Thermic and Glycemic Responses to Bread and Pasta Meals with and Without Prior Low-Intensity Exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope M. Warwick
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Prior Exercise ◽  
Thermic Effect Of Food ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
Thermic Effect

The purpose of the study was to investigate thermic and glycemic responses to conventional meals with and without prior low-intensity exercise. Fourteen healthy volunteers (7 men, 7 women) undertook 4 treatments, 2 bread and 2 pasta meals, either with (E) or without (NE) prior exercise (a 45-min treadmill walk). Meals provided 58 g carbohydrate and 2360 kJ. Energy expenditure and blood-glucose concentrations were measured before and for 3 h after the meals. The thermic effect of food (TEF) was lower after pasta (121 ± 32 kJ/3 h) than after bread (154 ± 62 kJ/3 h), P = 0.009, but was not affected by exercise. Glycemic responses were lower after E (155 ± 113 mmol·L−1 ·3 h−1) than NE (199 ± 97 mmol·L−1 · 3 h−1) after pasta (P = 0.020) but not after bread. TEF was lower after pasta than bread but was not affected by prior low-intensity exercise. The effects of exercise on glycemic responses to meals were inconsistent.

Exercise Intensity and the Thermic EfiWif of Food

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent W. Goben ◽  
Gary A. Sforzo ◽  
Patricia A. Frye
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Thermic Effect Of Food ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Thermic Effect

This study investigated the effect of varying exercise intensity on the thermic effect of food (TEF). Sixteen lean male subjects were matched forand randomly assigned to either a high or low intensity group for 30 min of treadmill exercise. Caloric expenditure was measured using indirect calorimetry at rest and at 30-min intervals OYer 3 hrs following each of three conditions: a 750-kcal liquid meal, high or low intensity exercise, and a 750-kcal liquid meal followed by high or low intensity exercise. Low intensity exercise enhanced the TEF during recovery at 60 and 90 min while high intensity enhanced it only at 180 min but depressed it at 30 min. Total metabolic expense for a 3-hr postmeal period was not differently affected by the two exercise intensities. Exercise following a meal had a synergistic effect on metabolism; however, this effect was delayed until 180 min postmeal when exercise intensity was high. The circulatory demands of high intensity exercise may have initially blunted the TEF, but ultimately the TEF measured over the 3-hr period was at least equal to that experienced following low intensity exercise.

Role of thermogenesis in the regulation of energy balance in relation to obesity

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Himms-Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Thermal Balance ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Thermic Effect Of Food ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Thermic Effect

Obligatory thermogenesis is a necessary accompaniment of all metabolic processes involved in maintenance of the body in the living state, and occurs in ail organs. It includes energy expenditure involved in ingesting, digesting, and processing food (thermic effect of food (TEF)). At certain life stages extra energy expenditure for growth, pregnancy, or lactation would also be obligatory. Facultative thermogenesis is superimposed on obligatory thermogenesis and can be rapidly switched on and rapidly suppressed by the nervous system. Facultative thermogenesis is important in both thermal balance, in which control of thermoregulatory thermogenesis (shivering in muscle, nonshivering in brown adipose tissue (BAT)) balances neural control of heat loss mechanisms, and in energy balance, in which control of facultative thermogenesis (exercise-induced in muscle, diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) in BAT) balances control of energy intake. Thermal balance (i.e., body temperature) is much more stringently controlled than energy balance (i.e., body energy stores). Reduced energy expenditure for thermogenesis is important in two types of obesity in laboratory animals. In the first type, deficient DIT in BAT is a prominent feature of altered energy balance. It may or may not be associated with hyperphagia. In a second type, reduced cold-induced thermogenesis in BAT as well as in other organs is a prominent feature of altered thermal balance. This in turn results in altered energy balance and obesity, exacerbated in some examples by hyperphagia. In some of the hyperphagic obese animals it is likely that the exaggerated obligatory thermic effect of food so alters thermal balance that BAT thermogenesis is suppressed. In all obese animals, deficient hypothalamic control of facultative thermogenesis and (or) food intake is implicated.Key words: thermogenesis, brown adipose tissue, energy balance, obesity, cold, thermoregulation, diet.

