Muscle Strength, Body Composition, and Performance of an Elite Shot-Putter

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerasimos Terzis ◽  
Thomas Kyriazis ◽  
Giorgos Karampatsos ◽  
Giorgos Georgiadis
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Shot Put

Purpose:Although muscle mass and strength are thought to be closely related to throwing performance, there are few scientific data about these parameters in elite shot-putters. The purpose of this case report was to present longitudinal data for muscle strength and body composition in relation to performance of an elite male shot-putter.Methods:A male national champion with the best rotational shot-put performance of 20.36 m (in 2010) was followed from 2003 to 2011 (current age: 29 y). Data regarding body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry), as well as 1-repetition-maximum muscle strength (bench press, squat, snatch) and rotational shot-put performance, were collected every February for the last 9 y, 4 wk before the national indoor championship event.Results:The athlete’s personal-best performances in squat, bench press, and snatch were 175 kg, 210 kg, and 112.5 kg, respectively. His peak total lean body mass was 92.4 kg, bone mineral density 1.55 g/cm2, and lowest body fat 12.9%. His shot-put performance over these 9 years was significantly correlated with 1-repetition-maximum squat strength (r = .93, P < .01), bench press (r = .87, P < .01), and snatch (r = .92, P < .01). In contrast, shot-put performance was not significantly correlated with any of the body-composition parameters.Conclusions:The results of this case study suggest that elite rotational shot-put performance may not be directly correlated with lean body mass. Instead, it seems that it is closely related with measures of muscle strength.

scholarly journals Reduced Appendicular Lean Body Mass, Muscle Strength, and Size of Type II Muscle Fibers in Patients with Spondyloarthritis versus Healthy Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Røren Nordén ◽  
Hanne Dagfinrud ◽  
Amund Løvstad ◽  
Truls Raastad
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Type I ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to investigate body composition, muscle function, and muscle morphology in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA).Methods. Ten male SpA patients (mean ± SD age39±4.1years) were compared with ten healthy controls matched for sex, age, body mass index, and self-reported level of physical exercise. Body composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Musculus quadriceps femoris (QF) strength was assessed by maximal isometric contractions prior to test of muscular endurance. Magnetic resonance imaging of QF was used to measure muscle size and calculate specific muscle strength. Percutaneous needle biopsy samples were taken fromm. vastus lateralis.Results. SpA patients presented with significantly lower appendicular lean body mass (LBM) (p=0.02), but there was no difference in bone mineral density, fat mass, or total LBM. Absolute QF strength was significantly lower in SpA patients (p=0.03) with a parallel trend for specific strength (p=0.08). Biopsy samples from the SpA patients revealed significantly smaller cross-sectional area (CSA) of type II muscle fibers (p=0.04), but no difference in CSA type I fibers.Conclusions. Results indicate that the presence of SpA disease is associated with reduced appendicular LBM, muscle strength, and type II fiber CSA.

Seated Shot Put as a Measure of Upper Body Power in Adolescent Wrestlers

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry L. Mayhew ◽  
Michael G. Bemben ◽  
Donna M. Rohrs
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Upper Body Power ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shot Put

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among the seated shot put (SSP), bench press power (BPP), and body composition in adolescent wrestlers. Seventy-five wrestlers from three high schools were tested during their preseason training. Upper body power was tested with a plate-loaded bench press machine equipped with infrared sensors attached to a digital timer. Each subject was given three trials with a constant 24.5-kg load (CLP) and with a variable load equal to 60% of body mass (VLP). Skinfolds were used to estimate body composition. The SSP was significantly related to both CLP and VLP as well as to body mass, lean body mass (LBM), and % fat. Removing the effect of body mass reduced the relationship between SSP and both CLP and VLP. Removing the effect of LBM had a slightly greater effect on the relationships between SSP and both CLP and VLP, although the correlations remained significant. Therefore it appears that the SSP is only moderately related to upper body power in adolescent wrestlers and may be greatly influenced by size and muscularity.

scholarly journals WOMEN’S FEMORAL MASS CONTENT CORRELATES TO MUSCLE STRENGTH INDEPENDENTLY OF LEAN BODY MASS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-489
Author(s):  
Luciana Duarte Pimenta ◽  
Danilo Alexandre Massini ◽  
Daniel Dos Santos ◽  
Leandro Oliveira Da Cruz Siqueira ◽  
Andrei Sancassani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Regional Body Composition ◽  
Body Lean Mass

