Can Previewing Sport-Specific Video Influence Reactive-Agility Response Time?

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Holding ◽  
Rudi Meir ◽  
Shi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
Reactive Agility ◽  
Analysis System

The purpose of this study was to examine whether a video-based warm-up could provide an acute performance benefit to response time for athletes in a sport-specific agility task. In addition, 2 learning strategies, explicit and implicit, were compared for their effectiveness in facilitating an improvement in sport-specific agility. Thirty representative male junior rugby union players (age 14–16 y, mean age 14.6 ± 1.09 y) were placed in 3 experimental groups (explicit, implicit, and control) and completed 2 intervention sessions. Testing sessions included preintervention testing, completion of the video-based warm-up intervention, and postintervention testing. A 3D motion-analysis system was used to assess response time in the testing battery. The athletes’ response times on the pre- to postintervention tests were compared to determine the effectiveness of the video-based warm-up. A 2-way general linear model with repeated-measures analysis indicated that both the explicit (P = .030, d = 0.28) and implicit (P = .049, d = 0.33) groups significantly improved their response time by the intervention compared with the control group (P = .367, d = 0.08). The mean postintervention response time for the explicit group improved by 19.1% (from 0.246 s pre to 0.199 s post), and the implicit group improved by 15.7% (from 0.268 s to 0.226 s). Findings suggest that a video-based warm-up may provide an acute benefit to sport-specific agility performance for junior athletes.

scholarly journals Performance Effects of Repetition Specific Gluteal Activation Protocols on Acceleration in Male Rugby Union Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Barry ◽  
Ian Kenny ◽  
Thomas Comyns
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Rest Interval ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Intervention Protocol ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Warm-up protocols have the potential to cause an acute enhancement of dynamic sprinting performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three repetition specific gluteal activation warm-up protocols on acceleration performance in male rugby union players. Forty male academy rugby union players were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups (control, 5, 10 or 15 repetition gluteal activation group) and performed 10 m sprints at baseline and 30 s, 2, 4, 6 and 8 min after their specific intervention protocol. Five and ten meter sprint times were the dependent variable and dual-beam timing gates were used to record all sprint times. Repeated measures analysis of variance found no significant improvement in 5 and 10 m sprint times between baseline and post warm-up scores (p ≥ 0.05) for all groups. There were no reported significant differences between groups at any of the rest interval time points (p ≥ 0.05). However, when individual responses to the warm-up protocols were analyzed, the 15 repetition gluteal activation group had faster 10 m times post-intervention and this improvement was significant (p = 0.021). These results would indicate that there is no specific rest interval for any of the gluteal interventions that results in a potentiation effect on acceleration performance. However, the individual response analysis would seem to indicate that a 15 repetition gluteal activation warm-up protocol has a potentiating effect on acceleration performance provided that the rest interval is adequately and individually determined.

scholarly journals Reaktivní agilita před a po sportovně-specifickém rozcvičení u hráčů stolního tenisu

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Pavel Vacenovský ◽  
Tomáš Vencúrik ◽  
Martin Sebera
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reactive Agility ◽  
National League ◽  
The Difference

The aim of the study was to determine and compare the reactive agility league players and players of regional competitions and its changes due to sport-specific warm-up. The research sample consisted of 43 players, who were divided into two groups. First group consisted of 22 players from teams playing in the national league competitions (24.3 ± 5.6 years, body height 179.4 ± 8 cm, body weight 74.8 ± 10.4 kg), the second group of 21 players playing lower regional competitions (26.7 ± 5.64 years, body height 180.2 ± 7.7 cm, body weight 77.8 ± 10.5 kg). We used Fitro agility test modified for table tennis before and after warm-up. For data analysis was used two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. When comparing reactive agility, we found significant difference before and after the sport-specific warm-up for group of league players (885.94 ± 122.69 ms before the warm-up, 842.80 ± 119.48 ms after the warm-up, an improvement of 4.87 %, p <0.0004) and also for the group of players from lower competitions (932.96 ± 114.78ms before the warm-up, 871.90 ± 119.68 ms after the warm-up, an improvement of 6.54 %, p < 0.0002). Although league players achieved better results, the difference between the groups was found not significant. The nonsignificant statistic values for interaction indicates, that league players did not respond to the sport-specific warm-up differently than players from lower competitions. Sport-specific warm-up is important for improving the reactive agility and therefore should not be underestimated.

