Exploration of the Contribution of Biobehavioral Variables to the Energy Expenditure of Preterm Infants

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Pridham ◽  
Abhik Bhattacharya ◽  
Suzanne Thoyre ◽  
Deborah Steward ◽  
Janine Bamberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Highly Correlated

Variation in energy expended by preterm infants may be due to infant maturity and history of resolved acute lung disease (respiratory distress syndrome [RDS]) as well as growth, caloric intake, and activity. Indirect calorimetry was used in this exploratory, short-term longitudinal study to estimate energy expenditure (EE) from measures of inspired and expired O2 and CO2 .The sample included 35 assessments for 10 preterm infants (5 with and 5 without RDS history). Lung disease history (resolved RDS, no RDS diagnosis), weight gain (g/d) from the day on which birth weight had been regained to the study day, mean activity level, the number of the assessment (1 6), and the interaction of lung disease history and time were included in a linear mixed model for repeated measures. Time was an index of postconceptional and postnatal age; all 3 were highly correlated. Because of high correlation with weight gain, caloric intake was not included in the analytic model. Lung disease history, mean activity level, and time were significant contributors to EE. A more precise measure of medical status than absence or presence of lung disease history, evenly spaced repetitions of EE assessment, and exploration of contexts in which the infants exhibit a higher activity level are needed in a replication study with a larger sample.

scholarly journals Utility of the Actiheart Accelerometer for Estimating Exercise Energy Expenditure in Female Adolescent Runners

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne F. Nichols ◽  
Hilary Aralis ◽  
Sonia Garcia Merino ◽  
Michelle T. Barrack ◽  
Lindsay Stalker-Fader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Exercise Energy Expenditure ◽  
Post Hoc

There is a growing need to accurately assess exercise energy expenditure (EEE) in athletic populations that may be at risk for health disorders because of an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The Actiheart combines heart rate and uniaxial accelerometry to estimate energy expenditure above rest. The authors’ purpose was to determine the utility of the Actiheart for predicting EEE in female adolescent runners (N = 39, age 15.7 ± 1.1 yr). EEE was measured by indirect calorimetry and predicted by the Actiheart during three 8-min stages of treadmill running at individualized velocities corresponding to each runner’s training, including recovery, tempo, and 5-km-race pace. Repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc comparisons across the 3 running stages indicated that the Actiheart was sensitive to changes in intensity (p < .01), but accelerometer output tended to plateau at race pace. Pairwise comparisons of the mean difference between Actiheart- and criterion-measured EEE yielded values of 0.0436, 0.0539, and 0.0753 kcal · kg−1 · min−1 during recovery, tempo, and race pace, respectively (p < .0001). Bland–Altman plots indicated that the Actiheart consistently underestimated EEE except in 1 runner’s recovery bout. A linear mixed-model regression analysis with height as a covariate provided an improved EEE prediction model, with the overall standard error of the estimate for the 3 speeds reduced to 0.0101 kcal · kg−1 · min−1. Using the manufacturer’s equation that combines heart rate and uniaxial motion, the Actiheart may have limited use in accurately assessing EEE, and therefore energy availability, in young, female competitive runners.

Long-term seizure outcomes after pediatric temporal lobectomy: does brain MRI lesion matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-208
Author(s):  
Ravindra Arya ◽  
Francesco T. Mangano ◽  
Paul S. Horn ◽  
Sabrina K. Kaul ◽  
Serena K. Kaul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Seizure Onset