ABSTRACT Introduction There is limited consensus regarding the recommendation of the most effective form of exercise for bone integrity, despite the fact that weight training exercise promotes an increase in muscle mass and strength as recurrent responses. However, strength variations in women do not depend on muscle mass development as they do in men, but strength enhancement has shown the potential to alter bone mineral content (BMC) for both sexes. Objective This study analyzed the potential of muscle strength, as well as that of whole-body and regional body composition, to associate femoral BMC in young women. Methods Fifteen female college students (aged 24.9 ± 7.2 years) were assessed for regional and whole-body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Maximum muscle strength was assessed by the one-repetition maximum (1RM) test in the following exercises: bench press (BP), lat pulldown (LP), knee flexion (KF), knee extension (KE) and 45° leg press (45LP). Linear regression analyzed BMC relationships with regional composition and 1RM values. Dispersion and error measures (R 2 aj and SEE), were tested, defining p ≤0.05. Results Among body composition variables, only total lean body mass was associated with femoral BMC values (R 2 aj = 0.37, SEE = 21.3 g). Regarding strength values, 1RM presented determination potential on femoral BMC in the CE exercise (R 2 aj = 0.46, SEE = 21.3 g). Conclusions Muscle strength aptitude in exercises for femoral regions is relevant to the femoral mineralization status, having associative potential that is similar to and independent of whole-body lean mass. Therefore, training routines to increase muscle strength in the femoral region are recommended. In addition, increasing muscle strength in different parts of the body may augment bone remodeling stimulus, since it can effectively alter total whole-body lean mass. Level of Evidence II; Development of diagnostic criteria in consecutive patients (with universally applied reference ‘‘gold’’ standard).

scholarly journals Men and women do not have the same relation between body composition and postural sway

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (02) ◽  
pp. 093-097 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alonso ◽  
L. Mochizuki ◽  
N. Luna ◽  
A. Canonica ◽  
R. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Men And Women

Abstract Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of body composition on the postural sway during quiet standing. Our hypothesis is that men and women do not have the same relation between body composition and postural sway during quiet standing. Materials and Methods: Participated in the study 50 men and 50 women; age range: 20-40 years old. The main outcome measures were: Body composition (bone densitometry), percentage of fat (% fat) tissue (g), fat (g), lean mass (g), bone mineral content (g) and bone mineral density (g/cm2); Anthropometry: body mass (kg), height (cm), length of the trunk-head (cm), length of lower limbs (cm). The following indices were calculated: body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) and Postural balance test - center ofpressure displacement. Results: The correlation analysis showed low correlations between postural sway and anthropometric variables. The multiple linear regression model showed that the body composition and the anthropometry were able to explain only men's postural sway. Conclusion: The postural sway is sex type dependent. Men and women have different relations between body composition and postural sway. Only male's body composition affected the body sway.

scholarly journals Relationship between Leg Strength and Balance and Lean Body Mass. Benefits for Active Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez ◽  
Wanesa Onetti-Onetti ◽  
Rui Sousa Mendes ◽  
José Luis Chinchilla-Minguet
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Strength Capacity

Physical activity (PA) can bring incalculable benefits to people throughout the aging process. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between the leg and arm strength, body composition and balance of elderly people. Twenty-one people (9 men and 12 women) over 60 years of age voluntarily participated in this study. Bioimpedance tests were carried out to obtain body mass data, manual dynamometer tests and the lower limbs test were conducted to obtain strength values, ​​and the stork balance stand test was conducted to assess static balance. As a result, medium-high correlation coefficients were obtained between the aforementioned dependent variables. The highest value corresponded to the relationship between the results of the dominant hand strength test (right hand in all participants) and the lean body mass (LBM) of the participant (R2 = 75%, p < 0.001). The results indicated that strength capacity, recorded by dynamometry, and balance ability have a direct relationship with the body composition of the subject, especially with their lean body mass. These data suggest that a greater lean body mass can provide greater strength and balance in the elderly, so it would improve or have greater duration the functionality and independence of the person, thereby justifying direct benefits in people and indirect benefits in public administrations that finance these social issues.