scholarly journals Η επίδραση συνδυαστικών προπονητικών προγραμμάτων στο νερό και στη ξηρά αναφορικά με τους παράγοντες φυσικής κατάστασης κατά τη διάρκεια της μεταβατικής περιόδου στο ποδόσφαιρο

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Στέργιος Κομσής
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Field Training ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Paired T Test

Το ποδόσφαιρο είναι ένα σύνθετο, άθλημα το οποίο απαιτεί από τους παίκτες να εκτελέσουν πολυάριθμες δράσεις, που απαιτούν αντοχή, δύναμη, ταχύτητα, αλτική ικανότητα και ευκινησία. Οι περισσότερες ημιεπαγγελματικές και ερασιτεχνικές ομάδες δεν εφαρμόζουν κάποια προπονητική δραστηριότητα στο διάστημα που μεσολαβεί από την ολοκλήρωση της αγωνιστικής περιόδου μέχρι την έναρξη της προαγωνιστικής περιόδου της επόμενης χρονιάς, δηλαδή κατά τη μεταβατική περίοδο, πράγμα που μπορεί να έχει επιπτώσεις στην απόδοση των αθλητών. Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν να αξιολογηθούν οι παράγοντες φυσικής κατάστασης αθλητών ποδοσφαίρου, αναφορικά με τα κινηματικά, τα δυναμικά και τα ηλεκτρομυογραφικά χαρακτηριστικά, αλλά και μέσα από δοκιμασίες παιδιάς μετά από την εφαρμογή συνδυαστικού προγράμματος προπόνησης με την αντίσταση του νερού αλλά και συνδυαστικού προγράμματος προπόνησης στη ξηρά. Επίσης να εξεταστούν οι επιπτώσεις της αποπροπόνησης χωρίς την εφαρμογή προγράμματος προπόνησης (Detraining) στο συγκεκριμένο χρονικό διάστημα , και τέλος οι παραπάνω ομάδες να συμμετέχουν σε πρόγραμμα προαγωνιστικής περιόδου κοινό για όλες και στο τέλος να συγκριθούν μεταξύ τους. Το δείγμα της έρευνας αποτέλεσαν 36 ερασιτέχνες αθλητές (n=36) ποδοσφαίρου, ερασιτεχνικών σωματείων ηλικίας 19 έως 24, ετών χωρίς προβλήματα τραυματισμών οι οποίοι με τυχαίο τρόπο επιλογής χωρίσθηκαν σε 3 ομάδες. Το πρόγραμμα προπόνησης για καθεμία από τις ομάδες ήταν διαφορετικό. Η πρώτη ομάδα (n1=12) ήταν η ομάδα που ακολούθησε συνδυαστικό πρόγραμμα προπόνησης με τα στοιχεία της φυσικής κατάστασης να περιλαμβάνουν επιβαρύνσεις με την αντίσταση του νερού ATP (Aqua Training Program) Group. Η δεύτερη ομάδα (n2=12) είναι η ομάδα που ακολούθησε συνδυαστικό πρόγραμμα προπόνησης με τα στοιχεία της φυσικής κατάστασης να περιλαμβάνουν επιβαρύνσεις προπόνησης στο γήπεδο (ξηρά) FTP (Field Training Program).ενώ η Τρίτη ομάδα (n3=12) η ομάδα ελέγχου CGD (Control Group Detraining), δεν ακολούθησε κάποιο συγκεκριμένο προπονητικό πρόγραμμα, (Detraining). Η διαδικασία καταγραφής των δεδομένων κατά την εκτέλεση των δοκιμασιών πραγματοποιήθηκε σε τρείς διαφορετικές χρονικές περιόδους, η αρχική μέτρηση πραγματοποιήθηκε στο τέλος της αγωνιστικής περιόδου και πριν από την εφαρμογή των προπονητικών προγραμμάτων της μεταβατικής περιόδου διάρκειας 4 εβδομάδων, η δεύτερη μέτρηση στη χρονική περίοδο μετά από την εφαρμογή των προπονητικών προγραμμάτων της μεταβατικής περιόδου και πριν την έναρξη της προαγωνιστικής περιόδου ενώ η Τρίτη μέτρηση πραγματοποιήθηκε ,στο τέλος της προαγωνιστικής περιόδου, διάρκειας 6 εβδομάδων Οι εργαστηριακές μετρήσεις περιλάμβαναν καταγραφή των ανθρωπομετρικών χαρακτηριστικών όπως το ύψος και σωματικό βάρος για τον υπολογισμό του δείκτη μάζας σώματος BMI (Σ. Βάρος / Ύψος2 ) και λιπομέτρηση με δερματοπτυχόμετρο από δερματοπτυχές σε 4 