Presleep α-Lactalbumin Consumption Does Not Improve Sleep Quality or Time-Trial Performance in Cyclists

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
Martin J. MacInnis ◽  
Christine E. Dziedzic ◽  
Emily Wood ◽  
Sara Y. Oikawa ◽  
Stuart M. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Crossover Designs ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Collagen Peptide ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Improve Sleep Quality

We tested the hypothesis that presleep consumption of α-lactalbumin (LA), a fraction of whey with a high abundance of tryptophan, would improve indices of sleep quality and time-trial (TT) performance in cyclists relative to an isonitrogenous collagen peptide (CP) supplement lacking tryptophan. Using randomized, double-blind, crossover designs, cyclists consumed either 40 g of LA or CP 2 hr prior to sleep. In Study 1, six elite male endurance track cyclists (age 23 ± 6 years, 70.2 ± 4.4 ml·kg−1·min−1) consumed a supplement for three consecutive evenings before each 4-km TT on a velodrome track, whereas in Study 2, six well-trained cyclists (one female; age 24 ± 5 years, 66.9 ± 8.3 ml·kg−1·min−1) consumed a supplement the evening before each 4-km TT on a stationary cycle ergometer. Indices of sleep quality were assessed with wrist-based actigraphy. There were no differences between the CP and LA supplements in terms of total time in bed, total sleep time, or sleep efficiency in Study 1 (LA: 568 ± 71 min, 503 ± 67 min, 88.3% ± 3.4%; CP: 546 ± 30 min, 479 ± 35 min, 87.8% ± 3.1%; p = .41, p = .32, p = .74, respectively) or Study 2 (LA: 519 ± 90 min, 450 ± 78 min, 87.2% ± 7.6%; CP: 536 ± 62 min, 467 ± 57 min, 87.3% ± 6.4%; p = .43, p = .44, p = .97, respectively). Similarly, time to complete the 4-km TT was unaffected by supplementation in Study 1 (LA: 274.9 ± 7.6 s; CP: 275.5 ± 7.2 s; p = .62) and Study 2 (LA: 344.3 ± 22.3 s; CP: 343.3 ± 23.0 s; p = .50). Thus, relative to CP, consuming LA 2 hr prior to sleep over 1–3 days did not improve actigraphy-based indices of sleep quality or 4-km TT performance in cyclists.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of DHA- and EPA-Rich Oils on Sleep in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Michael J. Patan ◽  
David O. Kennedy ◽  
Cathrine Husberg ◽  
Svein Olaf Hustvedt ◽  
Philip C. Calder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Oily Fish

Emerging evidence suggests that adequate intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), which include docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), might be associated with better sleep quality. N-3 PUFAs, which must be acquired from dietary sources, are typically consumed at suboptimal levels in Western diets. Therefore, the current placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial, investigated the effects of an oil rich in either DHA or EPA on sleep quality in healthy adults who habitually consumed low amounts of oily fish. Eighty-four participants aged 25–49 years completed the 26-week intervention trial. Compared to placebo, improvements in actigraphy sleep efficiency (p = 0.030) and latency (p = 0.026) were observed following the DHA-rich oil. However, these participants also reported feeling less energetic compared to the placebo (p = 0.041), and less rested (p = 0.017), and there was a trend towards feeling less ready to perform (p = 0.075) than those given EPA-rich oil. A trend towards improved sleep efficiency was identified in the EPA-rich group compared to placebo (p = 0.087), along with a significant decrease in both total time in bed (p = 0.032) and total sleep time (p = 0.019) compared to the DHA-rich oil. No significant effects of either treatment were identified for urinary excretion of the major melatonin metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin. This study was the first to demonstrate some positive effects of dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFAs in healthy adult normal sleepers, and provides novel evidence showing the differential effects of n-3 PUFA supplements rich in either DHA or EPA. Further investigation into the mechanisms underpinning these observations including the effects of n-3 PUFAs on sleep architecture are required.

scholarly journals Tasimelteon safely and effectively improves sleep in Smith–Magenis syndrome: a double-blind randomized trial followed by an open-label extension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos M. Polymeropoulos ◽  
Justin Brooks ◽  
Emily L. Czeisler ◽  
Michaela A. Fisher ◽  
Mary M. Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Open Label Study ◽  
Label Study ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Open Label Extension