OBJECTIVEThere is emerging data that adults with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) without a discrete lesion on brain MRI have surgical outcomes comparable to those with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). However, pediatric TLE is different from its adult counterpart. In this study, the authors investigated if the presence of a potentially epileptogenic lesion on presurgical brain MRI influences the long-term seizure outcomes after pediatric temporal lobectomy.METHODSChildren who underwent temporal lobectomy between 2007 and 2015 and had at least 1 year of seizure outcomes data were identified. These were classified into lesional and MRI-negative groups based on whether an epilepsy-protocol brain MRI showed a lesion sufficiently specific to guide surgical decisions. These patients were also categorized into pure TLE and temporal plus epilepsies based on the neurophysiological localization of the seizure-onset zone. Seizure outcomes at each follow-up visit were incorporated into a repeated-measures generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with MRI status as a grouping variable. Clinical variables were incorporated into GLMM as covariates.RESULTSOne hundred nine patients (44 females) were included, aged 5 to 21 years, and were classified as lesional (73%), MRI negative (27%), pure TLE (56%), and temporal plus (44%). After a mean follow-up of 3.2 years (range 1.2–8.8 years), 66% of the patients were seizure free for ≥ 1 year at last follow-up. GLMM analysis revealed that lesional patients were more likely to be seizure free over the long term compared to MRI-negative patients for the overall cohort (OR 2.58, p < 0.0001) and for temporal plus epilepsies (OR 1.85, p = 0.0052). The effect of MRI lesion was not significant for pure TLE (OR 2.64, p = 0.0635). Concordance of ictal electroencephalography (OR 3.46, p < 0.0001), magnetoencephalography (OR 4.26, p < 0.0001), and later age of seizure onset (OR 1.05, p = 0.0091) were associated with a higher likelihood of seizure freedom. The most common histological findings included cortical dysplasia types 1B and 2A, HS (40% with dual pathology), and tuberous sclerosis.CONCLUSIONSA lesion on presurgical brain MRI is an important determinant of long-term seizure freedom after pediatric temporal lobectomy. Pediatric TLE is heterogeneous regarding etiologies and organization of seizure-onset zones with many patients qualifying for temporal plus nosology. The presence of an MRI lesion determined seizure outcomes in patients with temporal plus epilepsies. However, pure TLE had comparable surgical seizure outcomes for lesional and MRI-negative groups.

scholarly journals Joint modeling of multiple repeated measures and survival data using multidimensional latent trait linear mixed model

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 3392-3403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jue Wang ◽  
Sheng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Terminal Event ◽  
Longitudinal Outcomes

Impairment caused by Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is multidimensional (e.g. bulbar, fine motor, gross motor) and progressive. Its multidimensional nature precludes a single outcome to measure disease progression. Clinical trials of ALS use multiple longitudinal outcomes to assess the treatment effects on overall improvement. A terminal event such as death or dropout can stop the follow-up process. Moreover, the time to the terminal event may be dependent on the multivariate longitudinal measurements. In this article, we develop a joint model consisting of a multidimensional latent trait linear mixed model (MLTLMM) for the multiple longitudinal outcomes, and a proportional hazards model with piecewise constant baseline hazard for the event time data. Shared random effects are used to link together two models. The model inference is conducted using a Bayesian framework via Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation implemented in Stan language. Our proposed model is evaluated by simulation studies and is applied to the Ceftriaxone study, a motivating clinical trial assessing the effect of ceftriaxone on ALS patients.

Introduction of adult cats to indirect calorimetry respiration chambers causes increased energy expenditure and respiratory quotient that decrease following acclimation

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kylie Hogan ◽  
Nicholas Genova ◽  
James R. Templeman ◽  
Adronie Verbrugghe ◽  
Anna K. Shoveller
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Space Restriction

Abstract OBJECTIVE To replicate a previously defined behavioral procedure to acclimate adult cats to temporary restriction in indirect calorimetry chambers and measure energy expenditure and respiratory quotient changes during acclimation. ANIMALS 8 healthy adult cats (4 spayed females, and 4 neutered males; mean ± SEM age, 2.5 ± 1.5 years; mean body weight, 4.8 ± 1.8 kg). PROCEDURES Cats underwent a 13-week incremental acclimation procedure whereby cats were acclimated to the chambers in their home environment (weeks 1 to 3), to the study room (weeks 4 to 6), and to increasing lengths of restriction within their home environment (weeks 7 to 8) and the chambers (weeks 9 to 13). Cat stress score, respiratory rate, fearfulness (assessed with a novel object test), energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient were measured. Data were analyzed by use of a repeated-measures mixed model. RESULTS Stress, based on cat stress scores, fearfulness, and respiration, peaked at weeks 4, 9, and 10 but returned to baseline levels by week 11. Energy expenditure and respiratory quotient peaked at weeks 10 and 11, respectively, but were reduced significantly by weeks 11 and 13, respectively. All cats returned to baseline by the end of the study and were deemed fully acclimated. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Changes in perceived stress level, energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient at various stages of the acclimation procedure suggest that stress should be considered a significant variable in energy balance measurements when indirect calorimetry is used in cats. An incremental acclimation procedure should therefore be used to prepare cats for the temporary space restriction necessary for indirect calorimetry studies.