σημεία, επίσης κατακόρυφα άλματα από ημικάθισμα, Squat Jump (SJ) και κατακόρυφα άλματα ύστερα από πτώση από ύψος 30 εκ. Drop Jump30 (DJ30), με ταυτόχρονη λήψη κινηματικών, δυναμικών και ηλεκτρομυογραφικών χαρακτηριστικών στη συνέχεια δοκιμασίες για τη καταγραφή της παραγόμενης δύναμης με ταυτόχρονη λήψη κινηματικών, δυναμικών και ηλεκτρομυογραφικών χαρακτηριστικών όπου οι συμμετέχοντες εκτέλεσαν. μέγιστη ισομετρική δύναμη των κάτω άκρων Fmaxiso σε γωνίες άρθρωσης γονάτου, 120, μέγιστη έκκεντρη δύναμη των κάτω άκρων Fmaxecc, και μέγιστη σύγκεντρη δύναμη των κάτω άκρων Fmaxcon και τέλος πραγματοποιήθηκαν οι δοκιμασίες παιδιάς, όπου χρησιμοποιήθηκε η δοκιμασία καρδιοαναπνευστικής αντοχής YO-YO IR1, η αξιολόγηση της ικανότητας επίτευξης μέγιστης επιτάχυνσης (10m), της μέγιστης δρομικής ταχύτητας 20m με αρχική επιτάχυνση 10m (Flying start), της μέγιστης δρομικής ταχύτητας (30m) και το Illinois Agility Run Test για την αξιολόγηση της ευκινησίας. Η αξιολόγηση των κινηματικών χαρακτηριστικών των δοκιμασιών πραγματοποιήθηκε με το APAS (Ariel Performance Analysis System), των δυναμικών και ηλεκτρομυογραφικών χαρακτηριστικών, με τα προγράμματα ανάλυσης Bioware και Bioanalysis. Για τον έλεγχο του δείγματος αναφορικά με την ομοιογένεια του, πραγματοποιήθηκε αρχικά ανάλυση ONEWAY ANOVA. Στη συνέχεια για να ελεγχθεί η επίδραση των προγραμμάτων μεταξύ των ομάδων, χρησιμοποιήθηκε ανάλυση MANOVA, με επαναλαμβανόμενες μετρήσεις , REPEATED MEASURES. Ακολούθως πραγματοποιήθηκε ONEWAY ANOVA ,πριν και μετά από το προπονητικό πρόγραμμα της μεταβατικής περιόδου, αλλά και πριν από την έναρξη της αγωνιστικής περιόδου. Και τέλος έγιναν PAIRED T-TEST των ομάδων ξεχωριστά πριν και μετά το προπονητικό πρόγραμμα της μεταβατικής περιόδου, αλλά και πριν από την έναρξη της αγωνιστικής περιόδου. Το επίπεδο σημαντικότητας ορίσθηκε στο P≤0.05. Τα αποτελέσματα μας έδειξαν ότι στις αρχικές μετρήσεις που πραγματοποιήθηκαν δεν υπήρξαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές μεταξύ των ομάδων στις μεταβλητές που επιλέχθηκαν. Στη συνέχεια στην δεύτερη και ενδιάμεση μέτρηση υπήρξαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές μεταξύ των ομάδων ATP και CGD αλλά και μεταξύ των FTP και CGD, με την CGD να βρίσκεται χαμηλότερα από τις υπόλοιπες δυο, οι οποίες δεν διέφεραν στατιστικά σχεδόν σε όλες τις μεταβλητές. Τέλος στην τρίτη και τελική μέτρηση υπήρξαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές μεταξύ των ομάδων ATP και CGD αλλά και μεταξύ των FTP και CGD, με την CGD να βρίσκεται πάλι χαμηλότερα από τις υπόλοιπες δυο, οι οποίες δεν διέφεραν στατιστικά σχεδόν σε όλες τις μεταβλητές. Συμπερασματικά τόσο το πρόγραμμα προπόνησης της φυσικής κατάστασης στην ξηρά (FTP) αλλά και το πρόγραμμα προπόνησης φυσικής κατάστασης μέσα στο νερό (ATP) πραγματοποίησαν παρόμοιες προσαρμογές στους δείκτες φυσικής κατάστασης, με βελτίωση ή σταθεροποίηση σε ορισμένους, αλλά και μείωση σε κάποιους άλλους μετά από τη μεταβατική περίοδο, και παρόμοια ανάπτυξη κατά τη προαγωνιστική περίοδο, ενώ στην ομάδα (CGD), λόγω της αποπροπόνησης παρουσιάστηκε μείωση σχεδόν σε όλους τους δείκτες μετά από τη μεταβατική περίοδο, πράγμα το οποίο είχε ως αποτέλεσμα τις μειωμένες προσαρμογές μετά από την προαγωνιστική περίοδο σε σχέση με τις υπόλοιπες δύο ομάδες.

