scholarly journals Exercise-Induced Salivary Hormone Responses to High-Intensity, Self-Paced Running

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Diogo V. Leal ◽  
Lee Taylor ◽  
John Hough
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Salivary Testosterone ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Hormonal Dysfunction ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potential Tool

Purpose: Physical overexertion can lead to detrimental overreaching states without sufficient recovery, which may be identifiable by blunted exercise-induced cortisol and testosterone responses. A running test (RPETP) elicits reproducible plasma cortisol and testosterone elevations (in a healthy state) and may detect blunted hormonal responses in overreached athletes. This current study determined the salivary cortisol and testosterone responses reproducibility to the RPETP, to provide greater practical validity using saliva compared with the previously utilized blood sampling. Second, the relationship between the salivary and plasma responses was assessed. Methods: A total of 23 active, healthy males completed the RPETP on 3 occasions. Saliva (N = 23) and plasma (N = 13) were collected preexercise, postexercise, and 30 minutes postexercise. Results: Salivary cortisol did not elevate in any RPETP trial, and reduced concentrations occurred 30 minutes postexercise (P = .029, η2 = .287); trial differences were observed (P < .001, η2 = .463). The RPETP elevated (P < .001, η2 = .593) salivary testosterone with no effect of trial (P = .789, η2 = .022). Intraindividual variability was 25% in cortisol and 17% in testosterone. “Fair” intraclass coefficients of .46 (cortisol) and .40 (testosterone) were found. Salivary and plasma cortisol positively correlated (R = .581, P = .037) yet did not for testosterone (R = .345, P = .248). Conclusions: The reproducibility of salivary testosterone response to the RPETP is evident and supports its use as a potential tool, subject to further confirmatory work, to detect hormonal dysfunction during overreaching. Salivary cortisol responds inconsistently in a somewhat individualized manner to the RPETP.

scholarly journals Is salivary cortisol moderating the relationship between salivary testosterone and hand-grip strength in healthy men?

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair T. Crewther ◽  
Andrew G. Thomas ◽  
Steve Stewart-Williams ◽  
Liam P. Kilduff ◽  
Christian J. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Salivary Testosterone ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Diurnal Salivary Cortisol in Sarcopenic Postmenopausal Women: The OsteoLaus Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gonzalez Rodriguez ◽  
Pedro Marques-Vidal ◽  
Bérengère Aubry-Rozier ◽  
Georgios Papadakis ◽  
Martin Preisig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSarcopenia, similar to hypercortisolism, is characterized by loss of muscle mass and strength. Cortisol circadian rhythm changes with aging (blunted late-day nadir values) were suggested to contribute to this decline. We aimed to explore the relationship between diurnal salivary cortisol values and sarcopenia diagnosis and its components in postmenopausal women. This is a cross-sectional study within the OsteoLaus population-based cohort in Lausanne (Switzerland). Participants had a body composition assessment by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), a grip strength (GS) measure, and salivary cortisol measures (at awakening, 30 min thereafter, 11 AM (sc-11AM) and 8 PM (sc-8PM)). Associations between salivary cortisol and sarcopenia diagnosed by six different criteria (based on appendicular lean mass (ALM) assessed by DXA, and muscle strength by GS), and its components, were analyzed. 471 women aged > 50 years (63.0 ± 7.5) were included. Various definitions identified different participants as sarcopenic, who consistently presented higher salivary cortisol at 11 AM and/or 8 PM. There were no associations between salivary cortisol levels and ALM measures, either absolute or after correction to height squared (ALM index) or body mass index. GS was inversely correlated to sc-11AM (r = − 0.153, p < 0.001) and sc-8PM (r = − 0.118, p = 0.002). Each 10 nmol/l increase of sc-11AM, respectively sc-8PM, was associated with a GS decrease of 1.758 (SE 0.472) kg, respectively 2.929 (SE 1.115) kg. In postmenopausal women, sarcopenia is associated with higher salivary cortisol levels at 11 AM and 8 PM. An increase of daily free cortisol levels in the physiological range could participate to sarcopenia development by decreasing muscle function in postmenopausal women.