Abstract Purpose To assess the efficacy of tasimelteon to improve sleep in Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS). Methods A 9-week, double-blind, randomized, two-period crossover study was conducted at four US clinical centers. Genetically confirmed patients with SMS, aged 3 to 39, with sleep complaints participated in the study. Patients were assigned to treatment with tasimelteon or placebo in a 4-week crossover study with a 1-week washout between treatments. Eligible patients participated in an open-label study and were followed for >3 months. Results Improvement of sleep quality (DDSQ50) and total sleep time (DDTST50) on the worst 50% of nights were primary endpoints. Secondary measures included actigraphy and behavioral parameters. Over three years, 52 patients were screened, and 25 patients completed the randomized portion of the study. DDSQ50 significantly improved over placebo (0.4, p = 0.0139), and DDTST50 also improved (18.5 minutes, p = 0.0556). Average sleep quality (0.3, p = 0.0155) and actigraphy-based total sleep time (21.1 minutes, p = 0.0134) improved significantly, consistent with the primary outcomes. Patients treated for ≥90 days in the open-label study showed persistent efficacy. Adverse events were similar between placebo and tasimelteon. Conclusion Tasimelteon safely and effectively improved sleep in SMS.

Sleep as a predictor of tDCS and language therapy outcomes

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Herrmann ◽  
Bronte Ficek ◽  
Kimberly T Webster ◽  
Constantine Frangakis ◽  
Adam P Spira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Sham Condition

Abstract Study Objectives To determine whether sleep at baseline (before therapy) predicted improvements in language following either language therapy alone or coupled with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in individuals with primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Methods Twenty-three participants with PPA (mean age 68.13 ± 6.21) received written naming/spelling therapy coupled with either anodal tDCS over the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) or sham condition in a crossover, sham-controlled, double-blind design (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02606422). The outcome measure was percent of letters spelled correctly for trained and untrained words retrieved in a naming/spelling task. Given its particular importance as a sleep parameter in older adults, we calculated sleep efficiency (total sleep time/time in bed x100) based on subjective responses on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). We grouped individuals based on a median split: high versus low sleep efficiency. Results Participants with high sleep efficiency benefited more from written naming/spelling therapy than participants with low sleep efficiency in learning therapy materials (trained words). There was no effect of sleep efficiency in generalization of therapy materials to untrained words. Among participants with high sleep efficiency, those who received tDCS benefitted more from therapy than those who received sham condition. There was no additional benefit from tDCS in participants with low sleep efficiency. Conclusion Sleep efficiency modified the effects of language therapy and tDCS on language in participants with PPA. These results suggest sleep is a determinant of neuromodulation effects. Clinical Trial: tDCS Intervention in Primary Progressive Aphasia https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02606422

scholarly journals Personality Traits and Insomnia Symptoms in Shift Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Holzinger ◽  
Lucille Mayer ◽  
Gerhard Klösch
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Work Schedule ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Shift Schedules ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

The discrepancy between natural sleep-wake rhythm and actual sleep times in shift workers can cause sleep loss and negative daytime consequences. Irregular shift schedules do not follow a fixed structure and change frequently, which makes them particularly harmful and makes affected individuals more susceptible to insomnia. The present study compares insomnia symptoms of non-shift workers, regular shift workers, and irregular shift workers and takes into account the moderating role of the Big Five personality traits and levels of perfectionism. Employees of an Austrian railway company completed an online survey assessing shift schedules, sleep quality and duration, daytime sleepiness, and personality traits. A total of 305 participants, of whom 111 were non-shift workers, 60 regular shift workers, and 134 irregular shift workers, made up the final sample. Irregular shift workers achieved significantly worse scores than one or both of the other groups in time in bed, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep latency, and the number of awakenings. However, the values of the irregular shifts workers are still in the average range and do not indicate clinical insomnia. Participants working regular shifts reported the best sleep quality and longest sleep duration and showed the least nocturnal awakenings, possibly due to higher conscientiousness- and lower neuroticism scores in this group. Agreeableness increased the effect of work schedule on total sleep time while decreasing its effect on the amount of sleep medication taken. Perfectionism increased the effect of work schedule on time in bed and total sleep time. Generalization of results is limited due to the high percentage of males in the sample and using self-report measures only.