Caffeine Supplementation and Reactive Agility in Elite Youth Soccer Players

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bradley Jordan ◽  
Ajit Korgaokar ◽  
Richard S. Farley ◽  
John M. Coons ◽  
Jennifer L. Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Reactive Agility

This study examined the effects of caffeine supplementation (6 mg·kg−1) on performance of a reactive agility test (RAT) in 17 elite, male, youth (M = 14 y) soccer players. Using a double-blind, repeated-measures design, players completed 4 days of testing on the RAT after a standardized warm-up. On day 1, anthropometric measurements were taken and players were accommodated to the RAT. On day 2, baseline performance was established. Caffeine or placebo conditions were randomly assigned on day 3 and the condition was reversed on day 4. Players completed 3 randomized trials of the RAT on days 2, 3, and 4 with at least 1 trial to the players’ dominant and nondominant sides. There were no significant differences among conditions in reaction time (RT) to the dominant side, heart rates at any point of measurement, or ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) after completion of the warm-up. Caffeine produced faster RT to the nondominant side (P = .041) and higher RPE at the conclusion of the RAT (P = .013). The effect on the total time (TT) to complete the agility test to the nondominant side approached significance (P = .051). Sprint time and TT to either side did not differ. Caffeine supplementation may provide ergogenic benefit to elite, male, youth soccer players.

Video-based perceptual training as a method to improve reactive agility performance in rugby union players

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 799-809
Author(s):  
Louise Engelbrecht ◽  
Elmarie Terblanche ◽  
Karen E Welman
Keyword(s):  
Training Group ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Perceptual Training ◽  
Retention Period ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Reactive Agility ◽  
Alternative Training

This study investigated the effectiveness of rugby-specific video-based perceptual training on the speed and agility of club-level rugby union players. Twenty-six players were randomly divided into either a video-based, field-based or conventional training group. For six weeks, the video-based and field-based groups performed agility training twice a week in addition to their regular rugby training, while the control group was restricted to regular rugby training. Speed, reactive agility and change of direction speed were tested pre- and post-intervention, and after a six-week retention period. Results revealed that both video- and field-based training were almost certainly more beneficial (13% and 17%, respectively) to improve reactive agility compared to conventional rugby training alone. In addition, both intervention groups maintained their reactive agility improvements following the retention period. Consequently, video-based training, likely because of a perceptual component, could be used as an alternative training method to improve reactive agility.

scholarly journals Effects of Self-regulated Learning Strategies on Learning of English Language by Students of Eighth Grade

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (IV) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Umm e Habiba ◽  
Mumtaz Akhter ◽  
Tahira Batool
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
English Language ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Population ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Regulated Learning ◽  
And Control

This was proposed to investigate the effect of self-regulated learning strategies on 8th class students achievement for learning English. This was experimental research. Intact group (8th class students) pretest and posttest of design was utilized voluntarily for data collection. The experimental group was taught with SRL strategies and control group was taught with traditional strategy. The pre and post-administration results of group with intervention and control groups were compared to determine the use of SRL strategies had statistically significant effect on students achievement to learn English. Independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test and Repeated Measures Analysis were employed for data analysis. The findings of this study revealed that SRL strategies had significant effect on students achievement scores. In conclusion, research was suggested to examine the effect of SRL strategies on students achievement on larger experimental population of various grades.