scholarly journals Changes in Income after an Industrial Accident According to Industry and Return-to-Work Status

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk Won Bae ◽  
Sarah Soyeon Oh ◽  
Wha Me Park ◽  
Jaehoon Roh ◽  
Jong-Uk Won
Keyword(s):  
Return To Work ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Industrial Accident ◽  
Industrial Accidents

Objective: To investigate changes in the incomes of workers, particularly those in the construction sector, who experienced industrial accidents according to their status of return to work. Methods: We used data from the fifth Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare annual differential incomes before and after the industrial accident, and a linear mixed model was used to investigate the changes in income from before to after the industrial accident according to the industry and return-to-work status. Results: A comparison of the industrial categories revealed that construction industry workers exhibited the greatest incomes before the accident and the greatest decrease in income after the industrial accident. Regression analysis for assessing changes in income after the industrial accident showed that a comparison by industry revealed a significantly greater reduction in income in the construction than service industry. A comparison by work status revealed significantly greater decreases in income in the reemployment and non-return to work groups than among those who returned to their original work. Conclusions: The economic statuses of the victims of industrial accidents decreased relative to the pre-accident statuses in all industries. The ability to return to original work is important for preserving the accident victim’s economic status.

scholarly journals Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and laparoscopic greater curve plication: do they differ at 2 years?

Endoscopy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gontrand Lopez-Nava ◽  
Ravishankar Asokkumar ◽  
Inmaculada Bautista-Castaño ◽  
Janese Laster ◽  
Anuradha Negi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty ◽  
Sleeve Gastroplasty ◽  
Laparoscopic Greater Curve Plication

Abstract Background Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is an effective treatment option for obesity. However, data comparing its efficacy to bariatric surgery are scarce. We aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of ESG with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic greater curve plication (LGCP) at 2 years. Methods We reviewed 353 patient records and identified 296 patients who underwent ESG (n = 199), LSG (n = 61), and LGCP (n = 36) at four centers in Spain between 2014 and 2016. We compared their total body weight loss (%TBWL) and safety over 2 years. A linear mixed model (LMM) was used to analyze repeated measures of weight loss outcomes at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months to compare the three procedures. Results Among the 296 patients, 210 (ESG 135, LSG 43, LGCP 32) completed 1 year of follow-up and 102 (ESG 46, LSG 34, LGCP 22) reached 2 years. Their mean (standard deviation [SD]) body mass index (BMI) was 39.6 (4.8) kg/m2. There were no differences in age, sex, or BMI between the groups. In LMM analysis, adjusting for age, sex, and initial BMI, we found ESG had a significantly lower TBWL, %TBWL, and BMI decline compared with LSG and LGCP at all time points (P = 0.001). The adjusted mean %TBWL at 2 years for ESG, LSG, and LGCP were 18.5 %, 28.3 %, and 26.9 %, respectively. However, ESG, when compared with LSG and LGCP, had a shorter inpatient stay (1 vs. 3 vs. 3 days; P < 0.001) and lower complication rate (0.5 % vs. 4.9 % vs. 8.3 %; P = 0.006). Conclusion All three procedures induced significant weight loss in obese patients. Although the weight loss was lower with ESG compared with other techniques, it displayed a better safety profile and shorter hospital stay.

Linear mixed model better than repeated measures analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. NP1-NP2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Işıl Kutluturk Karagoz ◽  
Berhan Keskin ◽  
Flora Özkalaycı ◽  
Ali Karagöz
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Better Than

We have some criticism regarding some technical issues. Mixed models have begun to play a pivotal role in statistical analyses and offer many advantages over more conventional analyses regarding repeated variance analyses. First, they allow to avoid conducting multiple t-tests; second, they can accommodate for within-patient correlation; third, they allow to incorporate not only a random coefficient, but also a random slope, typically ‘linear’ time in longitudinal case series when there are enough data and patients’ trajectories vary a lot and improving model fit.

