Tactical Considerations in the Middle-Distance Running Events at the 2012 Olympic Games: A Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Renfree ◽  
Graham J. Mytton ◽  
Sabrina Skorski ◽  
Alan St Clair Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Apparent Position ◽  
Factors Associated

Purpose:To identify tactical factors associated with progression from preliminary rounds in middle-distance running events at an international championship.Methods:Results from the 2012 Olympic Games were used to access final and intermediate positions, finishing times, and season-best (SB) times for competitors in men’s and women’s 800-m and 1500-m events (fifteen 800-m races and ten 1500-m races). Finishing times were calculated as %SB, and Pearson product–moment correlations were used to assess relationships between intermediate and finishing positions. Probability (P) of qualification to the next round was calculated for athletes in each available intermediate position.Results:There were no significant differences in finishing times relative to SB between qualifiers and nonqualifiers. In the 800-m, correlation coefficients between intermediate and final positions were r = .61 and r = .84 at 400 m and 600 m, respectively, whereas in the 1500-m, correlations were r = .35, r = .43, r = .55, and r = .71 at 400 m, 800 m, 1000 m, and 1200 m, respectively. In both events, probability of qualification decreased with position at all intermediate distances. At all points, those already in qualifying positions were more likely to qualify for the next round.Conclusions:The data demonstrate that tactical positioning at intermediate points in qualifying rounds of middle-distance races is a strong determinant of qualification. In 800-m races it is important to be in a qualifying position by 400 m. In the 1500-m event, although more changes in position are apparent, position at intermediate distances is still strongly related to successful qualification.

scholarly journals Fortune Favors the Brave: Tactical Behaviors in the Middle-Distance Running Events at the 2017 IAAF World Championships

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1386-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Casado ◽  
Andrew Renfree
Keyword(s):  
International Association ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Shared Variance ◽  
And Performance

Purpose:To assess tactical and performance factors associated with progression from qualification rounds in the 800-m and 1500-m running events at the 2017 International Association of Athletics Federations World Championships.Methods:Official results were used to access final and intermediate positions and times, as well as performance characteristics of competitors. Shared variance between intermediate positions and rank order lap times with finishing positions were calculated, along with probability of automatic qualification, for athletes in each available race position at the end of every 400-m lap. Differences in race positions and lap times relative to season’s best performances were assessed between automatic qualifiers, fastest losers, and nonqualifiers.Results:Race positions at the end of each 400-m lap remained more stable through 800-m races than 1500-m races. Probability of automatic qualification decreased with both race position and rank order lap times on each lap, although rank order lap times accounted for a higher degree of shared variance than did intermediate position. In the 1500-m event, fastest losers ran at a higher percentage of season’s best speed and adopted positions closer to the race lead in the early stages. This was not the case in the 800-m.Conclusions:Intermediate positioning and the ability to produce a fast final race segment are strongly related to advancement from qualification rounds in middle-distance running events. The adoption of a more “risky” strategy characterized by higher speeds relative to season’s best may be associated with an increased likelihood of qualification as fastest losers in the 1500-m event.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Smallholder Crop Diversification: A Case Study of Manicaland and Masvingo Provinces in Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lighton Dube
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Tobit Model ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Extension Support

<p>This study analyzes the degree of crop diversification and factors associated with crop diversification among 479 smallholder farmers in Manicaland and Masvingo provinces of Zimbabwe. The Herfindahl index used to estimate diversification, while the Tobit model evaluated factors associated with crop diversification.  The mean crop diversity index is 0.54. On average households in Nyanga and Bikita are the most diversified with indices of 0.48 and 0.49 respectively. The most specialized households are in Mutasa and Chiredzi with indices of 0.62. An analysis by gender shows that male headed households are slightly more diversified than female headed households. The Tobit model indicates that gender of head of household, education, number of livestock units, access to irrigation, membership to a farmers group, access to markets, farming experience, farms on flat terrain, farmer to farm extension, routine extension, agro-ecological zone and household income are significant contributors to increasing crop diversification. In turn, crop specialization is significantly associated with off-farm employment, soil fertility, farmers who are happy with extension contacts per year, farmers trained using the farmer field school approach and farmers who receive NGO extension support.</p>

The prince and the pauper: Journalistic culture and Paralympic games in the Spanish print press

Journalism ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1713-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Solves ◽  
Sebastián Sánchez ◽  
Inmaculada Rius
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
The Media ◽  
Spanish Press ◽  
Motor Sports ◽  
Paralympic Games ◽  
The Olympic Games

The Paralympic Games are one of the world’s most important multisport events, maybe second only to the Olympic Games. However, research conducted to date shows that the media do not devote as much space to them as would accordingly be expected. This article proposes, through a case study, a new way of approaching this hypothetical discrimination by comparing the attention that the London Paralympic Games received from the Spanish print press with the attention that other sports received (football, basketball, tennis, cycling, motor sports and other minority sports) while those Games were being held. The main finding of our study is that over the period analysed, the Spanish press devoted less space to the Paralympic Games than to any other sport.

scholarly journals Demand Side Factors Associated With Quality Antenatal Care Services: A Case Study of Lusaka District, Zambia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brave M. Katemba ◽  
Phoebe Bwembya ◽  
Twaambo E. Hamoonga ◽  
Mumbi Chola ◽  
Choolwe Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Care Services

scholarly journals Athlete–Coach Conflict and a Sport Psychologist Caught in the Middle: A Case Study of Consultancy During Athlete Preparation and Performance in Olympic Games Athletics

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Males ◽  
John H. Kerr ◽  
Joanne Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Elite Athlete ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Basic Performance ◽  
Sport Psychologist ◽  
And Performance