scholarly journals A Novel Perspective on the Proactive and Reactive Controls of Executive Function in Chronic Stroke Patients.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuhua Yu ◽  
Xiaomin Huang ◽  
Baofeng Zhang ◽  
Zhicheng Li ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proactive Control ◽  
Reactive Control ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Stroke Group ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Accuracy Rates

Abstract ObjectivesExecutive function is considered to be a main factor that affects the rehabilitation outcome in people with stroke. The proactive and reactive control process required when executing a complex task remains unclear in patients with stroke. MethodsSeventeen patients with chronic stroke and seventeen healthy individuals were recruited. Proactive and reactive controls of executive function were assessed the by the task-switching paradigm and the AX version of the Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT). General executive functions was assessed by the Color Trial Test (CTT) and Stroop Test. The behavioral data of the task-switching paradigm were analyzed by a three-way repeated-measures ANOVA, and the AX-CPT data were analyzed by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA.ResultsFor efficiency scores in task switching paradigm, trial×group interaction effect was significant (p=0.006). Post hoc analysis on trial×group effect showed no significant between-trial difference in accuracy rate in the stroke group (p=0.187), whereas the accuracy rates in the repeat trial was significantly higher than the switch trial in the control group regardless of 100% or 50% validity (p<0.001). Participants in the stroke group had lower accuracy rates than the controls in both repeat (p=0.002) and switch trials (p=0.068). For the AX-CPT, the main effects of condition (p<0.001) and group (p=0.005) on response time were statistically significant. The interaction effect of condition×group was also significant (p=0.044). Post hoc analysis for condition×group indicated that the stroke groups had a significantly longer response time in the BX condition than the control group (p<0.001). The stroke cohort showed significantly longer completion time in CTT2 (p<0.001) and larger word interference for completion time in Stroop test (p=0.029) than the control cohort. The response time in BX condition was significant factor in the regression model (R2=0.688, B=0.829, p<0.001), but not significant in AY condition (p>0.050).ConclusionsPost-stroke survivors showed deficits in the performance of proactive control but not in the performance of reactive control. Deficits in proactive control may be related to impairment of working memory. Interventions that focus on proactive control may result in improved clinical outcome.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Assistive Seats on Ability of Elderly in Sit-To-Stand and Back-To-Sit Movements

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Shu-Zon Lou ◽  
Jia-Yuan You ◽  
Yi-Chuan Tsai ◽  
Yu-Chi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analysis System

The ability to perform sit-to-stand (STS) and back-to-sit (BTS) movements is important for the elderly to live independently and maintain a reasonable quality of life. Accordingly, this study investigated the STS and BTS motions of 28 healthy older adults (16 male and 12 female) under three different seat conditions, namely nonassisted, self-designed lifting seat, and UpLift seat. The biomechanical data were acquired using a three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system and force plates, and were examined by one-way repeated-measures ANOVA to investigate the effects of the different seat conditions on the joint angle, joint moments, and movement duration time (α = 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the STS duration among the three test conditions. However, the BTS duration was significantly increased in the UpLift seat condition. Moreover, the peak flexion angle of the hip during STS motion was also significantly higher in the UpLift condition. For both motions (STS and BTS), the lifting seats significantly decreased the knee and hip joint moments, but significantly increased the ankle joint moment. Moreover, compared to the nonassistive seat, both assistive lifting seats required a greater ankle joint strength to complete the STS and BTS motions.