scholarly journals On the influence of the day of the week on objective and self-rated sleep quality of adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sauter ◽  
H. Dorn ◽  
H. Danker-Hopfe
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Day Of The Week

Abstract Background and objective The extent to which adult sleep varies depending on the day of the week has not yet been systematically investigated with electroencephalography (EEG) data. Whether such effects exist and whether they are related to age, gender, and employment status was retrospectively analyzed based on data from an experimental double-blind cross-over study in which effects of electromagnetic fields of a cell phone base station on the sleep of a general rural population had been examined. Methods The sleep of 397 adults (age 45.0 ± 14.2 years, range 18–81 years; 50.9% women) from ten different rural German villages was recorded for 12 nights with ambulatory devices. Self-reported sleep quality was recorded in morning and evening protocols. Friedman tests were used for statistical analysis of the comparison between the days, and the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for pairwise comparisons of independent parameters between groups. Results For the present analysis, data from 335 participants were considered. Overall, the differences between nights were small and the quality of sleep was good. Three of the five objective and all six self-rated sleep parameters differed significantly between the days of the week. While the objective and the self-estimated total sleep time were longest on Sunday nights, the qualitatively poorest values occurred on Monday nights. People who worked fulltime had the longest sleep latencies on Sunday nights. Friday nights were rated the best. Conclusion The objective and self-rated sleep quality varied relatively little in a rural adult population over the course of the week, being worst on Monday nights and best on Friday nights.

scholarly journals 0845 The Difference in Sleep Characteristics of Chronic Insomnia Disorder According to Gender and Age

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A322-A322
Author(s):  
J Hong ◽  
H Lee ◽  
I Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Chronic Insomnia ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Insomnia Disorder ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Abstract Introduction Impacts of age and gender on sleep have been reported in normal population, but rarely in chronic insomnia disorder (CID). This study aimed to investigate difference in sleep characteristics of CID according to gender and age. Methods The participants with drug-naïve CID and aged between 40 and 79 years were recruited. We compared subjective and objective sleep parameters between the middle-aged (40-64 years, N=86) and the elderly (65-79 years, N=50), and between men (N=45) and women (N=91). The subjective sleep quality and habitual sleep time were measured by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The participants were asked to wear an actigraph for 4 days to obtain objective sleep parameters. Results In the PSQI, the elderly reported earlier bedtime and wake-up time (p=0.018; p=0.026), reduced total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (p=0.003; p=0.011), and low sleep quality (p=0.034) compared to the middle-aged. However, according to the actigraphy, differences were observed only in the bedtime (p=0.016) and the wake-up time (p=0.002) between the two age groups. Between genders, the actigraphy showed that the male patients woke up earlier than the female group (p=0.015); except for this finding, there was no significant gender effect. Meanwhile, regarding gender and age interactions, the elderly women with CID showed longer time in bed (TIB) with increase in both TST and wake after sleep onset (WASO) compared to the middle-aged women. The elderly men showed decreased TIB and TST, and slightly decreased WASO than the middle-aged men. Conclusion The elderly with CID show more subjective sleep complaints than the middle-aged CID despite little difference in objective sleep characteristics, which suggests that the elderly CID may seek medical help more than the middle aged. As women with CID get older, they increase time spent in bed to maintain sleep time, but with resultant increase in wake. Support None

scholarly journals Efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with diazepam for acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome: A double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 030006052091005
Author(s):  
Yun Song ◽  
Xiaobin Xue ◽  
Haibin Han ◽  
Cuiluan Li ◽  
Jia Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Improve Sleep Quality ◽  
Acupoint Stimulation

Objective To compare the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) combined with diazepam against diazepam alone for treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Methods In this double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial, men with acute AWS were randomly allocated to either a group treated with TEAS combined with diazepam (n = 57) or a control group treated with sham TEAS combined with diazepam (n = 60). Treatment was performed at four acupoints twice a day for 14 days. The Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol Scale (CIWA-Ar), visual analogue scale (VAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale (mESS) were used to evaluate treatment efficacy. Results All scores improved significantly in both groups during the trial. CIWA-Ar scores were lower in the TEAS group than in the control group from day 3 until the end of observation. VAS and mESS scores were also lower in the TEAS group than in the control group on day 7. VAS and PSQI scores were lower in the TEAS group on day 14. Conclusion Combining diazepam with TEAS may result in milder AWS symptoms than diazepam alone, improve sleep quality and reduce sleepiness.