This case study examines the personal experiences of an elite athlete, coach, and sport psychology consultant (SPC) during the athlete’s preparation and performance in a recent Olympic Games. The qualitative research details how the consultancy process was affected by the athlete’s late admission of the deteriorating relationship with his coach. The concepts of closeness, commitment, complementarity, and co-orientation provided a theoretical perspective to the SPC’s interpretation of athlete performance and the interpersonal conflict that developed between athlete and coach. The basic performance demand model provided an applied perspective. The SPC’s commentary adopts a reflexive discursive style that also focuses on the SPC’s role in the consultancy process and the effectiveness of the performance demand model materials. Five important recommendations arise from the case study, and these might inform other SPCs’ future athlete–coach consultancies and interventions.

scholarly journals Multicultural Education: Teachers Perceptions And Preparation

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Professional Preparation ◽  
Diverse Students ◽  
Culturally Diverse Students ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
K 12

In this study, the researcher has explored and described K-12 school teachers’ perceptions of multicultural education and their professional preparation to teach culturally diverse students in a Northwest Florida school district. This was a descriptive study, combining quantitative and qualitative research methods. A proportionate stratified random sample of 150 K-12 teachers was used for the survey and a case study of 15 teachers for the interviews. Correlation coefficients and ANOVA results determined overall significantly low correlations between teachers’ demographics and their perceptions. Previous research and the findings from this study indicate a need for effective preparation in multicultural education for teachers of culturally diverse students.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Domestic Violence among the 50 Years and above Living with Hiv/Aids - A Case Study of Mukono Hospital Patients

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ndazima Donny Silus
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Domestic violence cuts cross all age groups and globally, between 10% and 69% of women report of having been physically assaulted by their sexual partner at least once in their life. Furthermore, between 6% and 47% of adult women report of having been sexually assaulted by their sexual partners while between 7% and 48% of girls and young women at least reported their first sexual episode to have been forced. Understanding of domestic violence issues and integrating them in the current treatment regimens is critical for success of treatment regimens of the above 50 years PLWH as domestic violence is blamed to hamper adherence to ARVS and ART, condom use among others. Hence the main objective of the study was to find out factors associated with domestic violence among the 50 years and above population living with HIV/AIDS, making a case study of Mukono hospital patients. Specifically the study intended to establish the individual/background factors associated with domestic violence among the above 50 years population living with HIV/AIDS, define the socio-economic factors associated with domestic violence and find the influence of substance abuse associated with domestic violence among the 50 years and above population living with HIV/AIDS. The study adopted a descriptive cross sectional survey that employed both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques that was supported by both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected from the 50 years and above PLWH attending CoU Mukono hospital and from CoU Mukono hospital selected key informants, while secondary data was captured from CoU Mukono hospital records. The study used focus group discussions to capture qualitative data were different focus group discussions for male and female respondents were organized. Quantitative data was captured through use of questionnaires which were interviewer administered. The study targeted a sample of 263 respondents which was calculated using a Kish and Leslie formula and generated by use of simple random numbers that were assigned to study units following the inclusion and exclusion criteria that held that study participants had to be above 50 years, on ART and able to speak Luganda or English fluently. Only 196 respondents were studied as 67 questionnaires had errors. Domestic violence was measured on a standard HITS scale and a score greater than 10 was positive and indicated domestic violence while a score less than 10 was negative and indicated that a participant had not suffered domestic violence hence domestic violence was measured as a binary outcome. The study held domestic violence as a dependent variable and predictors of domestic violence like individual/ background factors, social economic factors like occupation and alcohol abuse as independent factors. A binary logistic regression was fitted against variables to test for their associations with domestic violence at both bivariate and multivariate level that a backward elimination method was used to determine variables that were significantly associated with domestic violence at multivariate level using a 95% CI. The study found that alcohol consumption was a risk factor to domestic violence and findings are in line with Canadian Panel on violence against women, 1993. Study findings associate domestic violence with having arguments over sex which is in line with Rani et al., 2004; World’s women and Girl’s data sheet 2011. The study recommended that there is need to promote interventions that limit alcohol consumption among patients as heavy alcohol consumption is associated with domestic violence that affects the treatment regimens of the 50 years and above.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency: A Longitudinal Case Study of Japanese Learners’ English Writing

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiyo Hokamura
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
English Writing ◽  
Japanese Learners ◽  
Academic Year

In this study I investigated the development of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) in the English writing of 2 Japanese university students of elementary-to-low-intermediate English proficiency over the course of 1 academic year. Data were analyzed from a dynamic systems theory (DST) perspective using min-max graphs, moving correlation coefficients, and a Monte Carlo analysis. The findings show that (a) the CAF measures followed nonlinear trajectories in their development, (b) they often did not correlate positively with one another, and (c) they sometimes showed signs of improvement during phases of high intravariability. The findings suggest that to understand the developmental trajectories and processes involved in language development more deeply, cross-sectional studies of developmental trends of groups should be supplemented with longitudinal studies that examine language development in individual learners. 本研究では日本人大学生（初級から中級下レベル）二名の英文ライティングの熟達度を一年間にわたり、複雑さ、正確さ、流暢さ　(complexity, accuracy, and fluency: CAF)　の指標から調査を行った。データ分析はダイナミックシステム理論の観点から、ミニマックスグラフ、移動相関係数、モンテカルロ分析を使用して行った。その結果、(a) 両者のＣＡＦの発達軌跡は非線形であり、(b) ＣＡＦのすべてが互いに正の相関関係をとることはほぼなかった。さらに (c) 学習者個人内のＣＡＦの軌跡が大きく変動した後に発達の兆候がみられることがあった。本結果から、言語発達の軌跡やそのプロセスをさらに理解するためには、グループ間を比較する横断研究を、個々の学習者を調査する長期的研究で補完することを提案する。

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