scholarly journals Utility of the Actiheart Accelerometer for Estimating Exercise Energy Expenditure in Female Adolescent Runners

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne F. Nichols ◽  
Hilary Aralis ◽  
Sonia Garcia Merino ◽  
Michelle T. Barrack ◽  
Lindsay Stalker-Fader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Exercise Energy Expenditure ◽  
Post Hoc

There is a growing need to accurately assess exercise energy expenditure (EEE) in athletic populations that may be at risk for health disorders because of an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The Actiheart combines heart rate and uniaxial accelerometry to estimate energy expenditure above rest. The authors’ purpose was to determine the utility of the Actiheart for predicting EEE in female adolescent runners (N = 39, age 15.7 ± 1.1 yr). EEE was measured by indirect calorimetry and predicted by the Actiheart during three 8-min stages of treadmill running at individualized velocities corresponding to each runner’s training, including recovery, tempo, and 5-km-race pace. Repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc comparisons across the 3 running stages indicated that the Actiheart was sensitive to changes in intensity (p < .01), but accelerometer output tended to plateau at race pace. Pairwise comparisons of the mean difference between Actiheart- and criterion-measured EEE yielded values of 0.0436, 0.0539, and 0.0753 kcal · kg−1 · min−1 during recovery, tempo, and race pace, respectively (p < .0001). Bland–Altman plots indicated that the Actiheart consistently underestimated EEE except in 1 runner’s recovery bout. A linear mixed-model regression analysis with height as a covariate provided an improved EEE prediction model, with the overall standard error of the estimate for the 3 speeds reduced to 0.0101 kcal · kg−1 · min−1. Using the manufacturer’s equation that combines heart rate and uniaxial motion, the Actiheart may have limited use in accurately assessing EEE, and therefore energy availability, in young, female competitive runners.

Exploration of the Contribution of Biobehavioral Variables to the Energy Expenditure of Preterm Infants

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Pridham ◽  
Abhik Bhattacharya ◽  
Suzanne Thoyre ◽  
Deborah Steward ◽  
Janine Bamberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Highly Correlated

Variation in energy expended by preterm infants may be due to infant maturity and history of resolved acute lung disease (respiratory distress syndrome [RDS]) as well as growth, caloric intake, and activity. Indirect calorimetry was used in this exploratory, short-term longitudinal study to estimate energy expenditure (EE) from measures of inspired and expired O2 and CO2 .The sample included 35 assessments for 10 preterm infants (5 with and 5 without RDS history). Lung disease history (resolved RDS, no RDS diagnosis), weight gain (g/d) from the day on which birth weight had been regained to the study day, mean activity level, the number of the assessment (1 6), and the interaction of lung disease history and time were included in a linear mixed model for repeated measures. Time was an index of postconceptional and postnatal age; all 3 were highly correlated. Because of high correlation with weight gain, caloric intake was not included in the analytic model. Lung disease history, mean activity level, and time were significant contributors to EE. A more precise measure of medical status than absence or presence of lung disease history, evenly spaced repetitions of EE assessment, and exploration of contexts in which the infants exhibit a higher activity level are needed in a replication study with a larger sample.

Heritability of a resting heart rate in a 20-year follow-up family cohort with GWAS data: Insights from the STANISLAS cohort

2019 ◽  
pp. 204748731989076
Author(s):  
Constance Xhaard ◽  
Claire Dandine-Roulland ◽  
Pierre de Villemereuil ◽  
Edith Le Floch ◽  
Delphine Bacq-Daian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Genetic Origin