Thermic effect of food in hypothyroid rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Iossa ◽  
L Lionetti ◽  
M P Mollica ◽  
A Barletta ◽  
G Liverini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Adrenergic Response ◽  
Thermic Effect Of Food ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Postprandial Thermogenesis ◽  
Thermic Effect ◽  
Thermogenic Response

Abstract The regulatory and obligatory components of cephalic and gastrointestinal phases of the thermic effect of food (TEF) were measured in control and hypothyroid rats. A significant decrease (P<0·05) in regulatory and obligatory components of cephalic and gastrointestinal TEF, after either a control or energy-dense meal, was found in hypothyroid rats compared with control rats. Our findings indicate that hypothyroidism is associated with a decreased thermogenic response to food which contributes to the reduced energy expenditure of hypothyroid rats. Our results also suggest that tri-iodothyronine is involved in the regulation of postprandial thermogenesis directly as well as through its influence on β-adrenergic response and insulin release. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 148, 167–174

Effect of a high-fat diet on energy balance and thermic effect of food in hypothyroid rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Iossa ◽  
Maria Pina Mollica ◽  
Lillà Lionetti ◽  
Antonio Barletta ◽  
Giovanna Liverini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Thermic Effect Of Food ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Thermic Effect ◽  
Fat Meal

Abstract We have carried out measurements of energy balance in hypothyroid rats fed a low-fat or a high-fat diet for eighteen days. We have also measured cephalic and processing thermic effect of food (TEF) after a low-fat or a high-fat meal. Body lipid gain, carcass lipid content and gross efficiency were significantly (P < 0·05) higher in hypothyroid rats fed a high-fat diet compared with hypothyroid rats fed a low-fat diet, while metabolizable energy intake and energy expenditure remained unchanged. Cephalic TEF after a low-fat meal was significantly (P < 005) lower in hypothyroid rats fed a high-fat diet compared with hypothyroid rats fed a low-fat diet, while it was significantly (P <0·05) higher after a high-fat meal than after a low-fat meal in hypothyroid rats fed a high-fat diet. No significant variation was found in processing TEF after a low-fat or a high-fat meal. Our results indicate that hypothyroid rats are unable to develop increased energy expenditure and increased TEF in response to a high-fat diet. European Journal of Endocrinology 136 309–315

Abstract P125: Aerobic Exercise Training Reduces Postprandial Thermogenesis in Older Women

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuewen Wang ◽  
Kimberly Bowyer ◽  
Ryan Porter ◽  
Charity Breneman ◽  
Sabra Custer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Thermic Effect Of Food ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Postprandial Thermogenesis ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Thermic Effect

Introduction: Thermic effect of food is a component of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). Some literature suggests lower postprandial rise in energy expenditure predicts future weight gain. It is also known that other components of TDEE, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and free-living physical activity energy expenditure, are prone to change in response to exercise training. However, most studies estimate thermic effect of food as a proportion of TDEE and thus have not evaluated whether changes in postprandial thermogenesis occur in response to exercise training. The objective of this study was to determine whether postprandial thermogenesis changed after completing aerobic exercise training in older women. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the postprandial thermogenesis decreases in sedentary older women who complete 16-week aerobic exercise training. Methods: Sedentary older women (n = 47; age = 65.1 ± 4.3 years) completed 16-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training. RMR and 5-hour postprandial thermogenesis following ingesting the same meal, before and at the end of training, was measured via indirect calorimetry. The meal consisted of approximately 40% of each woman’s RMR at baseline. Postprandial thermogenesis was calculated as area under the curve. TDEE was also measured using doubly labelled water before and at the end of training. Results: After exercise training, RMR and TDEE did not change (p > 0.05 for both). Total postprandial thermogenesis (from 287 ±36 to 276 ± 40 kcal for 5 hours, p = 0.008) and postprandial thermogenesis in the first hour (from 69.9±8.7 to 66.3±8.1 kcal, p = 0.05) decreased significantly. The ratios of total and first-hour postprandial thermogenesis to TDEE also decreased (p = 0.026 and 0.013, respectively). Conclusion: Postprandial thermogenesis following the same meal reduced after aerobic training in older women. This adaptive change may contribute to an individual’s ability to defend the body’s energy store.

Energy Expenditure among Children: Implications for Childhood Obesity I: Resting and Dietary Energy Expenditure

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie L. Puhl
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Thermic Effect Of Food ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Thermic Effect ◽  
Over Time

The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, persistence of obesity over time, and health risks associated with it place childhood obesity among the highest national health concerns. The extent to which excess caloric intake or insufficient energy expenditure contribute to childhood obesity has not yet been clearly delineated. This report examines the components of the energy alance equation, focusing on the major components of energy expenditure (rest, thermic effect of food, and physical activity) whereby differences may affect energy balance and promote or perpetuate obesity among children. Some implications of differences in energy expenditure to childhood obesity and areas of needed research are suggested.

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