Relationship between levels of salivary cortisol with depression and suicidal ideation

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1631-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. De Usabel Guzmán ◽  
M.J. Mota Rodríguez ◽  
A. Pampin Alfonso ◽  
J.B. Brenlla Gonzalez ◽  
M.J. Núñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionSuicide is a major public health problem in most of the countries because it has a high prevalence in young people. It has been studied that high levels of cortisol are associated with depression and increase of the suicidal risk.ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between cortisol levels in a population of university students and the questionnaire results for the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).MethodThe sample was composed by 106 students of the Nursing School of Santiago de Compostela University. The 88.7% of the sample are women with a mean age of 21.50 + /−2.52, the 99% are unmarried. The protocol consisted in 3 sections: demographic variables, BDI questionnaire with spanish scale and determination of salivary cortisol levels. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 15.ResultsThe are higher levels of salivary cortisol in students with a greater or equal score to 13 on the BDI with statistically significances differences (p = .000). Students with suicidal ideation (item 9 of the BDI) have highest rates of cortisol, with statistically significant differences (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThis study supports other researchs about the association between biological neuroendocrine markers and affective disorders. Explaining suicidal behavior could help us to prevent it by using early intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. They could also identify markers to establish the risk of suicide.

scholarly journals Hormonal Responses after Exercise-induced Muscle Damage in Healthy Humans

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastassios Philippou ◽  
Roxane Tenta ◽  
Maria Maridaki ◽  
Michael Koutsilieris
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Exercise Induced

The Relationship Between Objectively Measured Physical Activity, Salivary Cortisol, and the Metabolic Syndrome Score in Girls

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina D. DuBose ◽  
Andrew J. McKune
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between physical activity levels, salivary cortisol, and the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) score was examined. Twenty-three girls (8.4 ± 0.9 years) had a fasting blood draw, waist circumference and blood pressure measured, and wore an ActiGraph accelerometer for 5 days. Saliva samples were collected to measure cortisol levels. Previously established cut points estimated the minutes spent in moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. A continuous MetSyn score was created from blood pressure, waist circumference, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, and glucose values. Correlation analyses examined associations between physical activity, cortisol, the MetSyn score, and its related components. Regression analysis examined the relationship between cortisol, the MetSyn score, and its related components adjusting for physical activity, percent body fat, and sexual maturity. Vigorous physical activity was positively related with 30 min post waking cortisol values. The MetSyn score was not related with cortisol values after controlling for confounders. In contrast, HDL was negatively related with 30 min post waking cortisol. Triglyceride was positively related with 30 min post waking cortisol and area under the curve. The MetSyn score and many of its components were not related to cortisol salivary levels even after adjusting for physical activity, body fat percentage, and sexual maturity.

scholarly journals Free Radicals in Adolescent Varicocele Testis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo Romeo ◽  
Giuseppe Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Hormonal Dysfunction ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

We examine the relationship between the structure and function of the testis and the oxidative and nitrosative stress, determined by an excessive production of free radicals and/or decreased availability of antioxidant defenses, which occur in the testis of adolescents affected by varicocele. Moreover, the effects of surgical treatment on oxidative stress were provided. We conducted a PubMed and Medline search between 1980 and 2014 using “adolescent,” “varicocele,” “free radicals,” “oxidative and nitrosative stress,” “testis,” and “seminiferous tubules” as keywords. Cross-references were checked in each of the studies, and relevant articles were retrieved. We conclude that increased concentration of free radicals, generated by conditions of hypoxia, hyperthermia, and hormonal dysfunction observed in adolescent affected by varicocele, can harm germ cells directly or indirectly by influencing nonspermatogenic cells and basal lamina. With regard to few available data in current literature, further clinical trials on the pre- and postoperative ROS and RNS levels together with morphological studies of the cellular component of the testis are fundamental for complete comprehension of the role played by free radicals in the pathogenesis of adolescent varicocele and could justify its pharmacological treatment with antioxidants.

Plasma hormonal responses at graded hypohydration levels during exercise-heat stress

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1855-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Francesconi ◽  
M. N. Sawka ◽  
K. B. Pandolf ◽  
R. W. Hubbard ◽  
A. J. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Humidity Environment ◽  
Over Time

The effects of graded levels of hypohydration (3, 5, and 7% of body weight) on hormonal responses to exercise in the heat were examined in six heat-acclimated male volunteers. On the day following dehydration, subjects performed light (approximately 25% maximal O2 consumption, 1.03 1 X min-1) exercise in a hot (49 degrees C, 20% relative humidity) environment for four consecutive 25-min intervals interspaced by 10-min rests; blood was obtained before exercise and at approximately 10 min before completion of each exercise period. During euhydration, plasma cortisol (PC) levels manifested significant decrements over time (e.g., time 0, 14.2 micrograms X 100 ml-1 vs. time 2, 8.9 micrograms X 100 ml-1), probably related to its diurnal periodicity. However, during hypohydration, levels of PC were increased and correlated with hypohydration intensity (e.g., time 0, 0, 3, 5, and 7% hypohydration, 14.2, 16.5, 19.8, and 36.2 micrograms X 100 ml-1, respectively). Plasma renin activity (PRA) was increased significantly by hypohydration (e.g., time 0, euhydrated vs. 3%, 3.7 vs. 6.2 units) but was unaffected by exercise in the heat. Plasma aldosterone (ALD) levels were generally increased by exercise in the heat (e.g., time 0 vs. time 4, 3% hypohydration, 12.1 vs. 18.7 ng X 100 ml-1). Regression analysis illustrated that graded intensities of hypohydration were correlated with incremented PRA and ALD through 5% hypohydration. Conversely, PC was incrementally elevated through 7% hypohydration.