Intracisternal BioGlue injection in the fetal lamb: a novel model for creation of obstructive congenital hydrocephalus without additional chemically induced neuroinflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Oria ◽  
Soner Duru ◽  
Federico Scorletti ◽  
Fernando Vuletin ◽  
Jose L. Encinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Cisterna Magna ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Fetal Lamb

OBJECTIVEThe authors hypothesized that new agents such as BioGlue would be as efficacious as kaolin in the induction of hydrocephalus in fetal sheep.METHODSThis study was performed in 34 fetal lambs randomly divided into 2 studies. In the first study, fetuses received kaolin, BioGlue (2.0 mL), or Onyx injected into the cisterna magna, or no injection (control group) between E85 and E90. In the second study, fetuses received 2.0-mL or 2.5-mL injections of BioGlue into the cisterna magna between E85 and E90. Fetuses were monitored using ultrasound to assess lateral ventricle size and progression of hydrocephalus. The fetuses were delivered (E120–E125) and euthanized for histological analysis. Selected brain sections were stained for ionized calcium binding adaptor 1 (Iba1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) to assess the presence and activation of microglia and astroglia, respectively. Statistical comparisons were performed with Student’s t-test for 2 determinations and ANOVA 1-way and 2-way repeated measures for multiple determinations.RESULTSAt 30 days after injection, the lateral ventricles were larger in all 3 groups that had undergone injection than in controls (mean diameter in controls 3.76 ± 0.05 mm, n = 5). However, dilatation was greater in the fetuses injected with 2 mL of BioGlue (11.34 ± 4.76 mm, n = 11) than in those injected with kaolin (6.4 ± 0.98 mm, n = 7) or Onyx (5.7 ± 0.31 mm, n = 6) (ANOVA, *p ≤ 0.0001). Fetuses injected with 2.0 mL or 2.5 mL of BioGlue showed the same ventricle dilatation but it appeared earlier (at 10 days postinjection) in those injected with 2.5 mL. The critical threshold of ventricle dilatation was 0.1 for all the groups, and only the BioGlue 2.0 mL and BioGlue 2.5 mL groups exceeded this critical value (at 30 days and 18 days after injection, respectively) (ANOVA, *p ≤ 0.0001). Moderate to severe hydrocephalus with corpus callosum disruption was observed in all experimental groups. All experimental groups showed ventriculomegaly with significant microgliosis and astrogliosis in the subventricular zone around the lateral ventricles. Only kaolin resulted in significant microgliosis in the fourth ventricle area (ANOVA, *p ≤ 0.005).CONCLUSIONSThe results of these studies demonstrate that BioGlue is more effective than Onyx or kaolin for inducing hydrocephalus in the fetal lamb and results in a volume-related response by obstructive space-occupancy without local neuroinflammatory reaction. This novel use of BioGlue generates a model with potential for new insights into hydrocephalus pathology and the development of therapeutics in obstructive hydrocephalus. In addition, this model allows for the study of acute and chronic obstructive hydrocephalus by using different BioGlue volumes for intracisternal injection.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Abdominal and Gluteus Medius Training in Lumbo-Pelvic Stability and Adductor Strength in Female Soccer Players. A Randomized Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1528
Author(s):  
Héctor Guerrero-Tapia ◽  
Rodrigo Martín-Baeza ◽  
Rubén Cuesta-Barriuso
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Experimental Group

Background. Abdominal and lumbo-pelvic stability alterations may be the origin of lower limb injuries, such as adductor pathology in soccer players. Imbalance can be caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial over 8 weeks, 25 female footballers were randomly allocated to an experimental group (isometric abdominal training and gluteus medius-specific training) or a control group (isometric abdominal training). Evaluations were performed at baseline, at the end of the intervention and after a 4-week follow-up period. The exercise protocol in common for both groups included three exercises: Plank, Lateral plank and Bird dog. Specific exercises for the gluteus medius were: Pelvic drop and Stabilization of the gluteus medius in knee valgus. Outcome measures were lumbar-pelvic stability and adductor strength. Results: After the intervention, there was an increase in lumbo-pelvic stability in both groups, being greater in the control group than in the experimental group (mean differences [MD]: 4.84 vs. MD: 9.58; p < 0.01) with differences in the analysis of repeated measures (p < 0.001), but not in group interaction (p = 0.26). Changes were found in adductor strength in the experimental group (MD: −2.48; p < 0.001 in the left adductor; MD: −1.48; p < 0.01 in right adductor) and control group (MD: −1.68; p < 0.001 in the left adductor; MD: −2.05; p < 0.001 in the right adductor) after the intervention, with differences in the analysis of repeated measures in left (p < 0.001) and right (p < 0.001) adductor strength. Conclusions: An abdominal and gluteal training protocol shows no advantage over a protocol of abdominal training alone for lumbo-pelvic stability and adductor strength, while improvements in both variables are maintained at four weeks follow-up.

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