Traditional Versus Optimum Power Load Training in Professional Cyclists: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jaime Gil-Cabrera ◽  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Lidia B. Alejo ◽  
Eduardo Talavera ◽  
Almudena Montalvo-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Power Load

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of optimum power load training (OPT, training with an individualized load and repetitions that maximize power output) and traditional resistance training (TRT, same number of repetitions and relative load for all individuals) in professional cyclists. Methods: Participants (19 [1] y, peak oxygen uptake 75.5 [6] mL/kg/min) were randomly assigned to 8 weeks (2 sessions per week) of TRT (n = 11) or OPT (n = 9), during which they maintained their usual cycle training schedule. Training loads were continuously registered, and measures of muscle strength/power (1-repetition maximum and maximum mean propulsive power on the squat, hip thrust, and lunge exercises), body composition (assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and endurance performance (assessed on both an incremental test and an 8-min time trial) were collected before and at the end of the intervention. Results: OPT resulted in a lower average intensity (percentage of 1-repetition maximum) during resistance training sessions for all exercises (P < .01), but no differences were found for overall training loads during resistance or cycling sessions (P > .05). Both programs led to significant improvements in all strength/power-related parameters, muscle mass (with no changes in total body mass but a decreased fat mass), and time-trial performance (all Ps < .05). A trend toward increased power output at the respiratory compensation point was also found (P = .056 and .066 for TRT and OPT, respectively). No between-groups differences were noted for any outcome (P > .05). Conclusion: The addition of either TRT or OPT to an endurance training regimen of elite cyclists results in similar improvements of body composition, muscle strength/power, and endurance performance.

scholarly journals Traditional Versus Velocity-Based Resistance Training in Competitive Female Cyclists: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almudena Montalvo-Pérez ◽  
Lidia B. Alejo ◽  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Jaime Gil-Cabrera ◽  
Eduardo Talavera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction

We assessed the effects of a short-term velocity-based resistance training (VBRT, where exercise intensity is individualized based on the loads and repetitions that maximize power output) program compared with traditional resistance training (TRT, where the same number of repetitions and relative load are used for every individual) on body composition, muscle strength/power, and endurance performance in competitive female cyclists. Seventeen participants were randomly assigned to 6 weeks (two sessions/week) of TRT (n = 8) or VBRT (n = 9), during which they maintained their usual endurance program. Both interventions included squat, hip thrust, and split squat exercises. Training loads were continuously registered, and outcomes were measures of muscle strength/power, body composition, and endurance performance (incremental test and 8-min time trial). No differences between TRT and VBRT groups were found for overall internal training loads during resistance training or cycling sessions (p &gt; 0.05). Both interventions led to significant improvements in all strength/power-related outcomes, but VBRT induced greater improvements than TRT in maximum muscle strength and power as assessed with the hip thrust exercise (p &lt; 0.05 for the group by time interaction effect). However, no significant group by time interaction effect was found for body composition or endurance performance-related outcomes. In conclusion, the addition of a short-term intervention of VBRT or TRT to the usual training regimen of competitive female cyclists improves muscle strength/power, albeit VBRT might induce superior gains on maximum strength/power for the hip thrust exercise.

On- Versus Off-Bike Power Training in Professional Cyclists: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Jaime Gil-Cabrera ◽  
Eduardo Talavera ◽  
Lidia B. Alejo ◽  
Almudena Montalvo-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Sprint Training