Marked differences in functioning of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis between groups of men

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1979-1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Petrides ◽  
Philip W. Gold ◽  
Gregory P. Mueller ◽  
Anita Singh ◽  
Costas Stratakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Low Responders ◽  
Exercise Induced

Petrides, John S., Philip W. Gold, Gregory P. Mueller, Anita Singh, Costas Stratakis, George P. Chrousos, and Patricia A. Deuster.Marked differences in functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis between groups of men. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(6): 1979–1988, 1997.—To compare profiles of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responsiveness, healthy, moderately trained men ( n = 15) were classified as high ( n = 7) or low responders ( n = 8) on the basis of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) responses to strenuous treadmill exercise 4 h after 4 mg of dexamethasone (Dex). These groups were then evaluated to compare 1) HPA and growth hormone responses to exercise at 90% maximal oxygen uptake 4 h after placebo, Dex (4 mg), and hydrocortisone (100 mg); 2) pituitary-adrenal responses to infusion of arginine vasopressin (AVP); 3) plasma cortisol after a Dex suppression test (1 mg); and 4) behavioral characteristics. In comparison to low responders, high responders exhibited significantly 1) higher plasma ACTH responses to exercise after placebo and Dex; 2) higher plasma AVP secretion with exercise after placebo and marked Dex- and hydrocortisone-induced enhancement of exercise-induced AVP secretion; 3) lower Dex-induced increases in basal and stimulated growth hormone secretion; 4) higher plasma ACTH responses to infusion of AVP; and 5) a trend ( P = 0.09) for higher trait anxiety ratings. Similar suppression of plasma cortisol was noted after 1 mg Dex. We conclude that subgroups of healthy male volunteers exhibit unique profiles of HPA responsiveness. We also believe that glucocorticoid pretreatment combined with strenuous exercise allows functional HPA responsiveness to be distinguished between subgroups of healthy controls and may be useful in the determination of susceptibility to disorders characterized by hyper- and hypo-HPA activation.

scholarly journals Comparison study of sixteen differential abundance testing methods using two large Parkinson disease gut microbiome datasets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary D Wallen
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Differential Abundance ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Microbiome Data ◽  
Log Ratio ◽  
The Relationship

Background: When studying the relationship between the microbiome and a disease, a common question asked is what individual microbes are differentially abundant between a disease and healthy state. Numerous differential abundance (DA) testing methods exist and range from standard statistical tests to methods specifically designed for microbiome data. Comparison studies of DA testing methods have been performed, but none were performed on microbiome datasets collected for the study of real, complex disease. Due to this, we performed DA testing of microbial genera using 16 DA methods in two large, uniformly collected gut microbiome datasets on Parkinson disease (PD), and compared their results. Results: Pairwise concordances between methods ranged from 46%-99% similarity. Average pairwise concordance per dataset was 76%, and dropped to 62% when taking replication of signals across datasets into account. Certain methods consistently resulted in above average concordances (e.g. Kruskal-Wallis, ALDEx2, GLM with centered-log-ratio transform), while others consistently resulted in lower than average concordances (e.g. edgeR, fitZIG). Overall, ~80% of genera tested were detected as differentially abundant by at least one method in each dataset. Requiring associations to replicate across datasets reduced significant signals by almost half. Further requirement of signals to be replicated by the majority of methods (≥8) yielded 19 associations. Only one genus (Agathobacter) was replicated by all methods. Use of hierarchical clustering revealed three groups of DA signatures that were (1) replicated by the majority of methods and included genera previously associated with PD, (2) replicated by few or no methods, and (3) replicated by a subset of methods and included rarer genera, all enriched in PD. Conclusions: Differential abundance tests yielded varied results. Using one method on one dataset may find true associations, but may also detect non-reproducible signals, adding to inconsistency in the literature. To help lower false positives, one might analyze data with two or more DA methods to gauge concordance, and use a built-in replication dataset to show reproducibility. This study corroborated previously reported microorganism associations in PD, and revealed a potential new group of microorganisms whose abundance is significantly elevated in PD, and might be worth pursuing in future investigations.

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