Background The association between resting heart rate (HR) and cardiovascular outcomes, especially heart failure, is now well established. However, whether HR is mainly an integrated marker of risk associated with other features, or rather a genetic origin risk marker, is still a matter for debate. Previous studies reported a heritability ranging from 14% to 65%. Design We assessed HR heritability in the STANISLAS family-study, based on the data of four visits performed over a 20-year period, and adjusted for most known confounding effects. Methods These analyses were conducted using a linear mixed model, adjusted on age, sex, tea or coffee consumption, beta-blocker use, physical activity, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption to estimate the variance captured by additive genetic effects, via average information restricted maximum likelihood analysis, with both self-reported pedigree and genetic relatedness matrix (GRM) calculated from genome-wide association study data. Results Based on the data of all visits, the HR heritability (h2) estimate was 23.2% with GRM and 24.5% with pedigree. However, we found a large heterogeneity of HR heritability estimations when restricting the analysis to each of the four visits (h2 from 19% to 39% using pedigree, and from 14% to 32% using GRM). Moreover, only a little part of variance was explained by the common household effect (<5%), and half of the variance remained unexplained. Conclusion Using a comprehensive analysis based on a family cohort, including the data of multiple visits and GRM, we found that HR variability is about 25% from genetic origin, 25% from repeated measures and 50% remains unexplained.

Long-term seizure outcomes after pediatric temporal lobectomy: does brain MRI lesion matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-208
Author(s):  
Ravindra Arya ◽  
Francesco T. Mangano ◽  
Paul S. Horn ◽  
Sabrina K. Kaul ◽  
Serena K. Kaul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Seizure Onset

OBJECTIVEThere is emerging data that adults with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) without a discrete lesion on brain MRI have surgical outcomes comparable to those with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). However, pediatric TLE is different from its adult counterpart. In this study, the authors investigated if the presence of a potentially epileptogenic lesion on presurgical brain MRI influences the long-term seizure outcomes after pediatric temporal lobectomy.METHODSChildren who underwent temporal lobectomy between 2007 and 2015 and had at least 1 year of seizure outcomes data were identified. These were classified into lesional and MRI-negative groups based on whether an epilepsy-protocol brain MRI showed a lesion sufficiently specific to guide surgical decisions. These patients were also categorized into pure TLE and temporal plus epilepsies based on the neurophysiological localization of the seizure-onset zone. Seizure outcomes at each follow-up visit were incorporated into a repeated-measures generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with MRI status as a grouping variable. Clinical variables were incorporated into GLMM as covariates.RESULTSOne hundred nine patients (44 females) were included, aged 5 to 21 years, and were classified as lesional (73%), MRI negative (27%), pure TLE (56%), and temporal plus (44%). After a mean follow-up of 3.2 years (range 1.2–8.8 years), 66% of the patients were seizure free for ≥ 1 year at last follow-up. GLMM analysis revealed that lesional patients were more likely to be seizure free over the long term compared to MRI-negative patients for the overall cohort (OR 2.58, p < 0.0001) and for temporal plus epilepsies (OR 1.85, p = 0.0052). The effect of MRI lesion was not significant for pure TLE (OR 2.64, p = 0.0635). Concordance of ictal electroencephalography (OR 3.46, p < 0.0001), magnetoencephalography (OR 4.26, p < 0.0001), and later age of seizure onset (OR 1.05, p = 0.0091) were associated with a higher likelihood of seizure freedom. The most common histological findings included cortical dysplasia types 1B and 2A, HS (40% with dual pathology), and tuberous sclerosis.CONCLUSIONSA lesion on presurgical brain MRI is an important determinant of long-term seizure freedom after pediatric temporal lobectomy. Pediatric TLE is heterogeneous regarding etiologies and organization of seizure-onset zones with many patients qualifying for temporal plus nosology. The presence of an MRI lesion determined seizure outcomes in patients with temporal plus epilepsies. However, pure TLE had comparable surgical seizure outcomes for lesional and MRI-negative groups.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Linear Mixed-Effects Models to Assess the Relationship between Objective and Subjective Internal Load in Team Sports

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Alice Iannaccone ◽  
Daniele Conte ◽  
Cristina Cortis ◽  
Andrea Fusco
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Random Slopes ◽  
The Relationship