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of resistance power training (RPT, training with the individualized load and repetitions that maximize power output) and cycling power training (CPT, short sprint training) in professional cyclists. Methods: The participants (20 [2] y, peak oxygen uptake 78.0 [4.4] mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomly assigned to perform CPT (n = 8) or RPT (n = 10) in addition to their usual training regime for 7 weeks (2 sessions/wk). The training loads were continuously registered using the session rating of perceived exertion. The outcomes included endurance performance (8-min time trial and incremental test), as well as measures of muscle strength/power (1-repetition maximum and mean maximum propulsive power on the squat, hip thrust, and lunge exercises) and body composition (assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). Results: No between-group differences were found for training loads or for any outcome (P > .05). Both interventions resulted in increased time-trial performance, as well as in improvements in other endurance-related outcomes (ie, ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation point; P < .05). A significant or quasi-significant increase (P = .068 and .047 for CPT and RPT, respectively) in bone mineral content was observed after both interventions. A significant reduction in fat mass (P = .017), along with a trend (P = .059) toward a reduced body mass, was observed after RPT, but not CPT (P = .076 for the group × time interaction effect). Significant benefits (P < .05) were also observed for most strength-related outcomes after RPT, but not CPT. Conclusion: CPT and RPT are both effective strategies for the improvement of endurance performance and bone health in professional cyclists, although the latter tends to result in greater improvements in body composition and muscle strength/power.

Effects of an Alleged Myostatin-Binding Supplement and Heavy Resistance Training on Serum Myostatin, Muscle Strength and Mass, and Body Composition

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryn S. Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Heavy Resistance Training ◽  
Total Body

This study examined 12 wk of resistance training and cystoseim canariensis supplementation on serum levels of myostatin and follistatin-like related gene (FLRG) and muscle strength and body composition. Twenty-two untrained males were randomly assigned to a placebo (PLC) or myostatin binder (MYO) group in a double-blind fashion. Blood was obtained before and after 6 and 12 wk of training. PLC and MYO trained thrice weekly using 3 sets of 6 to 8 repetitions at 85% to 90% 1 repetition maximum. MYO ingested 1200 mg/d of cystoseim canariensis. Data were analyzed with 2-way ANOVA. After training, total body mass, fat-free mass, muscle strength, thigh volume/mass, and serum myostatin and FLRG increased for both groups (P < 0.05); however, there were no differences between groups (P > 0.05). Twelve wk of heavy resistance training and 1200 mg/d of cystoseim canariensis supplementation appears ineffective at inhibiting serum myostatin and increasing muscle strength and mass or decreasing fat mass.

Effects of resistance training and chromium picolinate on body composition and skeletal muscle in older men

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne W. Campbell ◽  
Lyndon J. O. Joseph ◽  
Stephanie L. Davey ◽  
Deanna Cyr-Campbell ◽  
Richard A. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Repetition Maximum

The effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementation and resistance training (RT) on skeletal muscle size, strength, and power and whole body composition were examined in 18 men (age range 56–69 yr). The men were randomly assigned (double-blind) to groups ( n = 9) that consumed either 17.8 μmol Cr/day (924 μg Cr/day) as CrPic or a low-Cr placebo for 12 wk while participating twice weekly in a high-intensity RT program. CrPic increased urinary Cr excretion ∼50-fold ( P < 0.001). RT-induced increases in muscle strength ( P < 0.001) were not enhanced by CrPic. Arm-pull muscle power increased with RT at 20% ( P = 0.016) but not at 40, 60, or 80% of the one repetition maximum, independent of CrPic. Knee-extension muscle power increased with RT at 20, 40, and 60% ( P < 0.001) but not at 80% of one repetition maximum, and the placebo group gained more muscle power than did the CrPic group (RT by supplemental interaction, P < 0.05). Fat-free mass ( P < 0.001), whole body muscle mass ( P < 0.001), and vastus lateralis type II fiber area ( P < 0.05) increased with RT in these body-weight-stable men, independent of CrPic. In conclusion, high-dose CrPic supplementation did not enhance muscle size, strength, or power development or lean body mass accretion in older men during a RT program, which had significant, independent effects on these measurements.

scholarly journals Once a Week Resistance Training Improves Muscular Strength in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153473541987974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanderson Divino Nilo dos Santos ◽  
Amilton Vieira ◽  
Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira ◽  
João Felipe Mota ◽  
Paulo Gentil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Leg Press