scholarly journals 286 Pilot Sleep During Brazil-to-China COVID-19 Humanitarian Mission Flights Compared to Biomathematical Predictions of Sleep

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A114-A115
Author(s):  
Jaime Devine ◽  
Caio Garcia ◽  
Audrey Simoes ◽  
Jake Choynowski ◽  
Marina Guelere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Prediction Algorithm ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Scheduling Tool

Abstract Introduction n response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Azul Airlines organized and conducted five separate humanitarian missions to China between May and July, 2020. Each mission consisted of 4 flight legs between 11-15 hours long crewed by a team of 8 pilots. Each pilot was given a 9-hour sleep opportunity during the flight period. Prior to conducting the missions, a sleep-prediction algorithm (AutoSleep) within the Sleep, Activity, Fatigue, and Task Effectiveness (SAFTE) model Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST) was used to predict in-flight time in bed (TIB) and total sleep time (TST). During missions, pilots wore a wrist actigraph and completed a sleep diary. These analyses compare the accuracy of SAFTE-FAST AutoSleep predictions against pilots’ sleep diary and actigraphy from Azul’s COVID-19 humanitarian missions. Methods Pilots wore a sleep-tracking actigraphy device (Zulu Watch, Institutes for Behavior Resources), and reported the TIB and sleep quality of their in-flight rest periods using a sleep diary. Diary TST was estimated from TIB and sleep quality. AutoSleep, diary, and actigraphy measures were compared using paired samples t-tests. Agreement was compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results Twenty (n=20) pilots flying across 5 humanitarian missions provided sleep diary and actigraphy data. AutoSleep predictions of TIB (235±20 minutes) and TST (193±16 minutes) were significantly lower than diary (TIB: 330±123, t=6.80, p≤0.001; TST: 262±108, t=5.60, p≤0.001) and comparable to actigraphy (TIB: 246±127, t=0.78, p=0.43; TST: 212±113, t=1.59, p=0.12). ICC values were >0.90, indicating excellent agreement, for TIB (0.94) and TST (0.91). Conclusion Biomathematical predictions of in-flight sleep during unprecedented humanitarian missions were in agreement with actual sleep patterns during flights. These findings indicate that biomathematical models may retain accuracy even under extreme circumstances like the COVID-19 pandemic. Pilots may overestimate the amount of sleep that they receive during extreme flights-duty periods, which could constitute a fatigue risk. Support (if any) NA

Physical exercise may improve sleep quality in children and adolescents with Fontan circulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 922-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva R. Hedlund ◽  
Li Villard ◽  
Bo Lundell ◽  
Gunnar Sjöberg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Improve Sleep Quality ◽  
Fontan Patients

AbstractObjective:To study physical activity and sleep in Fontan patients and healthy controls before and after an endurance training program, and after 1 year.Method:Fontan patients (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 25) wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days and nights during a school week before and after a 12-week endurance training program and after 1 year.Results:Patients had similar sleep duration and sleep efficiency as healthy controls. Latency to sleep onset in minutes was longer for patients than controls (22.4 (4.3–55.3) minutes versus 14.8 (8.6–29.4) minutes, p < 0.01). More time in moderate-to-vigorous activity daytime was correlated with increased sleep time (p < 0.05; r2 = 0.20), improved sleep efficiency (p < 0.01; r2 = 0.24) and less time as wake after sleep onset (p < 0.05; r2 = 0.21) for patients but not controls. Sleep variables did not change after the exercise intervention for patients or controls. After 1 year, patients had decreased total sleep time, decreased sleep efficiency, increased accelerometer counts during sleep and more time as wake after sleep onset during sleep time, but not controls.Conclusions:Fontan patients have prolonged latency to sleep onset compared with controls. More time in physical activities was correlated with better sleep quality for the patients. Also, subjects with low sleep efficiency and long latency to sleep onset may benefit most from physical exercise. These patients should be encouraged to engage in individually designed physical exercise as this could improve sleep quality.

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