Internal load can be objectively measured by heart rate-based models, such as Edwards’ summated heart rate zones, or subjectively by session rating of perceived exertion. The relationship between internal loads assessed via heart rate-based models and session rating of perceived exertion is usually studied through simple correlations, although the Linear Mixed Model could represent a more appropriate statistical procedure to deal with intrasubject variability. This study aimed to compare conventional correlations and the Linear Mixed Model to assess the relationships between objective and subjective measures of internal load in team sports. Thirteen male youth beach handball players (15.9 ± 0.3 years) were monitored (14 training sessions; 7 official matches). Correlation coefficients were used to correlate the objective and subjective internal load. The Linear Mixed Model was used to model the relationship between objective and subjective measures of internal load data by considering each player individual response as random effect. Random intercepts were used and then random slopes were added. The likelihood-ratio test was used to compare statistical models. The correlation coefficient for the overall relationship between the objective and subjective internal data was very large (r = 0.74; ρ = 0.78). The Linear Mixed Model using both random slopes and random intercepts better explained (p < 0.001) the relationship between internal load measures. Researchers are encouraged to apply the Linear Mixed Models rather than correlation to analyze internal load relationships in team sports since it allows for the consideration of the individuality of players.

scholarly journals Efficacy of galcanezumab in patients with migraine who did not benefit from commonly prescribed preventive treatments

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulanji K. Kuruppu ◽  
Joshua Tobin ◽  
Yan Dong ◽  
Sheena K. Aurora ◽  
Laura Yunes-Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Preventive Medication ◽  
Onabotulinum Toxin A ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Background Galcanezumab is a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibody (mAb) indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine. While galcanezumab has demonstrated efficacy in patients who did not respond to prior preventive medications in general, its efficacy in patients who did not benefit from individual, commonly prescribed preventive treatments due to inadequate efficacy or safety/tolerability remains unknown. Methods CONQUER was a 3-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b study that enrolled patients with episodic or chronic migraine who had 2 to 4 migraine preventive medication category failures in the past 10 years. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive placebo (N = 230) or galcanezumab 120 mg/month (240 mg loading dose; N = 232). Post hoc analyses were conducted to determine the efficacy of galcanezumab in patients who had not benefited from six of the most commonly prescribed migraine preventive medications. The mean change from baseline in monthly migraine headache days and ≥ 50 % response rates were assessed over months 1–3. Improvement in Migraine-Specific Questionnaire Role Function-Restrictive (MSQ-RFR) scores were assessed at month 3. The endpoints were estimated via mixed model with repeated measures. Results The most common treatment failures due to inadequate efficacy or safety/tolerability, which at least 20 % of patients reported trying without benefit, included topiramate, amitriptyline, propranolol, valproate or divalproex, onabotulinum toxin A, and metoprolol. Patients who had not previously benefited from these treatments had a greater mean reduction in monthly migraine headache days across months 1–3 in the galcanezumab group compared to placebo (all p < 0.01). More patients treated with galcanezumab experienced a ≥ 50 % reduction from baseline in monthly migraine headache days across months 1–3 compared to placebo (all p < 0.05). Galcanezumab-treated patients had a greater improvement in mean MSQ-RFR scores at month 3 compared to placebo (all p < 0.01). Conclusions In this population, galcanezumab was effective in reducing monthly migraine headache days, improving response rates, and enhancing quality of life in patients who had not previously benefited from topiramate, amitriptyline, propranolol, valproate or divalproex, onabotulinum toxin A, and/or metoprolol due to inadequate efficacy or safety/tolerability. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03559257 (CONQUER).

Heart rate responses of two breeds of four-gaited horses to a standardised field gaited test

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Manso Filho ◽  
H.E.C.C.C. Manso ◽  
K.H. McKeever ◽  
S.R.R. Duarte ◽  
J.M.G. Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
T Test ◽  
Heart Rate Monitor ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Gaited Horses ◽  
Athletic Horse