Background: Exercise has been shown to reduce adverse outcomes related to breast cancer. However, the rate of adherence to physical exercise is very low among breast cancer survivors (BCS). This study investigated the effects of high supervision ratio resistance training (RT), once a week for 8 weeks, on changes in body composition and muscular strength in BCS. Methods: Twenty-five female BCS undergoing hormone therapy were randomized into resistance training group (TG, n = 12) or control (CG, n = 13) group. The TG performed 8 weeks of supervised RT, with 1 trainer per volunteer, once a week. Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and muscle strength was evaluated by 10 repetition maximum (10 RM) for leg press (45°) and bench press exercises. A 1-way analysis of variance was used to compare within-group effects at pre- and post-intervention. An analysis of covariance test was used to compare post-intervention values, using pre-intervention measures as covariates. The effect size (ES) was calculated by Cohen’s d. Results: The TG improved muscle strength in 10 RM leg press (45°; Δ 33.75 ± 11.51 kg, P = .02; ES = 0.96) and bench press (Δ 4.08 ± 1.83 kg, P = .01; ES = 1.15). Adherence to training was more than 99%. Changes in body composition were not detected. There were no changes in the CG for any assessment. Conclusion: Once-weekly supervised RT could be an alternative to increase the adherence to exercise and improve muscular strength in BCS.

scholarly journals The effect of low-intensity resistance training after heat stress on muscle size and strength of triceps brachii: a randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Nakamura ◽  
Tomoichi Yoshida ◽  
Ryosuke Kiyono ◽  
Shigeru Sato ◽  
Nobushige Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The One

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to clarify whether there is a synergistic effect on muscular strength and hypertrophy when low-intensity resistance training is performed after heat stress. Methods Thirty healthy young male volunteers were randomly allocated to either the low-intensity resistance training with heat stress group or the control group. The control group performed low-intensity resistance training alone. In the low-intensity resistance training with heat stress group, a hot pack was applied to cover the muscle belly of the triceps brachii for 20 min before the training. The duration of the intervention was 6 weeks. In both groups, the training resistance was 30% of the one repetition maximum, applied in three sets with eight repetitions each and 60-s intervals. The one repetition maximum of elbow extension and muscle thickness of triceps brachii were measured before and after 6 weeks of low intensity resistance training. Results There was no significant change in the one-repetition maximum and muscle thickness in the control group, whereas there was a significant increase in the muscle strength and thickness in the low-intensity resistance training with heat stress group. Conclusion The combination of heat stress and low-intensity resistance training was an effective method for increasing muscle strength and volume. Trial registration University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000036167; March 11, 2019).

Muscle Strength, Body Composition, and Performance of an Elite Shot-Putter

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerasimos Terzis ◽  
Thomas Kyriazis ◽  
Giorgos Karampatsos ◽  
Giorgos Georgiadis
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Shot Put

Purpose:Although muscle mass and strength are thought to be closely related to throwing performance, there are few scientific data about these parameters in elite shot-putters. The purpose of this case report was to present longitudinal data for muscle strength and body composition in relation to performance of an elite male shot-putter.Methods:A male national champion with the best rotational shot-put performance of 20.36 m (in 2010) was followed from 2003 to 2011 (current age: 29 y). Data regarding body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry), as well as 1-repetition-maximum muscle strength (bench press, squat, snatch) and rotational shot-put performance, were collected every February for the last 9 y, 4 wk before the national indoor championship event.Results:The athlete’s personal-best performances in squat, bench press, and snatch were 175 kg, 210 kg, and 112.5 kg, respectively. His peak total lean body mass was 92.4 kg, bone mineral density 1.55 g/cm2, and lowest body fat 12.9%. His shot-put performance over these 9 years was significantly correlated with 1-repetition-maximum squat strength (r = .93, P < .01), bench press (r = .87, P < .01), and snatch (r = .92, P < .01). In contrast, shot-put performance was not significantly correlated with any of the body-composition parameters.Conclusions:The results of this case study suggest that elite rotational shot-put performance may not be directly correlated with lean body mass. Instead, it seems that it is closely related with measures of muscle strength.

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