creatine consumption do not affect recovery rates in football players regarding obtained data. But, regarding other findings of this study, BCAA and creatine supplementation improves anaerobic capacity, provides strength endurance against fatigue, and prevents the decrement of ball-kicking speed in exhaustion.

scholarly journals The Effects of High Mineral Alkaline Water Consumed over Three Consecutive Days on Reaction Time Following Anaerobic Exercise – A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Crossover Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Michal Steffl ◽  
Ivana Kinkorova ◽  
Karolina Talar ◽  
Tereza Jandova ◽  
Karolina Moulisova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Alkaline Water

Abstract Drinking alkaline water after intense anaerobic exercise may enhance both cognitive and physical performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high mineral alkaline water consumed over three consecutive days on reaction time after anaerobic exercise in twelve healthy young males (aged 21.1 ± 1.3 years) with a valid sports medical examination. Participants were excluded when they took any medications or performance-enhancing supplements for the period of at least four weeks before the study commenced. Participants were randomly divided into two groups in this double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover pilot study. They ingested either alkaline water (AW) or regular table water ( RTW) for three consecutive days before anaerobic exercise. The anaerobic exercise consisted of two 2-min high-intensity step-tests with a passive rest interval of 3 minutes between the two bouts of exercise. Performance in the step-test (W), reaction time for visual and auditory signals, the rate of perceived exertion (RPE), urine specific gravity, and lactate concentration were analysed. No effect of AW was found on reaction time and the other variables except anaerobic performance. An-aerobic performance was significantly higher after ingestion of AW in both step-tests (p < 0.05). The ingestion of AW for three consecutive days before anaerobic exercise seems to positively affect anaerobic performance.

Influence of a Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Beverage on Performance and Blood Homesstasis during Recovery from Football

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Criswell ◽  
Scott Powers ◽  
John Lawler ◽  
John Tew ◽  
Stephen Dodd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Glucose Polymer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Maximal Effort ◽  
Percent Decrease

This study compared the efficacy of a 7% glucose polymer beverage containing electrolytes (GP) versus a nonnutrient, nonelectrolyte placebo (P) in maintaining blood homeostasis during recovery from football and determined whether consumption of the GP beverage improved anaerobic performance immediately after football competition when compared with the placebo. Forty-four high school football players participated in a 50-play scrimmage designed to simulate game conditions. At each of six periods before and during the scrimmage, players consumed 170 ml of the GP or P beverage. Eight maximal-effort 40-yd sprints (40-sec rest intervals) were performed before and after the scrimmage to assess the decrement in anaerobic performance from the scrimmage. Venous blood samples were drawn before and after the scrimmage and analyzed. The pre- to postscrimmage differences in mean and peak sprint velocities did not differ between treatments, nor did body weight and plasma. In contrast, the percent decrease in plasma volume was significantly greater in the P group. Postscrimmage increases in glucose and insulin were greater in the GP group. These data suggest that CHO-electrolyte drinks do not prevent a decline in anaerobic performance when compared to water, but a CMO-electrolyte drink is more effective in maintaining PV than water during recovery from anaerobic exercise.

Effects of Varying the Step Duration on the Determination of Lactate Thresholds in Elite Rowers

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pitre C. Bourdon ◽  
Sarah M. Woolford ◽  
Jonathan D. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Step Duration ◽  
Elite Rowers

This study aimed to identify the minimum increment duration required to accurately assess 2 distinct lactate thresholds. A total of 21 elite rowers (12 women and 9 men) participated in this study, and each performed 8 or 9 rowing tests comprising 5 progressive incremental tests (3-, 4-, 5-, 7-, or 10-min steps) and at least three 30-min constant-intensity maximal lactate steady-state assessments. Power output (PO) at lactate threshold 1 was higher in the 3- and 4-min incremental tests. No other measures were different for lactate threshold 1. The PO at the second lactate threshold was different between most tests and was higher than the PO at maximal lactate steady state, except for the 10-min incremental test. Lactate threshold 2 oxygen consumption was higher in the 3-, 4-, and 5-min tests, but heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion were not different between tests. Peak PO in the incremental tests was inversely related to the step durations (r2 = .86, P ≤ .02). Peak oxygen consumption was higher in the shorter (≤5 min) than the longer (≥7 min) incremental tests, whereas peak HR was not different between tests. These data suggest that for the methods used in this study, incremental exercise tests with step durations ≤7 min overestimate maximal lactate steady-state exercise intensity, peak physiological values are best determined using incremental tests with step durations ≤4 min, and HR measures are not affected by step duration, and therefore, prescription of training HRs can be made using any of these tests.

scholarly journals Psychological and Physiological Features Associated with Swimming Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4561
Author(s):  
Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez ◽  
Juan Pedro Fuentes-García ◽  
Ricardo J. Fernandes ◽  
João Paulo Vilas-Boas
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Probe Characteristic ◽  
Time Domains ◽  
High Fatigue ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Background: The aim of the present research was to study the psychological and physiological features associated with aerobic and anaerobic performance in trained swimmers. Methods: A correlation and stepwise regression analyses were conducted with the data obtained in a RESTQ-76 sport questionnaire, a heart rate variability test, and an anaerobic and aerobic swimming performance efforts of 20 swimmers. Results: Aerobic performance correlated, principally, with parameters related to parasympathetic modulation measured in the frequency and time domains of the heart rate variability (LF/HF r: −0.806, p < 0.001; NN50 r: 0.937, p < 0.001). Swimmers’ anaerobic performance correlated to psychological features (low stress r: 0.526, p: 0.025, and high fatigue r: −0.506, p: 0.032). Conclusion: Swimming performance presented different psychological and physiological features depending on the probe characteristic. Specifically, swimmers’ anaerobic performance was associated with psychological features (low stress and high fatigue perception) and aerobic performance with physiological features (high parasympathetic modulation). This information could help coaches to know the variables to control in their swimmers, depending on the probe in which they compete (anaerobic or aerobic).

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