In order to understand how gaited horses use their energy during exercise, a standardised field gaited test (SFGT) was developed to assess energy expenditure of four beat gaited horses independently of size, sex or breed. This work aimed at developing such an SFGT, using as main measurement parameter the heart rate (HR) of horses during the SFGT performance. Thirty-one four beat gaited horses were evaluated and divided into two groups: FIT (conditioned) and UNFIT (not conditioned). Horses were submitted to the SFGT and their heart rates were measured with a heart rate monitor as follows: right after being mounted, at the beginning of pre-test (HRSADDLE); at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes of four beat gait dislocation; and at 15 minutes after the recovery period (T+15). Maximum HR (HRMAX); HR percentage over 150 beats per minute (HR%≯150), HR percentage over 170 beats per minute (HR%≯170), and average HR during the four beat gait stage (HRM@M) of SFGT were calculated. Results were analysed by ANOVA for repeated measures. Where significant differences were observed, ‘T’ test was performed and significance was set at 5%. The FIT group presented HRMAX, HR+15, HRM@M, HR%≯150 and HR%≯170 rates lower (P<0.05) than the UNFIT group. It was noted that there was a negative correlation between fitness and HRMAX (R=−0.67; P<0.001) and a positive correlation between HRMAX and HR+15 (R=0.60; P<0.001) when comparing the FIT to the UNFIT horses. In conclusion, during the SFGT, the FIT group was more efficient in energy expenditure than the UNFIT group, based on the results observed for the significantly lower HRs during the SFGT. It is relevant to note that the SFGT developed and used in this research, which was easily reproduced and accurate, was able to detect and confirm important adaptations related to fitness in the athletic horse.

scholarly journals Joint modeling of multiple repeated measures and survival data using multidimensional latent trait linear mixed model

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 3392-3403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jue Wang ◽  
Sheng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Terminal Event ◽  
Longitudinal Outcomes

Impairment caused by Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is multidimensional (e.g. bulbar, fine motor, gross motor) and progressive. Its multidimensional nature precludes a single outcome to measure disease progression. Clinical trials of ALS use multiple longitudinal outcomes to assess the treatment effects on overall improvement. A terminal event such as death or dropout can stop the follow-up process. Moreover, the time to the terminal event may be dependent on the multivariate longitudinal measurements. In this article, we develop a joint model consisting of a multidimensional latent trait linear mixed model (MLTLMM) for the multiple longitudinal outcomes, and a proportional hazards model with piecewise constant baseline hazard for the event time data. Shared random effects are used to link together two models. The model inference is conducted using a Bayesian framework via Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation implemented in Stan language. Our proposed model is evaluated by simulation studies and is applied to the Ceftriaxone study, a motivating clinical trial assessing the effect of ceftriaxone on ALS patients.

scholarly journals Effect of Reducing Ambient Traffic-Related Air Pollution on Blood Pressure

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-832
Author(s):  
Neelakshi Hudda ◽  
Misha Eliasziw ◽  
Scott O. Hersey ◽  
Ellin Reisner ◽  
Robert D. Brook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may contribute to increased prevalence of hypertension and elevated blood pressure (BP) for residents of near-highway neighborhoods. Relatively few studies have investigated the effects of reducing TRAP exposure on short-term changes in BP. We assessed whether reducing indoor TRAP concentrations by using stand-alone high-efficiency particulate arrestance (HEPA) filters and limiting infiltration through doors and windows effectively prevented acute (ie, over a span of hours) increases in BP. Using a 3-period crossover design, 77 participants were randomized to attend three 2-hour-long exposure sessions separated by 1-week washout periods. Each participant was exposed to high, medium, and low TRAP concentrations in a room near an interstate highway. Particle number concentrations, black carbon concentrations, and temperature were monitored continuously. Systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP, and heart rate were measured every 10 minutes. Outcomes were analyzed with a linear mixed model. The primary outcome was the change in SBP from 20 minutes from the start of exposure. SBP increased with exposure duration, and the amount of increase was related to the magnitude of exposure. The mean change in SBP was 0.6 mm Hg for low exposure (mean particle number and black carbon concentrations, 2500 particles/cm 3 and 149 ng/m 3 ), 1.3 mm Hg for medium exposure (mean particle number and black carbon concentrations, 11 000 particles/cm 3 and 409 ng/m 3 ), and 2.8 mm Hg for high exposure (mean particle number and black carbon concentrations, 30 000 particles/cm 3 and 826 ng/m 3 ; linear trend P =0.019). There were no statistically significant differences in the secondary outcomes, diastolic BP, or heart rate. In conclusion, reducing indoor concentrations of TRAP was effective in preventing acute increases in SBP.

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