Rate of Force Development, Muscle Architecture, and Performance in Elite Weightlifters

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Zaras ◽  
Angeliki-Nikoletta Stasinaki ◽  
Polyxeni Spiliopoulou ◽  
Giannis Arnaoutis ◽  
Marios Hadjicharalambous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Muscle Architecture ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Leg Press

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between weightlifting performance and the rate of force development (RFD), muscle architecture, and body composition in elite Olympic weightlifters. Methods: Six male Olympic weightlifters (age 23.3 [3.4] y, body mass 88.7 [10.2] kg, body height 1.76 [0.07] m, snatch 146.7 [15.4] kg, clean and jerk 179.4 [22.1] kg), all members of the national team, participated in the study. Athletes completed a 16-week periodized training program aiming to maximize their performance at the national competition event. Measurements, including maximal strength (1-repetition maximum) in snatch, clean and jerk, back and front squat, isometric leg press RFD and peak force, countermovement jump, vastus lateralis muscle architecture, and body composition, were performed before and after the training period. Results: Weightlifting performance increased significantly after training (P < .05). Leg press RFD increased only in time windows of 0 to 200 and 0 to 250 milliseconds after training (8.9% [8.5%] and 9.4% [7.7%], respectively, P < .05) while peak force remained unaltered (P < .05). Front squat strength increased significantly (P < .05), while countermovement jump power increased 2.3% (2.1%) (P < .05). No changes were observed for muscle architecture and lean body mass (P > .05). Significant correlations were observed between performance in snatch and clean and jerk with isometric leg press RFD, at all time windows, as well as with lean body mass and squat 1-repetition maximum. Conclusions: These results suggest that regular examination of RFD, lean body mass, and lower extremities’ 1-repetition maximum may be useful performance predictors in elite Olympic weightlifters.

scholarly journals High Levels of Physical Activity May Promote a Reduction in Bone Mineral Density in Peritoneal Dialysis

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Armando Raimundo ◽  
Zelinda Charrua ◽  
Nuno Batalha ◽  
Catarina Pereira ◽  
Jose Parraca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Vigorous Activity ◽  
Mineral Density

Background and objectives: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are expected to present lower levels of physical activity, unhealthy changes at the body composition level, and low levels of strength. Firstly, this study aimed to report the sex differences in physical activity, body composition and muscle strength and the relations among these variables. Secondly, we analyze the relationship between physical activity and biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four patients (13 women and 21 men) participated in this study. Body composition was assessed by bioimpedance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and maximum isokinetic unilateral strength, analytical parameters and physical activity levels were evaluated. Results: The men showed higher values for weight, height, lean body mass, bone mineral content, bone mineral density (BMD) and total body water, while women showed higher values for the percentage of fat mass and hydration of lean body mass (p < 0.05). No differences between the sexes were found in different levels of physical activity; however, males registered significantly higher values for isokinetic strength variables except for knee extensor strength. BMD was positively related to sedentary activity and negatively related to moderate and vigorous activity (r = 0.383 and r = −0.404, respectively). Light physical activity was negatively correlated with albumin (r = −0.393) and total protein (r = −0.410) levels, while moderate/vigorous activity was positively correlated with urea distribution volume (r = 0.446) and creatinine clearance (r = 0.359) and negatively correlated with the triglyceride level (r = −0.455). Conclusions: PD patients with higher levels of physical activity present better results in terms of body composition and biochemical parameters. Additional studies should be conducted to clarify the relation between physical activity level and BMD.

scholarly journals The Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment on Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition in Girls with Turner Syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 4302-4305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mim Ari ◽  
Vladimir K. Bakalov ◽  
Suvimol Hill ◽  
Carolyn A. Bondy
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Gh Treatment