Tone, Rhythm, and Timbre Perception in School-Age Children Using Cochlear Implants and Hearing Aids

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (09) ◽  
pp. 789-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish Innes-Brown ◽  
Jeremy P. Marozeau ◽  
Christine M. Storey ◽  
Peter J. Blamey
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
School Year ◽  
Temporal Cues ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Children with hearing impairments, especially those using hearing devices such as the cochlear implant (CI) or hearing aid (HA), are sometimes not encouraged to attend music classes, as they or their parents and teachers may be unsure whether the child can perform basic musical tasks. Purpose: The objective of the current study was to provide a baseline for the performance of children using CIs and HAs on standardized tests of rhythm and pitch perception as well as an instrument timbre identification task. An additional aim was to determine the effect of structured music training on these measures during the course of a school year. Research Design: The Intermediate Measures of Music Audiation (IMMA) Tonal and Rhythmic subtests were administered four times, with 6 wk between tests. All children in the study were also enrolled in “Music Club” teaching sessions. Measures were compared between groups and across the four testing sessions. Study Sample: Twenty children from a single school in Melbourne, Australia, were recruited. Eleven (four girls) had impaired hearing, including six with a unilateral CI or CI and HA together (two girls) and five with bilateral HAs (two girls). Nine were normally hearing, selected to match the age and gender of the hearing-impaired children. Ages ranged from 9–13 yr. Intervention: All children participated in a weekly Music Club – a 45 min session of musical activities based around vocal play and the integration of aural, visual, and kinesthetic modes of learning. Data Collection and Analysis: Audiological data were collected from clinical files. IMMA scores were converted to percentile ranks using published norms. Between-group differences were tested using repeated-measures analysis of variance, and between-session differences were tested using a linear mixed model. Linear regression was used to model the effect of hearing loss on the test scores. Results: In the first session, normally hearing children had a mean percentile rank of ˜50 in both the Tonal and Rhythmic subtests of the IMMA. Children using CIs showed trends toward lower scores in the Tonal, but not the Rhythmic, subtests. No significant improvements were found between sessions. In the timbre test, children generally made fewer errors within the set of percussive compared to nonpercussive instruments. The hearing loss level partially predicted performance in the Tonal, but not the Rhythmic, task, and predictions were more significant for nonpercussive compared to percussive instruments. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of temporal cues in the perception of music, and indicate that temporal cues may be used by children with CIs and HAs in the perception of not only rhythm, but also of some aspects of timbre. We were not able to link participation in the Music Club with increased scores on the Tonal, Rhythmic, and Timbre tests. However, anecdotal evidence from the children and their teachers suggested a wide range of benefits from participation in the Music Club that extended from increased engagement and interest in music classes into the children's social situations.

scholarly journals Individual differences in physical activity are closely associated with changes in body weight in adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (3) ◽  
pp. R633-R642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elinor L. Sullivan ◽  
Frank H. Koegler ◽  
Judy L. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
Measured Activity ◽  
Low Activity

The increased prevalence of overweight adults has serious health consequences. Epidemiological studies suggest an association between low activity and being overweight; however, few studies have objectively measured activity during a period of weight gain, so it is unknown whether low activity is a cause or consequence of being overweight. To determine whether individual differences in adult weight gain are linked to an individual’s activity level, we measured activity, via accelerometry, over a prolonged period (9 mo) in 18 adult female rhesus monkeys. Weight, food intake, metabolic rate, and activity were first monitored over a 3-mo period. During this period, there was mild but significant weight gain (5.5 ± 0.88%; t =−6.3, df = 17, P < 0.0001), whereas caloric intake and activity remained stable. Metabolic rate increased, as expected, with weight gain. Activity level correlated with weight gain ( r = −0.52, P = 0.04), and the most active monkeys gained less weight than the least active monkeys ( t = −2.74, df = 8, P = 0.03). Moreover, there was an eightfold difference in activity between the most and least active monkeys, and initial activity of each monkey was highly correlated with their activity after 9 mo ( r = 0.85, P < 0.0001). In contrast, food intake did not correlate with weight gain, and there was no difference in weight gain between monkeys with the highest vs. lowest caloric intake, total metabolic rate, or basal metabolic rate. We conclude that physical activity is a particularly important factor contributing to weight change in adulthood and that there are large, but stable, differences in physical activity among individuals.

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