Abstract Background: Many girls with Turner syndrome (TS) are treated with GH to increase adult height. In addition to promoting longitudinal bone growth, GH has effects on bone and body composition. Objective: The objective was to determine how GH treatment affects bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in girls with TS. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we compared measures of body composition and BMD by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and phalangeal cortical thickness by hand radiography in 28 girls with TS who had never received GH and 39 girls who were treated with GH for at least 1 yr. All girls were participants in a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Research Center (CRC) protocol between 2001 and 2006. Results: The two groups were similar in age (12.3 yr, sd 2.9), bone age (11.5 yr, sd 2.6), and weight (42.8 kg, sd 16.6); but the GH-treated group was taller (134 vs. 137 cm, P = 0.001). The average duration of GH treatment was 4.2 (sd 3.2) yr (range 1–14 yr). After adjustment for size and bone age, there were no significant differences in BMD at L1–L4, 1/3 radius or cortical bone thickness measured at the second metacarpal. However, lean body mass percent was higher (P &lt; 0.001), whereas body fat percent was lower (P &lt; 0.001) in the GH-treated group. These effects were independent of estrogen exposure and were still apparent in girls that had finished GH treatment at least 1 yr previously. Conclusions: Although GH treatment has little effect on cortical or trabecular BMD in girls with TS, it is associated with increased lean body mass and reduced adiposity.

scholarly journals The changes in proportion and body composition of a woman practicing group fitness training for three months.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Agata Mroczek ◽  
Magdalena Chawałek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Training Cycle ◽  
Group Fitness ◽  
Fitness Training

Background: Physical activity is an excellent form of prevention of modern diseases. The most popular form of physical activity chosen by women is group fitness activities. Women are most likely to focus on exercises for the lower parts of the body (thighs, buttocks, abdomen). In recent years, dance classes (e.g. Zumba) or exercises on mini trampolines have become very popular. Regular fitness training contributes to positive changes in the proportions and body composition. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess the proportions and body composition of a woman via a 3-month group fitness training program. Case report: The study involved a woman aged 26, participating in fitness classes three times a week for a period of three months. The woman participated in the following training cycle: twice a week (Monday and Wednesday) in the Jumping Frog interval training on a trampoline; twice a week (Monday and Friday) in ZUMBA® classes; and once a week (Wednesday) in ABT classes (abdomen, buttocks, thighs). Her height and weight, waist and hips circumference, and the thickness of three skinfolds (subscapular, triceps, abdominal) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were calculated and body composition analysis (% of body fat, lean body mass) was performed. Two measurements were made: the first at the beginning of the training cycle, the second on completion. After three months of training, there were a decrease in body weight (2.2 kg), BMI (0.77 kg/m2), waist circumference (4 cm), hip circumference (2 cm), WHR (0.03), subscapular, abdominal and triceps skinfold (1 mm, 3 mm, 3 mm), body fat (2.6%) and perimeters, and an increase in lean body mass (1 kg). Conclusions: This study shows a positive effect of fitness training on body proportions and body composition.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Relationship between Body Composition and the Level of Functional Readiness of Football Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
N. Vdovenko ◽  
◽  
E. Maydaniuk ◽  
M. Imas ◽  
S. Sharafytdinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat

The compositional content of the body of athletes is one of the factors that can affect the effectiveness of sports activity, being an important component of the training process of football players. In turn, the composition of the body depends on the orientation, intensity and volume of training loads. Physical activity and exercise are known to lead to a decrease in body fat and an increase in lean body mass. The purpose of the study was to determine the significance of body composition for functional readiness of football players. Material and methods. The research involved 81 football players (Ukrainian Premier League), aged 20-30 years. During the research, the following methods were used: chronometry, ergometry, spirometry, gas analysis, heart rate monitoring, anthropometry and impedance measurement, biochemical research methods, and mathematical statistics methods. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, we established the influence of the body composition, in particular the percentage of body fat, on the level of functional readiness of football players. The probable correlations between the values of the level of functional readiness and indicators of the composition of the body were revealed. We found probable correlation between lean body mass and absolute power (r = 0.90; p ≤ 0.05), lean mass and VO2max (r = 0.44; p ≤ 0.05). A probable correlation between the percentage of fat and specific power (r = - 0.45; p ≤ 0.05), the percentage of fat and speed (r = - 0.50; p ≤ .05) was also revealed. An increase in body fat mass can negatively affect the specific power, speed and aerobic capabilities of athletes; it manifests itself in a decrease in the VO2max, speed and power of football players with an increase in body weight due to the fat component. Conclusion. The highest values of maximum power and VO2max were achieved by football players with adipose tissue content in the range from 9.0 to 16.0%. An increase in the level of functional readiness of football players is possible by optimizing the compositional composition of the body of athletes, namely, the percentage of body fat

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